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Background and aim: Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability in childhood. Children with cerebral palsy require long-term therapy for achieving improved motor function. It seems to be a need for treatment and training at home. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of "handling training" for caregivers at home on the gross motor function of 15-72 months cerebral palsy children. Materials and Methods: In this experimental single-blinded study, 40 children with cerebral palsy (15-72 months old) were recruited from some of Tehran public or private rehabilitation clinics based on pre-determined inclusion criteria, and after matching for child age, type of clinic referred to (public or private), type of cerebral palsy, IQ score, GMFCS level and number of occupational treatment sessions already provided at the rehabilitation clinic. The children were allocated randomly into intervention and control groups. For data collection, a demographic information questionnaire, gross motor function measurement (GMFM66) test and gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) test were used. Data were collected on three occasions: before the intervention, 1.5 months and 3 months after intervention. For intervention, researchers went to the intervention group's homes and explained educations related to handling for caregivers in a 4-hours session. During 3 months, researchers would follow up to implement the intervention. Data were analyzed by one sample k-S, chi-square, independent sample t test, general linear model and analysis of Covariance. Results: There were significant differences in gross motor function of two groups in 1.5 months and 3 months after intervention than before intervention (p<0.001). There were significant difference in gross motor function improvement in pre-post (1.5 months after intervention) (p=0.006) and pre-follow (3 months after intervention) (p<0.001) between two groups and was greater in the intervention group. Conclusion: Handling training on caregivers in home improves gross motor function in 15-72 months old cerebral palsy children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Family is the center and core of the care. Researchers who work with children with disabilities have shown that effective services are those that are focused on the role of families in treatment. The main aim of this study was to survey an overview of family-centered approach (FCA). Materials and Methods: This study is a review of the national and international databases between 1985 and 2012. Results: Based on the exploration articles and documents, FCA has been advocated across a wide range of professions from health care (physician, nursing, midwifery and etc.), therapy services, early intervention, early childhood education, special and general education. The main essence of FCA includes parental involvement in decision making, collaboration and partnership, mutual respect (family and therapist), acceptance of the family's choices, support, a focus on strengths, individualized and flexible service delivery, information sharing, and empowerment. Conclusion: The FCA is effective, for children, parents, families, and the service provider. It enhances health care and increases family satisfaction of service delivery system. Perhaps due to the lack of sufficient knowledge and education about FCA, lack of educational materials and training in the medical model, there is limitation in implementation of FCA in Iran [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orthometalated complex [Pd(μ-Cl)(C6H5C6H4C(O)CHPPh2C6H4-κ2-C,C)]2 ( 1) was prepared by refluxing in MeOH/CH2Cl2 equimolecular amounts of Pd(OAc)2 and (Ph)3PCHCOC6H4-Ph-4 (=PhBPPY) followed by addition of excess NaCl. Complex 1 reacts with 4-picoline to give the mononuclear derivative [Pd(PhC6H4COCHPPh2C6H4)(4-picoline)] ( 2) whose crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The precursor complex ( 1) could not be isolated in a pure form, but it can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of derivatives of mononuclear cyclo-palladated complexes. Orthometallation and ylide C-coordination in complexes 3– 5 were characterized by elemental analysis as well as various spectroscopic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]