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Electron tomography of frozen, hydrated samples allows structure determination of macromolecular complexes that are embedded in complex environments. Provided that the target complexes may be localised in noisy, three‐dimensional tomographic reconstructions, averaging images of multiple instances of these molecules can lead to structures with sufficient resolution for de novo atomic modelling. Although many research groups have contributed image processing tools for these tasks, a lack of standardisation and interoperability represents a barrier for newcomers to the field. Here, we present an image processing pipeline for electron tomography data in RELION‐5, with functionality ranging from the import of unprocessed movies to the automated building of atomic models in the final maps. Our explicit definition of metadata items that describe the steps of our pipeline has been designed for interoperability with other software tools and provides a framework for further standardisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and is considered as a means of carbon sequestration. However, there is limited knowledge regarding responses of soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities to BC in a calcareous soil. In this study, different biochar AS, TS, PP, CS were applied to the soil at different rates (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) The highest increase in soil organic C content was observed in the TS treatment, while the AS treatment caused a slight increase of soil organic C. The highest MBC content was recorded in AS treatment and the lowest was observed in TS. The highest CO2-C emission was recorded in the TS treatment. In contrast, the lowest CO2-C emission was observed in the PP treatment due to its high recalcitrant C content and was attributed to a positive priming effect, stabilizing BC mineralization to improve the soil. The highest β-galactosidase enzyme activity was observed in the CS treatment and the lowest activity was observed in AS. The highest change in β-glycosidase enzyme activity was observed of PP treatment and the lowest was in AS biochar application. Thus, TS treatment is recommended to increase the organic C content of soils, and the PP biochar can be used to reduce CO2-C emission. The TS, PP, and CS can be applied to increase enzyme activities. The study clearly shows that the addition of BC to arid soils may have a high potential to improve soil enzyme activities and subsequent carbon sequestration and biochemical cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have increasingly identified a growing concern in the lack of attention given to factors intertwined with the mental health and well‐being of Arab‐American youth. To circumvent this problem, we applied a community‐based participatory research (CBPR) design to a sample of Arab‐American youth with the mean age of 13.72 years. We discuss the implications for professional counseling and other mental health interventions with Arab‐American youth, as well as provide directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat University Journal of Social Sciences / Firat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Firat University, Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic cancers. In recent years, research has focused on the genetic characteristics of the tumors to detail their prognosis and tailor therapy. In the case of EC, genetic mutations have been shown to underlie their formation. It is very important to know the mechanisms of EC formation related to mutations induced by estrogen, among other things. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), composed of nucleotide transcripts with very low protein-coding capacity, are proving to be important. Their expression patterns in many malignancies can inhibit tumor formation and progression. They also regulate protein coding at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), several varieties of which are associated with normal endometrium as well as its tumor, also play a particularly important role in gene expression. MiRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect many pathways in EC tissues and play important roles in cancer development, invasion, and metastasis, as well as resistance to anticancer drugs through mechanisms such as suppression of apoptosis and progression of cancer stem cells. It is also worth noting that miRNAs are highly precise, sensitive, and robust, making them potential markers for diagnosing gynecologic cancers and their progression. Unfortunately, as the incidence of EC increases, treatment becomes challenging and is limited to invasive tools. The prospect of using microRNAs as potential candidates for diagnostic and therapeutic use in EC seems promising. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released from many types of cells, including cancer cells. They contain proteins, DNA, and various types of RNA, such as miRNAs. The noncoding RNA components of exosomes vary widely, depending on the physiology of the tumor tissue and the cells from which they originate. Exosomes contain both DNA and RNA and have communication functions between cells. Exosomal miRNAs mediate communication between EC cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and play a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor microenvironment formation. Oncogenes carried by tumor exosomes induce malignant transformation of target cells. During the synthesis of exosomes, various factors, such as genetic and proteomic data are upregulated. Thus, they are considered an interesting therapeutic target for the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer by analyzing biomarkers contained in exosomes. Expression of miRNAs, particularly miR-15a-5p, was elevated in exosomes derived from the plasma of EC patients. This may suggest the important utility of this biomarker in the diagnosis of EC. In recent years, researchers have become interested in the topic of prognostic markers for EC, as there are still too few identified markers to support the limited treatment of endometrial cancer. Further research into the effects of ncRNAs and exosomes on EC may allow for cancer treatment breakthroughs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has created a significant public health challenge, necessitating the discovery of new therapeutic agents to combat infectious diseases and oxidative stress-related disorders. The Lentzea flaviverrucosa strain E25-2, isolated from Moroccan forest soil, represents a potential avenue for such