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This paper investigates prosodic and contextual differentiation strategies between preverbal past tense negator neva and adverb never in Hawai'i Creole. It aims to demonstrate differing syntactic restrictions and advocates for treating these words as two distinct morphemes. The analyses are based on phonological data gathered from interviews uploaded onto YouTube by Hawaiiverse, a Local podcast. As demonstrated through spectrogram analyses, HC néva (=ɴᴇᴠᴇʀ) is marked by a stressed accent on its first syllable and prominence on word-initial /n/, whereas neva (=ᴅɪᴅɴ'ᴛ) is marked by a lack of these features under typical circumstances. This suggests that Hawai'i Creole morphophonology depends more on stress-timed features than previously researched (cf. syllable-timed features). Neva-néva ambiguity may arise when stress does not clearly indicate which word is being used, and when context cannot be relied upon to distinguish meaning. By exploring these intricacies, this investigation offers insight into how future researchers may approach analysing other English-lexified creoles (and varieties of English) which also use never as a preverbal past tense negator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In colonial Uruguay black slaves could supervise the work of white creoles and even hold the power to have their wages docked. To most historians this might seem puzzling and almost fictional in the context of the colonial Americas. This article makes sense of the puzzle by examining interactions between the economy and the environment on the Río de la Plata frontier. It argues that the natural world (soils, topography, climate, crops and animals) contributes to explain why this labour system existed, and also why it was efficient, contrary to the historiographical commonplace that enslaved workers would be unable to oversee free labourers effectively. Looking at the experience of both women and men through the lens of gender uncovers the parallels between the authority of these enslaved foremen over free male workers on the open range and their domestic authority over free women, whom they could marry. Their stories invite historians of other places and periods to foreground the environment in the set of structures that can either limit workers' autonomy or give them strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various uses have been made of Fernand Braudel's concept of the longue durée. But the concept does not appear to have ever been used to explain how former African slave populations have become ghettoized. In this paper, I propose to use the concept of the longue durée to make sense of the manner in which a former African slave population in the southwest region of Mauritius has become ghettoized. The most obvious benefit that comes from using the concept is the depth-in-time perspective it adds to studies of low-income housing areas in the region, which allows us to develop a better understanding of the various factors that have contributed to the ghettoization of this population. The other benefit that comes from using the concept of the longue durée is that in encouraging comparisons with different geographical areas, the concept can also help us to specify what is particular or unique to a region. As will become evident from this study, while there is compelling evidence of the increasing ghettoization of low-income housing areas in the southwest region of Mauritius, the paper underlines that the factors contributing to the ghettoization of former African slave populations both in Mauritius and other parts of the world need not be identical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a case study of a definiteness split in a language in which three different types of nominal expressions are available for definite descriptions. The article contributes ample empirical data and comprises a close investigation of the patterns found in Reunion Creole (Réyoné), the language under study. Réyoné displays one kind of contrast also found in other languages which is frequently analyzed in terms of semantic versus pragmatic definiteness (following Löbner) or uniqueness versus familiarity (following Schwarz). What sets Réyoné apart from other languages though, is that it features a determiner that is dedicated to functional concepts. The language thereby distinguishes individual from functional concepts: the former type (the sun; the News) is exclusively expressed by bare noun phrases, while functional concepts – definite descriptions with functional head nouns (prefect of y; head of y), including a subtype of bridging reference, as well as compositionally created functional relations such as superlatives – are realized by lo-marked noun phrases. These facts offer strong support for Löbner's theory. The article also discusses demonstrative descriptions, which have already been reported to play a role in certain definiteness splits, and which are obligatory with sortal concepts in Réyoné. It is argued that demonstratives are pragmatic definites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essays of Deborah Jenson and Chelsea Stieber point the way forward: a closer relationship amongst colleagues in the region, a deep analysis of the foundations that define us and our own way of progressing, as well as a careful look at the structures of national communities and their way of distancing themselves from this relatively hostile global universe. They retain the importance of the local language in getting closer to lived reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vincentian Creole makes a future/non-future temporal distinction on the basis of the categorisation proposed in several studies, according to which languages combining present and future make a past/non-past distinction and those