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We describe a case of bilateral spontaneous corneal perforation secondary to pellucid marginal degeneration and present the associated swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT) findings and management principles used. A 47-year-old woman presented with ocular pain, redness, foreign body sensation and clear discharge in the right eye in 2017 and with very similar symptoms in 2019 in the left eye. Clinically she had a corneal perforation at the inferior cornea with associated loss of anterior chamber volume. Corneal topography demonstrated peripheral thinning and steepening in the contralateral eye. ASOCT images revealed full-thickness perforation, iridocorneal touch and iris stranding. The patient was managed with a combination of contact bandaging and corneal gluing. SS-ASOCT is a useful adjunctive tool in the clinical assessment and evaluation of spontaneous corneal perforation. Alongside the clinical evaluation, it can be used to monitor the clinical response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the essentials of fundoscopy including direct ophthalmoscopy, the initial steps of fundoscopy, and the red reflex.

This paper presents the industrial experience of applying an approach to Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) Analysis that combines analysis and measurement to support a newly developed embedded microprocessor. It outlines an effective method that provides robust results to support certification requirements and offers additional business advantages. The approach outlined in this paper is shown to have been made possible through the use of a highly-structured software architecture, reuse of existing test cases, careful hardware design and use of a Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) toolset: RapiTime provided by Rapita Systems Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To compare the cost and effectiveness of the two most popular forms of eye care in intensive care, ocular lubricant (Lacrilube) and polyacrylamide hydrogel dressings (Geliperm); for the prevention of exposure keratopathy in the critically ill. A prospective randomised contralateral eye study was conducted at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Royal London Hospital, London, UK. Eighty eyes of 40 patients were recruited. Each patient received both Lacrilube and Geliperm allocated at random to different sides. A daily ophthalmology ward round was conducted. The outcome measures included the greatest palpebral aperture length, conjunctival oedema, and any exposure keratopathy. There was no statistically significant difference in the maximum corneal exposure score between the eyes treated with Lacrilube and Geliperm ( P = 0.38). No significant difference in degree of chemosis or palpebral aperture was identified. Our data suggest that Geliperm is as effective as Lacrilube in the prevention of exposure keratopathy in the critically ill. We also note that nursing staff must be fully trained in its application for eye care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The language of causation is natural for the specification of requirements for complex systems. The paper provides a vocabulary of causal specification expressions, suitable for describing and analysing such systems. The notation is given a syntax and partial semantics. It covers many of the commonly used modes of causal language including necessary and sufficient cause, prevention and enabling conditions. The concept of condition splitting is introduced, enabling a specification at an abstract level to treat two conditions as identical, while a concrete refinement of it may view them as separate. A number of other issues are examined, including: repetitive, probabilistic and hidden causes; causal agents; the validation of causal descriptions; and concurrency. Possible approaches to development of causal specifications are discussed. The work is placed in the context of related work in artificial intelligence and philosophy. The detailed framework of the paper is supported by a realistic example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on eye problems and ophthalmic diseases afflicting cartoon characters. Such ophthalmic conditions include levator disinsertion, which is characterized as having droopy eyes, unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, which is described with painful and sudden anterior luxation of the globe, pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis, and high myopia. The clinical manifestations of each condition are described, along with how they affect everyday life. The article also discusses the therapeutic approaches for each condition. The authors also explain the implications of such diseases for medical care in Great Britain.

A correction to the article "Randomised Trial Comparing Ocular Lubricants and Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Dressings in the Prevention of Exposure Keratopathy in the Critically Ill" that was published in the November 12, 2008 issue is presented.

Presents a letter to the editor published in the February 2004 issue of the journal "Intensive Care Medicine," which emphasizes on the assessment of corneal epitheliopathy in the critically ill.