research. This study aimed to identify the isolate E25-2, obtained from soil in a cold Moroccan ecosystem, and further investigate its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the strain's classification within the Lentzea genus, with a sequence closely resembling that of Lentzea flaviverrucosa AS4.0578 (96.10% similarity). Antimicrobial activity in solid media showed moderate to strong activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579, Escherichia coli strain ATCC 25922, Candida albicans strain ATCC 60193 and 4 phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, ethyl acetate extract of this isolate demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against 7 clinically multi-drug resistant bacteria. Furthermore, it demonstrated antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals, as well as a significant increase in ferric reducing antioxidant power. A significant positive correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and total content of phenolic compounds (p < 0.0001), along with flavonoids (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of amines, hydroxyl groups, pyridopyrazinone rings, esters and pyrrolopyrazines. The Lentzea genus could offer promising prospects in the fight against antibiotic resistance and in the prevention against oxidative stress related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) producers have the choice to retain or remove residue from the cropping system following grain harvest. In the U.S. Pacific Northwest and other regions, wheat residue is often sold to increase operational profitability, especially from higher-yielding systems. But there are several benefits to retaining residue, including recycling of mineral nutrients contained therein, though this is understudied. Therefore, the primary objectives of this research were to collect and analyze a large and diverse dataset on wheat residue nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu), develop tools to estimate nutrient amounts in residue, and make economic estimates of the fertilizer replacement value of those nutrients. This was accomplished by conducting replicated variety trials on five classes of wheat across many Pacific Northwest sites over two years, then collecting and analyzing data on wheat residue biomass, residue nutrient concentrations, and grain yield. The results showed that wheat residue contained a significant amount of nutrients, but was particularly concentrated in K. Production environment had the most substantial effect on residue mineral uptake amounts, due to site differences in yield and soil nutrient availability. To enable simple estimation of residue nutrient uptake across a broad range of wheat production levels, two estimation tools are presented herein. Economic analysis showed the substantial monetary value of residual nutrients. For example, in a high-yielding wheat crop (9 Mg ha−1), the average fertilizer replacement value of just residue N, P, K, and S was similar to the entire fertilizer budget to grow the crop (~$211 vs. $205 ha−1), not considering micronutrients in the residue or any nutrients removed through grain harvest. In making residue management decisions, wheat producers should consider the tradeoff between the immediate economic gains of residue sale and the multifaceted benefits of residue retention, including savings on future nutrient costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most known and usable renewable energy is photovoltaic solar energy. Its properties such as recursivity, cleanness, limitlessness, and reliability make it the most useful source of energy. Some undesirable natural (irradiance and temperature) variation affects the photovoltaic solar modules' characteristics. However, photovoltaic PV solar power needs to be monitored accurately, effectively, and efficiently in order to keep the global maximum power point (GMPP) steady. Therefore, this paper presents a modified multi-stepped constant current based on the gray wolf optimization (MMSCC-GWO) algorithm for photovoltaic systems. The proposed technique utilizes a multi-step constant current to the pack of wolves by monitoring the inside and the outside step of the hierarchical wolves. This proposed (MMSCC-GWO) algorithm accurately tracks the maximum power point from the photovoltaic systems under different partial shading conditions (PSCs). A comparative result with other conventional methods is investigated and the simulation results carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink environment reveal that the proposed approach outperforms the existing techniques in terms of efficiency, tracking time, and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The responsibility for creating accessible software within the development of digital services is important for multiple reasons, mainly equity and inclusion. However, adopting and sustaining the development of accessible digital solutions has always been challenging, more so in countries that are relatively new to the concept of universal design, and physical and digital accessibility, and where legal sanctions are not yet established. This work investigates the technology scene in the State of Kuwait and analyses the responses of computing professionals with regard to their skills, best practices and procurement of accessible tech and to their level of awareness toward people with disabilities. The findings reveal a low level of awareness among tech professionals with regard to disabilities and digital accessibility-related standards. The findings also highlight a lack of available guidance for developing inclusive design and accessibility. Additionally, time constraints, lack of training, legal enforcement and fundamentals concepts during undergraduate and higher education contributed to observed weaknesses. Participants were keen to learn more and benefited from flyers and free professional development courses offered as incentives for survey completion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolites synthesis using a combination of tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) and 1,6-diaminohexane (DAH) as organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) has been studied in order to understand how they acted during the synthesis. This combination can crystallize four zeolites: beta, ZSM-12, ZSM-48, and silicalite-1. TEAOH is found to direct the synthesis of beta, and ZSM-12 zeolites, whereas DAH directs the synthesis of ZSM-48 zeolite. On the other hand, the two organic components are found to have a cooperative role in the crystallization