using the same form for past and present make a future/non-future tense opposition. In Vincentian Creole examples of absolute tense, underspecified (or unmarked) predicates do not generally obtain a future interpretation: only readings in the past tense (for dynamic predicates) or the present (for non-dynamic predicates) are available. Thus, predicates in the future tense are unambiguous regardless of the lexical aspect of these predicates, unlike the context of past and present tense interpretations which I explored in my previous column. Evidence from other English-related creoles supports this claim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new Skepi Creole Dutch data from the late-18th century, found in the work of the German scholar Ernst Karl Rodschied. The creole data include pronominal and verbal paradigms, a short 60-word excerpt from a private letter, and around two dozen names for local flora. After briefly introducing Rodschied, we present the data and compare them to the existing Skepi corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the sociolinguistic challenges and explores new perspectives on the evaluation of French competency in creole-speaking communities, particularly in Haiti. Due to the absence of an effective and adaptable French proficiency test in the country, the percentage of Francophones often varies between 5 % and 10 %, and as high as 42 %. This inconsistency may be the result of the assumption that schooling is an effective metric of French proficiency. In this study, I argue that while schooling creates some French speakers, it is not necessarily indicative of French proficiency for all Haitians. In other words, not all Haitians enrolled in schools can count as French speakers. I make three propositions to improve the accuracy of the proportion of French speakers in Haiti: (1) combining schooling with some proficiency instrument to determine French speakers; (2) using an adaptable proficiency test that is based on the salient features that distinguish French from Haitian Creole (Kreyòl); (3) controlling for sociolinguistic varieties such as Frenchified Kreyòl or Kreyòl swa to prevent the miscategorization of monolingual Kreyòl speakers as French speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce speech-language pathologists to the salient characteristic of the creole language of Hawai'i. This language variety is called Hawai'i Creole by linguists, but speakers of the language variety generally call it Pidgin. Conclusions: This tutorial reviews the available literature on this understudied language variety to provide a brief overview of Pidgin's historical development and social context and its clinically salient linguistic features. Suggestions for culturally and linguistically responsive assessment of Pidgin-speaking children as well as suggestions for further reading on Pidgin are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this essay is to analyze the ways in which the development of the casta pictorial genre contributed to the production and stabilization of racializing and racist stereotypes. These racial stereotypes still persist in cultural imaginaries in and about Latin America as part of the long duration of coloniality. Casta painting from New Spain is analyzed here as a pictorial genre and as a colonial discourse in connection with situated social and racial concepts, such as Creole, caste, and calidad. The analysis develops through a dialogue with perspectives from Semiology of Art, Visual studies, Postcolonial studies, and Latin American Critique of Coloniality. In this regard, this essay intends to create a conversation among different disciplines and fields of study in order to develop a complex, transdisciplinary approach to a problem from colonial times: the production and circulation of ethnoracial stereotypes and their impact on social relations, lived experiences, and subjectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standardisation is often touted as the default means to improve attitudes towards minoritised languages and prevent/reverse their obsolescence. However, standardisation can 'tamper' with the indexicalities of minoritised languages, potentially alienating their speakers. Two aspects of standardisation stand out as particularly problematic: the shift from 'ideologies of authenticity' to 'ideologies of anonymity' (Woolard 2016), and the resulting introduction/intensification of prescriptivism (Eckert 1983). Although much literature focuses on the irreconcilable nature of these ideologies, I show that their discursive manifestations are neither clear-cut nor always incompatible. First, I analyse a TV debate on the standardisation of Martinican Creole (MC), in which the fault-line between authenticity and anonymity is blurred and partially overcome. Next, I draw on a Martinican activist's Instagram profile to show how various discursive strategies and a positive take on language variation can help promote MC as an 'anonymous' language without forgoing its 'authenticity' or openly stigmatising spontaneous practices. (Minoritised languages, Creoles, Martinique, maintenance, standardisation, ideologies of authenticity, anonymity, prescriptivism, purism, Abstand) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudio combina conocimientos sociohistóricos y lingüísticos para arrojar luz sobre la naturaleza y el origen del español de Loíza (EL), una variedad afrohispánica hablada en Loíza, Puerto Rico, por los descendientes de los africanos traídos a esta región para trabajar como esclavos durante el período colonial. El presente trabajo analiza la evolución de esta variedad y sus implicaciones para los estudios criollos. Al hacerlo, desafía la postura que presentaría ciertas características contemporáneas del EL y otras variedades afrohispánicas como las huellas de