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This paper analyzes the relationship between deep sedimentary fluxes and ocean current vertical velocities in an offshore area of the Ionian Sea, the deepest basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Sediment trap data are collected at 500 m and 2800 m depth in two successive moorings covering the period September 1999-May 2001. A tight coupling is observed between the upper and deep traps and the estimated particle sinking rates are more than 200 m day-1. The current vertical velocity field is computed from a 1/16°x 1/16° Ocean General Circulation Model simulation and from the wind stress curl. Current vertical velocities are larger and more variable than Ekman vertical velocities, yet the general patterns are alike. Current vertical velocities are generally smaller than 1 m day-1: we therefore exclude a direct effect of downward velocities in determining high sedimentation rates. However we find that upward velocities in the subsurface layers of the water column are positively correlated with deep particle fluxes. We thus hypothesize that upwelling would produce an increase in upper ocean nutrient levels - thus stimulating primary production and grazing - a few weeks before an enhanced vertical flux is found in the sediment traps. High particle sedimentation rates may be attained by means of rapidly sinking fecal pellets produced by gelatinous macro-zooplankton. Other sedimentation mechanisms, such as dust deposition, are also considered in explaining large pulses of deep particle fluxes. The fast sinking rates estimated in this study might be an evidence of the efficiency of the biological pump in sequestering organic carbon from the surface layers of the deep Eastern Mediterranean basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the relationship between deep sedimentary fluxes and ocean current vertical velocities in an offshore area of the Ionian Sea, the deepest basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Sediment trap data are collected at 500 m and 2800 m depth in two successive moorings covering the period September 1999-May 2001. A tight coupling is observed between the upper and deep traps and the estimated particle sinking rates are higher than 200 m day-1. The current vertical velocity field is computed from a high resolution Ocean General Circulation Model simulation and from the wind stress curl. Current vertical velocities are larger and more variable than Ekman vertical velocities, yet the general patterns are alike. Current vertical velocities are generally smaller than 1 m day-1: we therefore exclude a direct effect of downward velocities in determining high sedimentation rates. However, we find that upward velocities in the subsurface layers of the water column are positively correlated with deep particle fluxes. We thus hypothesize that upwelling would produce an increase in upper ocean nutrient levels — thus stimulating primary production and grazing — a few weeks before an enhanced vertical flux is found in the sediment traps. By analyzing the delayed effects of ocean vertical velocities on deep particle fluxes we envisage a spectrum of particle sinking speeds ranging from about 100 m day-1 to more than 200 m day-1. High particle sedimentation rates may be attained by means of rapidly 20 sinking fecal pellets produced by gelatinous macro-zooplankton. Other sedimentation mechanisms, such as dust deposition, are also considered in explaining large pulses of deep particle fluxes. The fast sinking rates estimated in this study might be an evidence of the efficiency of the biological pump in sequestering organic carbon from the surface layers of the deep Eastern Mediterranean basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of the Vector National Italian Project (VulCost line), aimed to study the role of the morphology and the geology of the Ionian Calabrian margin in the coastline evolution, an oceanographic cruise was planned to collect geophysical data along two canyon systems: Caulonia and Marina di Gioiosa. The survey explored the continental shelf and slope from a depth of 15 m to more than 1150 m, using Multibeam Echosounder to investigate the seafloor topography. This work provides an outline of the erosive feature of the slope, shaped mostly by seasonal river input and by the connection to the structural and geological characteristics of the margin, made interesting by a narrow shelf and steep slope and influenced by a recent Quaternary tectonic, cause of the crustal regional seismicity. The collected data allowed us to perform a first characterisation of the geo-morphological peculiarities of the study area, constituting the base for the evaluation of the coastal zone evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viral and prokaryote abundance were investigated in a deep-hypersaline anoxic basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (DHAB Atalante basin atc. 3000 m depth). This system was compared with two nearby deep-sea sites characterized by oxic conditions. Viral abundance and virus to prokaryote abundance ratio in hypersaline anoxic sediments displayed values close to those reported in oxic sites. The analysis of vertical profiles of viral abundance in the Atalante basin revealed the lack of significant changes with depth in the sediment, suggesting that benthic viruses in these anoxic and hypersaline conditions are preserved or resistant to decay. The anoxic basin displayed also very high concentrations of labile organic components (proteins and lipids) and extracellular DNA. These findings suggest that the DHAB sediments represent a reservoir for long-term preservation of benthic viruses and nucleic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]