process of silicalite-1, with greater templating ability for TEAOH compared to DAH. The use of a supplementary organic component does not affect the degree of filling of the primary OSDA in the structure or the morphology of the obtained zeolites. The carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption capacity of the zeolites obtained was evaluated at a temperature of 293 K in a pressure range of 0 to 1 atm. The relationship between the surface properties of the zeolites and their adsorption behavior was studied. Beta zeolite had the highest adsorption capacity with 2.9 mmol/g, while ZSM-48 zeolite had the lowest adsorption capacity with only 0.7 mmol/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In all organisms, regulation of gene expression must be adjusted to meet cellular requirements and frequently involves helix–turn–helix (HTH) domain proteins1. For instance, in the arms race between bacteria and bacteriophages, rapid expression of phage anti-CRISPR (acr) genes upon infection enables evasion from CRISPR–Cas defence; transcription is then repressed by an HTH-domain-containing anti-CRISPR-associated (Aca) protein, probably to reduce fitness costs from excessive expression2–5. However, how a single HTH regulator adjusts anti-CRISPR production to cope with increasing phage genome copies and accumulating acr mRNA is unknown. Here we show that the HTH domain of the regulator Aca2, in addition to repressing Acr synthesis transcriptionally through DNA binding, inhibits translation of mRNAs by binding conserved RNA stem-loops and blocking ribosome access. The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the approximately 40 kDa Aca2–RNA complex demonstrates how the versatile HTH domain specifically discriminates RNA from DNA binding sites. These combined regulatory modes are widespread in the Aca2 family and facilitate CRISPR–Cas inhibition in the face of rapid phage DNA replication without toxic acr overexpression. Given the ubiquity of HTH-domain-containing proteins, it is anticipated that many more of them elicit regulatory control by dual DNA and RNA binding.The helix–turn–helix domain of an anti-CRISPR-associated (Aca) protein represses transcription of anti-CRISPR (Acr)-encoding genes and inhibits their translation to protein via distinct binding modes to DNA and RNA, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) nutrient uptake in residue biomass is important for agronomic, economic, and environmental decisions. Improved understanding of grain yield, residue biomass, nutrient uptake, and their relationships are needed. Research determined these factors in 2018 and 2019 from trials of four barley classes (spring animal feed, human food, and malt, as well as winter malt), using three common cultivars of each, at five locations in southern Idaho. Production environment created the largest difference in residue biomass and nutrient uptake. Barley harvest index ranged from 0.46 to 0.52 Mg Mg−1 across feed, food, and malt classes. Compared to previous estimates, nutrient concentrations from the combined dataset were greater than for N, less than for P, and greater than for K. Correlation of grain yields to nutrient uptake (excluding Cu and Fe) had r2 ranging from 0.68 to 0.89. At current prices, economic analysis indicated that fertilizer replacement costs for total residue biomass nutrients were greater than previous estimates and could greatly exceed current sale value. These relationships and value estimates can be used to improve prediction of barley residue biomass production and nutrient uptake to guide best management practices. The decision of how to utilize these metrics (on‐farm, regional, etc.) should be considered based on known variation in measured nutrient and residue data and considered in relation to the proposed task. Core Ideas: Limited research has focused on nutrient uptake and economic value of barley residue biomass (straw + chaff).Production environment created the largest differences in residue biomass and nutrient uptake across barley classes.Average harvest indices (HI) were 0.51, 0.47, 0.52, and 0.46 Mg Mg−1 for feed, food, spring malt, and winter malt barley.N uptake combined across classes was greater than previous estimates, P was less, and K was greater.Fertilizer replacement cost of nutrients removed in residue may far exceed the sale value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation is the main driver of crop production in many agricultural regions across the world. The estimation of irrigation water has the potential to enhance our comprehension of the Earth system, thus providing crucial data for food production. In this study, we have created a unique operational system for estimating irrigation water using data from satellite soil moisture, reanalysis precipitation, and potential evaporation. As a proof of concept, we implemented the method at a high resolution (1 km) during the period of 2015–2023 over the area south of the Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine, which collapsed on 6 June 2023. The selected study area enabled us to showcase that our operational system is able to track the effect of the pandemic and conflict on the irrigation water supply. Significant decreases of 63 % and 44 % in irrigation water compared to the mean irrigation water between 2015 and 2023 have been identified as being linked to the collapse of the dam and, potentially, to the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics play a crucial role in preserving and improving public health, saving millions of lives every year. However, their effectiveness is currently under threat due to the ability of bacteria to adapt and develop resistance to these treatments. Therefore, this study was carried out on two soil samples collected in two areas of Arba Aounate, Sidi Bennour province, Morocco, to identify natural antibiotic-producing Actinobacteria capable of combating multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. A primary screening revealed that of the 50 isolates, 16 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27,853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922, and Candida albicans ATTC 60193. A secondary screening showed that of the 16 isolates, only EIZ1 and EIZ2 isolates displayed outstanding antimicrobial and antifungal activity against 6 MDR bacteria, including Escherichia coli 19L2418, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus sp. 19K1313, Klebsiella pneumoniae 19K 929, Proteus vulgaris 16C1737, and Klebsiella pneumoniae 20B1572. These two isolates were also characterized