una etapa criolla anterior. Por lo tanto, este artículo contribuye al prolongado "Spanish Creole Debate" (Debate de los Criollos del Español) al proporcionar nueva información sobre una variedad afropuertorriqueña hasta ahora poco estudiada. This study combines sociohistorical and linguistic insights to shed light on the nature and origin of Loíza Spanish (LS), an Afro-Hispanic variety spoken in Loíza, Puerto Rico, by the descendants of Africans brought to this region in colonial times to work as slaves on sugarcane plantations. This paper analyzes the evolution of this variety and its implications for Creole studies. In doing so, it challenges the hypothesis that certain contemporary characteristics of LS and other Afro-Hispanic dialects are traces of an earlier creole stage. Hence, this article contributes to the long-lasting "Spanish Creole Debate" by providing new information on a hitherto understudied Afro-Puerto Rican variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In creole bovine breeds, it is essential to know the change in morphological traits related to the size of the animal; this morphological change is known as allometry. With allometric studies, the function of body structures and their relationship with the performance and survival of breeds and species can be analyzed. The aim of this study was to describe the allometric growth of certain body parts of the Sanmartinero creole bovine breed, from an early age. A total of 79 females with an age range of 0.5 to 10 years were studied. Body measurements were obtained individually: cannon perimeter, thoracic perimeter, body length, withers height, and body weight. Functional and production indices were obtained for animals aged more than 3 years: corporal index, anamorphosis index, dactylo thoracic index, and the relative thickness of the cannon. The correlation between body weight and cannon perimeter did not show any tendency towards a plateau. In other words, in the Sanmartinero bovine, a very early development of the cannon perimeter is detected, which could cause bone fragility in heavier animals. The data suggest a low harmony with appendicular bone development, that is, less robust shaft bones to support body mass. Therefore, the measurement of the thoracic perimeter, the withers height, and the thorax perimeter should be considered in genetic improvement programs of the Sanmartinero creole bovine. The variation in the dimensions of the body of living beings in relation to their size, function, or shape is known as allometry. Allometry studies allow the analysis of the function of body structures and their relationship with the performance and survival of breeds and species. The aim of this study was to describe the ontogenetic characteristics of the weight of certain bone elements of the Sanmartinero creole bovine breed, from an early age (6 months) until maturity. A total of 79 females of the Sanmartinero creole bovine breed with an age range of 0.5 to 10 years were studied. Body measurements were obtained individually using standard procedures: cannon perimeter, thoracic perimeter, body length, withers height, and body weight. Functional and production indices were obtained for animals aged more than 3 years (n = 53): corporal index, anamorphosis index, dactylo thoracic index, and the relative thickness of the cannon. The correlation between body weight and the cannon perimeter showed no trend towards a plateau. In the Sanmartinero creole bovine, therefore, a very early development of the cannon perimeter is detected, which could lead to bone fragility in heavier animals. Therefore, data suggest little harmony with appendicular bone development, i.e., with less robust cannons which are those necessary to support body mass. It is suggested that in genetic improvement programs of the Sanmartinero creole bovine, the measurement of the cannon perimeter, the withers height, and the thoracic perimeter should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the productive performance and forage consumption (Trifolium repens L.) of Mexican Creole and Sasso chickens, under two rearing systems (confinement or grazing). Design/Methodology/Approach: One-hundred twenty-eight chickens (64 Mexican Creole (MC) and 64 Sasso (S)) of 35 d of age were randomly distributed in two production systems to obtain four repetitions (eight chickens per repetition) of each of the following genotype × system combinations: Mexican Creole in grazing, Mexican Creole in confinement, Sasso in grazing, and Sasso in confinement. A completely randomized experimental design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement was used, with genotype and production system as its main factors. The following variables were evaluated: feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion. Additionally, forage consumption in grazing birds was determined. Results: The productive performance variables were not affected by the production system factors or by its interaction with the bird genotype. However, the genotype did influence the variables considered: the Sasso birds recorded better values (p≤0.05) than Mexican Creole specimens. Regarding forage consumption, no differences were observed (p≤0.05) between bird genotypes and, in both cases, the accumulated consumption at the 49 d of study was close to 60 g of DM. Study Limitations/Implications: It is necessary to carry out a socioeconomic study as well as a defoliation level analysis with the aim of improving the use of the resource. Findings/Conclusions: Mexican Creole birds had a lower productive performance with a similar forage consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The verbal suffix ‑(a)bad is a frequent form in Australian Kriol and is well attested across all described varieties of the language. Despite the prevalence of this suffix, its precise