culturally, morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically. Afterward, the amplification of 16S rRNA revealed that isolate EIZ2 was 99.06% strongly related to the genus Streptomyces. Furthermore, this extract exhibits strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals and elevated ferric-reducing antioxidant power. A significant (p < 0.0001) positive correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. A GC–MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of 10 compounds, mainly diethyl phthalate (97%) and benzeneacetic acid (94%). This research demonstrates that Streptomyces sp. strain EIZ2 represents a potential source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. These compounds could offer considerable potential as therapeutic agents, paving the way for future developments in medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly evolving landscape of healthcare, the digital transformation marked by healthcare 4.0 has spurred a surge in data generation, giving rise to 'big data'. Big data analytics has become an effective tool in the healthcare industry, revolutionising medical research, patient care, and healthcare management. This study undertakes a meticulous bibliometric analysis, drawing upon a dataset of 2212 articles from the Scopus database spanning 2014 to 2023, to unravel the trajectory of big data analytics in healthcare. The research explores diverse dimensions, from the distribution of studies across years to the productivity rankings of journals, countries, and institutions, elucidating the evolving trends and key contributors. Co-authorship networks and keyword co-occurrence analysis reveal thematic clusters and intellectual structures, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the field. The results underscore the escalating global interest in the fusion of big data and healthcare, illuminating collaborations, and identifying influential players. Additionally, the study identifies pressing challenges, including security concerns and skill shortages, emphasizing the imperative of overcoming these barriers for effective big data applications in healthcare. Serving as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, this research not only captures the current landscape but also provides insights for future exploration, contributing to strategic planning in this dynamic domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil moisture is an essential climate variable of the Earth system. Understanding its spatiotemporal dynamics is essential for predicting weather patterns and climate variability, monitoring and mitigating the effects and occurrence of droughts and floods, improving irrigation in agricultural areas, and sustainably managing water resources. Here we review in depth how soils can remember information on soil moisture anomalies over time, as embedded in the concept of soil moisture memory (SMM). We explain the mechanisms underlying SMM and explore its external and internal drivers; we also discuss the impacts of SMM on different land surface processes, focusing on soil‐plant‐atmosphere coupling. We explore the spatiotemporal variability, seasonality, locality, and depth‐dependence of SMM and provide insights into both improving its characterization in land surface models and using satellite observations to quantify it. Finally, we offer guidance for further research on SMM. Plain Language Summary: Our review paper takes an in‐depth look at soil moisture memory, which is how soil records its moisture history over time and space. Analogous to human psychology, which seeks to understand how a person's/society's memory influences his/her present and future behavior, understanding soil moisture memory encourages consideration of how such memory determines present state and might determine future behavior of soils exposed to environmental disturbances. Soil moisture memory can be affected by a variety of factors, both external (e.g., weather extremes) and internal (soil's unique properties). It affects everything from the air to the way our landscapes respond to disasters like droughts, wildfires, and floods. We also studied how this phenomenon affects the balance of water and energy in our environment, the health of our plants, and even how it communicates with the atmosphere. We show how it can change depending on where you are on the planet, the time of year, and how deep you dig into the soil. We offer scientists insights into how weather and land surface models can become more accurate by accounting for soil moisture memory. Its understanding not only helps us predict and manage our environment, but also provides opportunities for exciting scientific discoveries. Key Points: Atmospheric forcings, land use and management, and soil processes and mechanisms explain how and why soil moisture memory emerges in ecosystemsNonlocality of moisture memory, its spread across different regions, and its interaction with large‐scale climate phenomena are underexploredFurther advances in land surface models and closer integration of model simulations and observations are needed to better characterize moisture memory [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water budget over anthropized basins is profoundly altered by human interventions, among which irrigation prevails. This study investigates how such water use affects hydrological flux and state variables by comparing two SURFEX/ISBA (SURFace EXternalisée/Interaction Sol Biosphère Atmosphère) Land Surface Model simulations performed over a portion of the Ebro basin (Spain) that includes a heavily irrigated area. The first simulation is forced by atmospheric input only, while the second one is fed with atmospheric forcing plus remote sensing‐derived irrigation amounts added to the liquid precipitation. Four main hydrological output variables are compared under the two configurations: surface soil moisture (SM), total evaporative flux (i.e., the sum of components from bare soil and vegetation) (E), drainage, and runoff. Results indicate that SM and E are the variables mostly impacted during the main watering season. Considering mean daily rates per each month, a maximum increase of +30% and of +220% is found over the irrigation districts in July for SM and E, respectively. The reliability of the results is supported by comparisons with satellite evapotranspiration data from MODIS (MODerate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The inclusion of irrigation reduces the RMSE between monthly anomalies of modeled E and of MODIS reference data by 41% during the main watering season. Further validation