semantics have so far gone undescribed in the literature. In this article, we present a semantic analysis of this suffix, drawing on data from a variety of Kriol spoken in the north-east Kimberley region of Western Australia. We argue that the diverse set of readings associated with ‑(a)bad can be best unified under an analysis of this form as a marker of verbal plurality (i.e. pluractionality). The suffix derives a set of plural events from a modified verb stem, which then interacts with aspect and argument structure to produce a wide range of readings, particularly readings of temporal, participant, and spatial plurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper investigates how and whether speakers of endangered languages employ variation as a stylistic resource to make social meaning and index their identities. The study is set in historically Creole-speaking communities in rural Louisiana, which have now shifted almost completely to English. The Americanization of Louisiana induced language shift, but also a shift to the Anglo-American racial binary which supplanted local constructs of ethnicity and race. The study crafts a historical-sociolinguistic account of this process of Americanization, examining how linguistic differentiation was enacted through the enregisterment of iconic 'Creole'/'French' variants as indexical links to the 'Black'/'White' racial binary. Today, to a very limited extent, some speakers of Louisiana Creole still consider some variants socially meaningful and employ them to stylistic ends. This depends especially on racial identity and the variant in question. Subject pronouns retain some indexical value, occasionally employed stylistically by speakers racialized as White. However, front vowel rounding has fossilized: highly meaningful in the early-20th century, its social meaning has been lost resulting in synchronic personal-pattern variation. The paper ends by trying to reconcile classic studies of Language Death with contemporary variationist critique, answering recent calls for more nuanced approaches to sociolinguistic variation in threatened languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project proposes an innovative approach to the history of French by replacing the 'tunnel vision' (Watts/Trudgill 2002) which characterizes the vast majority of studies of 'Classical French' by a wider approach, based on an extraordinarily valuable source, i.e. the 'Prize Papers'. The Prize Papers are a collection which includes 50,000 undelivered private French letters, confiscated between 1652 and 1815 during the frequent military conflicts between France and England. The documents are held by the National Archives of the United Kingdom in London, and are remnants of the privateering era, a longstanding legitimate activity of capturing enemy ships. These countless captured letters are becoming known to historians, who have recognized them as an invaluable source of information on the period in question, but have so far attracted little attention from linguists, even those focusing on diachrony. The MACINTOSH project is the first French initiative to explore this collection, and aims to show how the alternative data provided by these private documents can broaden the scope and fill the gaps left by traditional historical linguistics. The research focuses on the first French colonial era, shedding new light on the dynamics and mechanisms that led to the French and Creole varieties existing in America and the Indian Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In 1783, Marie Antoinette shocked the French public with a portrait that depicted her in a thin, white muslin dress. Although later known (because of its connection to the queen) as the chemise a la reine , the dress was originally described as a " robe à la creole " in her diary and was inspired by the gowns worn by the wives of plantation owners in the French Caribbean. This article investigates the "creole" origins, makers, and wearers of this garment in the British and French Caribbean, arguing that it was not only the product of the labors of enslaved and free Caribbean women of color, but that their parallel interactions with the robe also worked to disrupt and subvert the racist neoclassical connotations that came to surround the dress in Europe. Moving back and forth between Europe and the Caribbean, this essay explores how the dissemination of fashion was not a one-directional flow from the metropole to its colonies, but rather part of a wider network of circulation and dialogue between the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este artículo argumenta que la estética del desequilibrio de La vorágine de José Eustasio Rivera señala la imposibilidad de disciplinar la acumulación de capital por medio de la escritura. A lo largo del siglo XIX, los criollos imaginaron que el dinero y la letra, guiados por la mano invisible, serían capaces de administrar la rebelde materia americana y convertirla armoniosamente en valores de cambio. En oposición a este dogma liberal, la experimentación formal de la novela de Rivera, publicada en los eufóricos años 20, sugiere que el capitalismo no es un sistema balanceado como argumentan sus apologistas, sino un turbulento remolino caracterizado por su volatilidad. El inestable diario de Arturo Cova parodia los futuros prometidos por los prospectos financieros y evidencia los límites del capital al mostrar que este, incluso cuando se desata con más severidad, se topa con una materialidad que se niega tercamente a dejarse reducir a una unidad de cuenta abstracta. Este artículo argumenta que la estética del desequilibrio de la Vorágine de José Eustasio Rivera señala la imposibilidad de disciplinar la acumulación de capital por medio de la escritura. A lo largo del siglo XIX, los criollos imaginaron que el dinero y la letra, guiados por la mano invisible, serían capaces de administrar la rebelde materia americana y convertirla armoniosamente en valores de cambio. En oposición a este dogma liberal, la experimentación formal de la novela de Rivera, publicada en los eufóricos años 1920, sugiere que el capitalismo no es un sistema balanceado como argumentan sus apologistas, sino un turbulento remolino caracterizado por su volatilidad. El inestable diario de Arturo Cova parodia los futuros prometidos por los prospectos financieros y evidencia los límites del capital al mostrar que este, incluso cuando se desata con más severidad, se topa con una materialidad que se niega tercamente a dejarse reducir a una unidad de cuenta abstracta. This article argues that the aesthetic of disequilibrium that distinguishes José Eustasio Rivera's La vorágine points to the impossibility of disciplining capital through writing. Throughout the 1800s, criollos imagined that money and letters, guided by the invisible hand, would be able to administer America's rebel matter and turn it harmoniously into exchange values. In contrast to this dogma, the formal experiment of Rivera's novel, published in the bullish decade of the 1920s, suggests that capitalism is not a balanced system like its apologists claim, but rather a turbulent vortex characterized by its volatility. Arturo Cova's unstable diary parodies the futures promised by financial prospectuses and reminds us of the limits of capital by showing that, even when deployed most recklessly, it still encounters matters that stubbornly refuse to let themselves be reduced to an abstract unit of accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Haitian Creole version of the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE). A total of 256 adult survivors of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti completed the Brief RCOPE and measures of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, resilience, general coping, and posttraumatic growth. The results showed the Brief RCOPE to have excellent internal consistency reliability α =.94 and α =.85 for the positive religious coping and negative religious coping, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis showed construct validity for the Brief RCOPE subscales. The results also showed evidence of convergent validity of the Brief RCOPE in relation to measures of positive spiritual change and religion. Independent t-tests revealed statistically significant gender differences in scores on the positive religious coping subscales as women scored higher than men. These findings suggest that the psychometric properties of the Haitian Creole version of the Brief RCOPE are adequate for the assessment of religious coping with Haitian adults exposed to a natural disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article corrects major historiographical flaws concerning Louisiana's early relationship with the United States and argues the federal tariff was the most critical factor influencing state reconciliation. Leading Louisiana historians like Peter Kastor concur that slavery inspired French-speaking Creole planters to embrace U.S. citizenship. Their consensus further holds that Creole commitment to slavery crystalized their national cultural acceptance. However, Creole planters shared far more with Caribbean slaveholders than those in the American South. Throughout Louisiana's early territorial and statehood years, slavery bolstered animosity between Anglo-Americans and Creoles. The former viewed Creoles through a racist lens and remained wary of their slave-related cultural practices, like openly acknowledging mixed-race relationships. The latter feared that English-speaking migrants would undermine their legal hegemony and inspire insurrection. Though slavery impeded Louisiana unity, the federal tariff did more than anything else to foster it. Throughout the 1820s, Creole planters became reliant on federal sugar protections to alleviate competition. Thus, the tariff gave Creoles a considerable incentive to embrace national political identities. Louisiana's redoubtable statesman Edward Livingston was particularly instrumental in promoting reconciliation on both sides. Before becoming Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State, the exiled New Yorker spent decades representing his adopted state's culturally divergent Creoles. When South Carolina triggered the Nullification Crisis in 1832-1833, Livingston spoke with Louisiana's unique perspective and eloquently guided Jackson's response which deftly balanced federalism's necessities with states' rights concerns. Thus, through the tariff, Louisiana not only embraced its new American identity, but the government employed Louisiana's voice to preserve the Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the social categorization of mixed-race Sierra Leoneans of African and European descent by European colonial authorities in colonial Sierra Leone. Furthermore, this article analyzes the agency of mixed-race Sierra Leoneans to self-identify as Sierra Leoneans and later as Creoles and "mulattoes" between 1831 and 1931 in the Colony of Sierra Leone. Although some scholars of multiracial populations have previously argued that European colonizers were the determinants of identity and status in colonial settings, as historians such as Ann Stoler have argued, colonial authorities did not easily draw these artificial colonial categories. In an anti-slavery colony in which mixed-race people formed a segment of the intermediary proxy group between Europeans and the autochthonous population, the identity and status of mixed-race Sierra Leoneans were negotiated between the European colonial social categorization of mixedrace people and the agency of mixed-race people to determine their identity. This article examines the cultural