through wavelet coherence analysis is also proposed. This study sheds light on the potential of explicit satellite‐derived irrigation water use data that, when integrated into modeling platforms, allow us to track and quantify anthropogenic impacts on water resources. Key Points: Irrigation impacts on the water cycle are evaluated exploiting explicit satellite‐derived irrigation water use dataDuring the main watering season, surface soil moisture and evaporative flux show an increase up to +30% and +220%, respectively, due to irrigationComparison against an independent land evaporation data set and the wavelet coherence analysis support the physical robustness of the study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process with significance in the metastasis of malignant tumors. It is through the acquisition of plasticity that cancer cells become more mobile and gain the ability to metastasize to other tissues. The mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) is the return to an epithelial state, which allows for the formation of secondary tumors. Both processes, EMT and MET, are regulated by different pathways and different mediators, which affects the sophistication of the overall tumorigenesis process. Not insignificant are also cancer stem cells and their participation in the angiogenesis, which occur very intensively within tumors. Difficulties in effectively treating cancer are primarily dependent on the potential of cancer cells to rapidly expand and occupy secondarily vital organs. Due to the ability of these cells to spread, the concept of the circulating tumor cell (CTC) has emerged. Interestingly, CTCs exhibit molecular diversity and stem-like and mesenchymal features, even when derived from primary tumor tissue from a single patient. While EMT is necessary for metastasis, MET is required for CTCs to establish a secondary site. A thorough understanding of the processes that govern the balance between EMT and MET in malignancy is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore technological advances and prospects in phenol treatment by providing a detailed bibliometric survey of wastewater treatment applications, highlighting innovative advances in research. Using the Web of Science database, we identified 79,104 articles from 2003 to 2023, later refined to 1848. The keywords were used for the initial search: "phenol", "wastewater", "degradation", "treatment" and "removal". The bibliographic review details the occurrence of journals, authors, newspapers, countries, institutions, keywords, highly cited articles, and prominent predominant research fields. In particular, the field of "Engineering" was responsible for 32% of the published articles, followed by "Ecology of Environmental Sciences" (25%) and "Chemistry" (12%). In addition, a keyword analysis revealed five major groups of clusters that indicate where the research is progressing. This aspect is crucial for understanding the evolution and perspectives of research interests over time. Therefore, future research in the field should prioritize wastewater treatment and feedstock diversification. This focus is essential to address significant challenges, such as production costs, stability, and durability of treatment processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpreting electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) maps with atomic models requires high levels of expertise and labour-intensive manual intervention in three-dimensional computer graphics programs1,2. Here we present ModelAngelo, a machine-learning approach for automated atomic model building in cryo-EM maps. By combining information from the cryo-EM map with information from protein sequence and structure in a single graph neural network, ModelAngelo builds atomic models for proteins that are of similar quality to those generated by human experts. For nucleotides, ModelAngelo builds backbones with similar accuracy to those built by humans. By using its predicted amino acid probabilities for each residue in hidden Markov model sequence searches, ModelAngelo outperforms human experts in the identification of proteins with unknown sequences. ModelAngelo will therefore remove bottlenecks and increase objectivity in cryo-EM structure determination.ModelAngelo builds atomic models and identifies proteins with unknown sequences in cryo-EM maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Anopheles mosquitoes are ectothermic and involved in numerous pathogen transmissions. Their life history traits are influenced by several environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and photoperiodicity. Despite extensive investigations of these environmental conditions on vector population ecology, their impact on the different life stages of Anopheles at different seasons in the year remains poorly explored. This study reports the potential impact of these abiotic factors on the immature and adult stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato during different seasons. Methods: Environmental conditions were simulated in the laboratory using incubators to mimic the environmental conditions of two important periods of the year in Burkina Faso: the peak of rainy season (August) and the onset of dry season (December). Eggs from wild An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.l. were reared separately under each environmental condition. For Anopheles coluzzii or An. gambiae s.l., eggs were equally divided into two groups assigned to the two experimental conditions. Four replicates were carried out for this experiment. Then, egg hatching rate, pupation rate, larval development time, larva-to-pupae development time, adult emergence dynamics and longevity of Anopheles were evaluated. Also, pupae-to-adult development time from wild L3 and L4 Anopheles larvae was estimated under semi-field conditions in December. Results: A better egg hatching rate was recorded overall with conditions mimicking the onset of the dry season compared to the peak of the rainy season. Larval development time and longevity of An. gambiae s.l. female were significantly longer at the onset of the dry season compared than at the peak of the rainy season. Adult emergence was spread over 48 and 96 h at the peak of the rainy season and onset of dry season conditions respectively. This 96h duration in the controlled conditions of December was also observed in the semi-field conditions in December. Conclusions: The impact of temperature and relative humidity on immature stages and longevity of An. gambiae s.l. adult females differed under both