similarities between mixed-race and non-mixed-race Sierra Leoneans that contributed to the amalgamation of both groups into the emergent Creole ethnicity between the middle to late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By focusing on subaltern perspectives and the practices of colonial Sierra Leoneans, this article assesses the attempts of European colonial authorities to categorize mixed-race Sierra Leoneans and the agency of mixed-race Sierra Leoneans to determine their identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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'Creole', or domestically birthed, anticommunisms came in many different flavours and are in need of deeper investigation to understand how they responded to local conditions. This study examines one case from Ecuador where political leaders eagerly manipulated an anticommunist agenda to advance their own partisan prospects in ways that were distinct from the United States government's global geopolitical concerns. Conservatives had their own motivations, which sometimes paralleled with and at other times came into conflict with those of larger political powers. These 'creole anticommunisms' could be more aggressive than those of United States officials, even as they served other purposes. [q]TQ3[/q] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduplication has a strong presence in creoles and expanded Pidgins. It has been studied for the several grammatical functions it performs in these languages. The present study is based on morphopragmatics theory, and explores reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin with the goal of identifying the pragmatic meanings it conveys. To achieve this, we analysed data from Wazobia FM, a Nigerian Pidgin-based radio station in Nigeria. The analysis process involved interviews and a focus group discussion with native informants. Our results show that in addition to more prototypical iconic meanings, some categories of reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin convey secondary meanings that are often heavily pragmatically and pejoratively charged, and which speakers strategically use to mark in-group and out-group associations, as well as to neutralize or attenuate the inherent negative meanings of the simplex forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the evolution of languages, specifically addressing the debate between the vertical Stammbaum model (based on language inheritance) and the horizontal wave model (based on diffusion). It explores efforts to reconcile these models using the mycelial network metaphor and highlights the absence of contact languages, such as Pidgins and Creoles, from historical linguistics datasets.

The purpose of this study is to account for the functions of reduplication Nigerian Pidgin in a more comprehensive way than in previous work, by shifting the focus away from de-contextualized assignments of unitary meaning, and toward a full range of context-sensitive readings. The data for the study come from Wazobia FM radio programmes, as well as interviews and focus group discussions with native speakers of the language. Reduplication is attested in word classes such as ideophones, adverbs, numerals, adjectives, nouns, verbs and pronouns in Nigerian Pidgin. Using a version of the prototype theory elaborated by Lakoff and other Cognitive linguists, I represent the various readings of reduplicative constructions for each word class as radial categories, and show that both central and peripheral meanings are attested, and are indeed motivated by varying degrees of family resemblance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem discussed in the article is the emergence of the autonomous literary system on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, a former Portuguese slave emporium, as well as coffee and cocoa producing colony. Several concurrent narrations concerning the emergence of the Santomense literary system are presented. One of them accentuates the groundbreaking role of a particular institution, Casa dos Estudantes do Império; other narrations inscribe the literature of the tiny archipelago in a larger system of Portuguese-speaking literature (Lusophony). The author of the present article postulates a radical enlargement of the chronological and cultural perspective, including the legacy of the Angolars (rebellious slaves) and their collective awareness in the genesis of the local literary tradition, in parity with such elements as the legacy of the Portuguese colonizers and free Creole social groups (Forros). It could be a way of overcoming the Eurocentric "chronopolitics" that remained valid also in the postcolonial studies, associating the decolonial processes, on the one hand, with the metropolis as a place where the decolonial thought took shape, and on the other, with the chronology, rhythms, and trends of its literary evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Antropología Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicoperspectivas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Escuela de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Francophone Studies is the property of Intellect Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on an extensive documentary database, this study charts the evolution of the slave market in seventeenth-century Guadalajara. The case of colonial Guadalajara offers a fascinating contrast to the better-known markets of Mexico City, Puebla, and Veracruz. Contrary to what happened in those cities, the local slave trade to Guadalajara peaked after 1640. Slavery thus remained significant for the economy of the region until at least the beginning of the eighteenth century. The study shows how the slave market of Guadalajara transitioned from more enslaved Africans being sold at the beginning of the century to mostly American-born slaves sold at the end of the period; from mostly enslaved negros sold to a majority of enslaved mulatos; and from more enslaved men being sold at the beginning of the century to more enslaved women sold at the end. These processes happened in the midst of gradually decreasing slave prices across the whole period. By shifting away the focus from Central Mexico to a lesser-known place, this article nuances our understanding of the transatlantic slave trade to Mexico and offers a reinterpretation of the history of colonial Guadalajara's slave market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the populations of French Guiana have, since the colonization period until today, inhabited the coast, in particular the cheniers close to the coast, whereas these spaces are subject to intense changes—colonization and destruction of the mangrove ecosystem, erosion, modification of the estuaries—which have significant consequences for living conditions and access to natural resources. The interdisciplinary approach brought together historians, geographers, geomorphologists, ecologists and anthropologists. Three contrasted areas were studied: Awala-Yalimapo, a Kali'na Amerindian village located at the Maroni estuary, the savannas region, between Sinnamary and Iracoubo where the Creole peasantry flourished, and finally, the particular case of the city of Kourou, built from the 1960s by the sea to house the engineers and technicians of the Guiana Space Center. This paper aims to propose a reflection on mobility and adaptability of the traditional habitat of the Amerindian and Creole populations, based on the collective appropriation of the land, and what could be described as a light approach to development. On the contrary, Kourou was built with a relationship to the sea largely imported from metropolitan France at a time when private property became the norm in French Guiana. The city is now facing serious erosion problems. As we question how to inhabit the coastline at a time when global change is likely to bring rapid transformations, knowing this history can be a valuable source of reflection for future coastal management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the debate on the ontological status of creoles and mixed languages by analyzing the Berbice Dutch language formation underlying assumptions of the two-stage genesis scenario proposed by the authors. Topics include differences between traditional languages and contact languages, including pidgins, creoles, and intertwined languages; and consequence of prior pidginhood resulting in a relative lack of grammatical complexity compared to traditional languages.

Berbice Dutch was a creole language spoken in the Republic of Guyana in South America, a country first under Dutch, and later under British colonial rule. Owing mainly to Silvia Kouwenberg (A grammar of Berbice Dutch Creole, De Gruyter Mouton, 1994), we were blessed with a detailed synchronic documentation of Berbice Dutch before its demise. However, the formation of the language remains clouded in mystery: its grammar and (basic) lexicon display a seemingly unique mixture of Dutch (Creole) and Eastern Ijo, as a result of which the language is often portrayed as a challenge to existing contact-linguistic theory. In this paper, a scenario is proposed that, rather than challenging the said theory, is fully grounded in it: it will be argued that the language was a case of serial glottogenesis: a first stage of creolisation was later followed by language mixing. The paper furthermore presents hitherto unknown historical data pertaining to the arrival of Ijo speakers in Berbice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on rise of travel writing reached the Creole elites of Latin America and prominent Latin American intellectuals to idealize the American nation. It mentions category that has marked the political and cultural identities in modern societies and importance of understanding the nation as a community politics imagined as inherently limited and sovereign. It also mentions continental territory and culture were generally linked to liberal ideology and vestiges of colonial system.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the dynamics of interracial sexual relationships in the Colony of Sierra Leone during the era of the new imperialism between 1870 and 1914. Although British anxieties about interracial sexual relationships and mixed-race progeny were evident before the era of the new imperialism, it was in the late nineteenth century that British imperial and colonial authorities created more rigid racial hierarchies that hardened the delineations between colonisers, intermediary proxy groups, and the colonised. However, it was not only Europeans who disapproved of interracial sex during the new imperialism, and the adoption of a Victorian sexual ethos and cultural nationalism among the Creole population contributed to their social disapproval of interracial sex. These attitudes had an impact on race relations that resulted in the clandestine nature of interracial sex in colonial Sierra Leone from the late nineteenth century and the shame attached to mixed-race ancestry in colonial society. This article examines the shifting attitudes of social disapproval towards interracial sexual relationships displayed by both Europeans and Creoles in colonial Sierra Leone and analyses the impact these attitudes had on the dynamics of interracial sexual relationships and on the mixed-race heritage of the Creole ethnic group during the era of the new imperialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Modern Language Review is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Medicina Veterinaria is the property of Revista de Medicina Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)