conditions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of vector population dynamics throughout different seasons of the year and may facilitate tailoring of control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an improved constant current step based on the grey wolf optimization (CCS-GWO) algorithm for photovoltaic systems is investigated. The development of grey wolf optimization has been widely spread over photovoltaic applications. This method is one of the metaheuristic swarm optimization algorithm groups inspired by an optimum means of chasing prey by grey wolves. The proposed technique applies constant current steps to the pack of wolves (alpha, beta, and omega) by monitoring the average of the internal current step and external current step in order to target the leader alpha wolf position. Moreover, the proposed technique solves the convergence process issues, low convergence speed, and premature local optima problems of the traditional GWO algorithm. This CCS-GWO algorithm accurately tracks the maximum power point from the photovoltaic systems for load charging in different partial shading conditions (PSCs). A number of standard benchmark functions are presented with low average cost functions and their corresponding standard deviation values. The simulation results revealed that the proposed CCS-GWO approach outperforms the existing GWO and GA algorithms in terms of efficiency (98.55%) and tracking time (0.3 s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine whether the whole-body bone Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) recording times of around 10 min, routinely provided by a high-sensitivity 360° cadmium and zinc telluride (CZT) camera, can be further reduced by a deep-learning noise reduction (DLNR) algorithm. Methods: DLNR was applied on whole-body images recorded after the injection of 545 ± 33 MBq of [99mTc]Tc-HDP in 19 patients (14 with bone metastasis) and reconstructed with 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, and 30% of the original SPECT recording times. Results: Irrespective of recording time, DLNR enhanced the contrast-to-noise ratios and slightly decreased the standardized uptake values of bone lesions. Except in one markedly obese patient, the quality of DLNR processed images remained good-to-excellent down to 60% of the recording time, corresponding to around 6 min SPECT-recording. Conclusion: Ultra-fast SPECT recordings of 6 min can be achieved when DLNR is applied on whole-body bone 360° CZT-SPECT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercoder reliability can increase trustworthiness, accuracy, rigor, collaboration, and power sharing in qualitative research. Though not every qualitative design can utilize intercoder reliability, this article highlights how positivist qualitative research, community-based participatory research, and participatory evaluation all strengthen when intercoder reliability is sought among coding teams. Basic calculations for intercoder reliability can be completed manually or with software, making it an accessible metric to inform counseling research and evaluation, benefitting counselor education and practice. Interpreting metrics like percent agreement or kappa statistic largely depends on data context and potential impact of the study, which warrants researchers and evaluators to assess and understand the consequences of their work. Using ICR with clinical data such as interviews and other qualitative sources can be utilized to teach trainees the method in counseling research and evaluation and help make visible the important contributions of qualitative research using collaborative teams in counselor education. Intercoder reliability is a method in qualitative coding analysis that helps multiple coders increase accuracy in their results based on agreement in their coding. The method is particularly important in qualitative research and evaluation like positivist qualitative research, community-based participatory research, and participatory evaluation, where rigor, power sharing, and participation, respectively, are valued among the research teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the evolving landscape of nursing informatics by conducting a follow-up survey initiated by the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Students and Emerging Professionals (SEP) Nursing Informatics (NI) group in 2015 and 2019. The participants were asked to describe what they thought should be done in their institutions and countries to advance nursing informatics in the next 5-10 years. For this paper, responses in English acquired by December 2023 were analysed using inductive content analysis. Identified needs covered a) recognition and roles, b) educational needs, c) technological needs, and d) research needs. The initial findings indicate that, despite significant progress in nursing informatics, the current needs closely mirror those identified in the 2015 survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reliable estimate of the areal reduction factor (ARF), useful for implementing the upscaling procedure of point rainfall information, is of crucial relevance in many hydrological applications aimed at hydraulic structures design. Despite the availability of different methodologies in the literature, the choice of the best formulation to be applied for ARF assessment in a specific region remains an open problem. In fact, the transposition of ARF formulations to areas different from those where they were developed, even with similar geographical features, could lead to incorrect ARF estimates and relevant errors in design rainfalls, especially for short durations. In this paper, a new deterministic fixed-area approach is proposed; it relies upon an averaging procedure of the ratios between areal and local annual maximum rainfalls. The proposed approach was applied to the study area of Umbria region in central Italy, where a parametric relation expressing ARF in a wide range of rainfall duration (5–2,880 min) and areas (up to about 6,100 km2) was derived. A comparison of the proposed approach with the most widely used empirical methodologies was also performed. The methodology can be adopted in any other region where a network characterized by a minimum length of rainfall time series of 7 years and a proper spatial density of stations is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermentation is an oxygen-free biological process that produces hydrogen, a clean, renewable energy source with the potential to power a low-carbon economy. Bibliometric analysis is crucial in academic research to evaluate scientific production, identify trends and contributors, and map the development of a field, providing valuable information to guide researchers and promote scientific innovation. This review provides an advanced bibliometric analysis and a future perspective on fermentation for hydrogen production. By searching WoS, we evaluated and refined 62,087 articles to 4493 articles. This allowed us to identify the most important journals, countries, institutions, and authors in the field. In addition, the ten most cited articles and the dominant research areas were identified. A keyword analysis revealed five research clusters that illustrate where research is progressing. The outlook indicates that a deeper understanding of microbiology and support from energy policy will drive the development of hydrogen from fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing technology is an essential tool for tracking human-induced alterations on the water cycle, among which irrigation prevails. The possibility of obtaining detailed and accurate information on the actual irrigation extent through remote-sensing-based approaches is of paramount importance for water resources management. In this study, an update of the TSIMAP (Temporal-Stability-derived Irrigation MAPping) method, originally developed with satellite soil moisture as an input, is proposed. To demonstrate that the flexibility of the approach does not affect its main strength point (i.e., good accuracy in the face of high simplicity for users), a dual analysis relying on 1 km NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) instead of soil moisture is carried out over the Ebro basin (Spain); data delivered by the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) are used. First, results of this work are compared with outcomes from the method's original implementation obtained over a focus area (denominated "Ebro_CATAR") through satellite soil moisture. In the proposed configuration relying on NDVI, an overall accuracy (OA) up to 93% is found. Results highlight an increase in OA ranging from +2% to +6% depending on the validation strategy with respect to the TSIMAP implementation relying on soil moisture. Then, a basin-scale application is performed, providing performances still satisfactory (OA = 75%) notwithstanding a higher degree of heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding is a type of natural disaster that has occurred frequently in Indonesia since 2012-2022 and occupies the second highest position compared to other types of disasters released by the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency. In South Sulawesi, flooding occurs every year, especially in areas affected by watersheds, such as the Walanae watershed. Indications of flooding causes include land change and overflows from rivers and lakes. Identifying factors affecting flood occurrence is necessary for the region's watershed management and development planning. This study was conducted to determine the factors that most influence the occurrence of floods and map the level of flood susceptibility in the Walanae watershed using the Frequency Ratio method. The causal factors analyzed in this study are rainfall, Topographic Wetness Index, elevation, slope, land cover, and distance from the river, which are then processed to obtain the frequency ratio value. The study results show that the most influential factor is land cover as a water-absorbing medium, with FR probability values of 4.27 and 3.31 in the water body and rice field cover classes. Land use direction needs to be followed up in the Walanae watershed, such as direction and correction of the spatial pattern plan improvements, especially in the spatial pattern of settlements and agricultural land that contribute to high flood impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on microorganisms in various biotopes is required to identify new, natural potent molecules. These molecules are essential to control the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). In the present study, a Streptomyces sp., namely SCJ, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a Moroccan garden. SCJ isolate was identified on the basis of a polyphasic approach, which included cultural, micro-morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of the SCJ strain showed 99.78% similarity to strains of Streptomyces coeruleofuscus YR-T (KY753282.1). The preliminary screening indicated that the SCJ isolate exhibited activity against Candida albicans ATCC 60,193, Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922, Staphylococcus aureus CECT 976, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14,579, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27,853, as well as various other clinical MDR bacteria and five phytopathogenic fungi. The ethyl acetate extract of the isolated strain demonstrated highly significant (p < 0.05) antimicrobial activity against multi-resistant bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. The absorption spectral analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of the SCJ isolate obtained showed no absorption peaks characteristic of polyene molecules. Moreover, no hemolytic activity against erythrocytes was observed in this extract. GC–MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of the SCJ isolate revealed the presence of 9 volatile compounds including 3,5-Dimethylpyrazole, and pyrrolizidine derivatives (Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine 1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)), which could potentially explain the antimicrobial activity demonstrated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides the first inter-comparison of different state-of-the-art approaches and frameworks that share a commonality in their utilization of satellite remote-sensing data to quantify irrigation at a regional scale. The compared approaches vary in their reliance on either soil moisture or evapotranspiration data or their joint utilization of both. The two compared frameworks either extract irrigation information from residuals between satellite observations and rainfed hydrological models in a baseline framework or use soil water balance modeling in a soil-moisture-based inversion framework. The inter-comparison is conducted over the lower Ebro catchment in Spain where observed irrigation amounts are available for benchmarking. Our results showed that within the baseline framework, the joint approach using both soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET) remote-sensing data only differed by + 37 mm from the irrigation benchmark (922 mm) during the main irrigation season over 2 years and by + 47 and - 208 mm for approaches relying solely on soil moisture and ET, respectively. A comparison of the different frameworks showed that the main advantage of the more complex baseline framework was the consistency between soil moisture and ET components within the hydrological model, which made it unlikely that either one ended up representing all irrigation water use. However, the simplicity of the soil-moisture-based inversion framework, coupled with its direct conversion of soil moisture changes into actual water volumes, effectively addresses the key challenges inherent in the baseline framework, which are associated with uncertainties related to an unknown remote-sensing observation depth and the static depth of the soil layers in a conceptual model. The performance of the baseline framework came closest to the irrigation benchmark and was able to account for the precipitation input, which resulted in more plausible temporal distributions of irrigation than what was expected from the benchmark observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anopheles gambiae and its sibling species Anopheles coluzzii are the most efficient vectors of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. When females of these species feed on an infected human host, oogenesis and parasite development proceed concurrently, but interactions between these processes are not fully understood. Using multiple natural P. falciparum isolates from Burkina Faso, we show that in both vectors, impairing steroid hormone signaling to disrupt oogenesis leads to accelerated oocyst growth and in a manner that appears to depend on both parasite and mosquito genotype. Consistently, we find that egg numbers are negatively linked to oocyst size, a metric for the rate of oocyst development. Oocyst growth rates are also strongly accelerated in females that are in a pre-gravid state, i.e. that fail to develop eggs after an initial blood meal. Overall, these findings advance our understanding of mosquito-parasite interactions that influence P. falciparum development in malaria-endemic regions. Author summary: Malaria, an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, continues to affect millions of people each year. These parasites are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes during blood feeding, which is required by females to produce eggs. After they are ingested by the female, parasites start developing in the midgut at the same time as the mosquito initiates oogenesis, the process of egg development. Here, we investigated how the concomitant processes of egg and parasite development interact in field-derived Anopheles and Plasmodium isolates. We found that in these naturally occurring pairs, oogenesis is negatively linked to parasite development, such that mosquitoes producing fewer eggs harbor faster growing oocysts. Furthermore, when we disrupt signaling pathways that drive oogenesis, oocyst growth is accelerated in a manner that appears to depend on both mosquito and parasite genotype. Additionally, when field mosquitoes fail to develop eggs, they are likely to have faster growing oocysts. The interaction between key mosquito and parasite developmental processes revealed here underscores how intimately linked Plasmodium are to mosquito physiology and can help inform the development of future vector control tools that are both safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermediate species in the assembly of amyloid filaments are believed to play a central role in neurodegenerative diseases and may constitute important targets for therapeutic intervention1,2. However, structural information about intermediate species has been scarce and the molecular mechanisms by which amyloids assemble remain largely unknown. Here we use time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy to study the in vitro assembly of recombinant truncated tau (amino acid residues 297–391) into paired helical filaments of Alzheimer’s disease or into filaments of chronic traumatic encephalopathy3. We report the formation of a shared first intermediate amyloid filament, with an ordered core comprising residues 302–316. Nuclear magnetic resonance indicates that the same residues adopt rigid, β-strand-like conformations in monomeric tau. At later time points, the first intermediate amyloid disappears and we observe many different intermediate amyloid filaments, with structures that depend on the reaction conditions. At the end of both assembly reactions, most intermediate amyloids disappear and filaments with the same ordered cores as those from human brains remain. Our results provide structural insights into the processes of primary and secondary nucleation of amyloid assembly, with implications for the design of new therapies.A time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy analysis provides structural information on the processes of primary and secondary nucleation of tau amyloid formation, with implications for the development of new therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has gained significant recognition as a pivotal contributor to the initiation and advancement of gynecologic cancers, encompassing ovarian, endometrial, cervical, and breast cancers. H19 exhibits a complex array of mechanisms, demonstrating dualistic effects on tumorigenesis as it can function as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor, contingent upon the specific context and type of cancer being investigated. In ovarian cancer, H19 promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance through modulation of key signaling pathways and interaction with microRNAs. Conversely, in endometrial cancer, H19 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Additionally, H19 has been implicated in cervical and breast cancers, where it influences cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion. Moreover, H19 has potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gynecologic cancers, with its expression levels correlating with clinical parameters and patient outcomes. Understanding the functional roles of H19 in gynecologic cancers is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches. Further investigation into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying H19's involvement in gynecologic malignancies is warranted to fully unravel its therapeutic potential and clinical implications. This review aims to elucidate the functional roles of H19 in various gynecologic malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]