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The aim of this scoping study was to evaluate the survival rate and nature of tissue formed inside root canals of human immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps ( NIPT) under root canal revascularization ( RCR). The search was performed in SciVerse Scopus®, PubMed/ MEDLINE, Web of Science®, BIREME and in the grey literature up to November 2015. The keywords were selected using Me SH terms and DECs. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O' Malley's framework. From 375 studies that were evaluated, 75 were included. A total of 367 NIPT were submitted to RCR, from which only 21 needed further endodontic treatment. The weighted mean follow-up time was 17.6 months. The data were derived mainly from case reports (69%) or small case series (15%). Na OCl [0.5-6%] was applied as the disinfecting solution in almost all studies. Triple antibiotic paste was as effective as Ca( OH)2 as on intracanal medicament. De novo tissue was cementum and poorly mineralized bone positive to bone sialoprotein ( BSP) but negative to dentine sialoprotein ( DSP). Failures were associated mainly with reinfection of the root canal. The majority of included studies reported a significant increase in both root length and width. However, as most of these data came from case reports, they must be interpreted with care, as most were focused on treatment successes (not failures). Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials comparing RCR with available apexification treatments are needed to address this gap in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stem cell-based therapy ( SC- BT) is emerging as an alternative for endodontic therapies. The interaction between stem cells and scaffolds plays a crucial role in the generation of a 'friendly cell' microenvironment. The aim of this systematic review was to explore techniques applied to regenerate the pulp-dentine complex tissue using SC- BT. An electronic search into the SciVerse Scopus ( SS), ISI Web Science ( IWS) and Entrez PubMed ( EP) using specific keywords was performed. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were predetermined. The search yielded papers, out of which full-text papers were included in the final analyses. Data extraction pooled the results in four main topics: (a) influence of the chemical properties of the scaffolds over cell behaviour; (b) influence of the physical characteristics of scaffolds over cell behaviour; (c) strategies applied to improve the stem cell/scaffold interface; and (d) influence of cue microenvironment on stem cell differentiation towards odontoblast-like cells and pulp-like tissue formation. The relationship between the scaffolds, the environment and the growth factors released from dentine are critical for de novo pulp tissue regeneration. The preconditioning of dentine walls with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( EDTA) was imperative for successful pulp-dentine complex regeneration. An analyses of the grouped results revealed that pulp regeneration was an attainable goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conde MCM, Nedel F, Campos VF, Smith AJ, Nör JE, Demarco FF, Tarquinio SB. Odontoblast RNA stability in different temperature-based protocols for tooth storage. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 266-272, 2012. Abstract Aim To evaluate the effect of four tooth storage temperature-based methods on quality of RNA obtained from cells retrieved from human dental pulps and human pre-dentine. Methodology RNA was isolated from dental pulp tissue and from cells retrieved by scraping the pre-dentine of freshly extracted human third molars ( n = 15) using TRIzol® reagent. Teeth were randomly assigned to the following temperature conditions: immediate RNA isolation after tooth extraction, liquid nitrogen (24 h), −80 °C (24 h), 20 °C (24 h) and 4 °C (6 h). RNA integrity was checked by the density of 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA. RT-PCR was used to analyse the expression of odontoblast makers (DSPP, DMP1 and MEPE) and the housekeeping gene GAPDH. Results All experimental conditions evaluated preserved RNA integrity. The three odontoblastic markers were amplified from the pulp tissue and from the cells associated with pre-dentine. Conclusion The four storage options allowed RNA isolation for RT-PCR analysis. These findings may facilitate the use of clinically derived human dental pulp and odontoblasts for endodontic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim, To compare and contrast two colorimetric assays used for the measurement of proliferation using two dental pulp cell types: dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPF). Methodology, Dental pulp stem cells or HDPF were seeded at 0.25 · 104 cells per well in 96-well plates. Cell proliferation was evaluated after 24–72 h. At the end of the experimental period, the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay or a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay was performed. Optical densities were determined in a microplatereader (Genius; TECAN). Data were analysed by Student’s t-test (comparison between cell types) and one-way anova followed by Tukey test (time-point intervals). Pearson’ correlation tests were performed to compare the two assays for each cell line. Results, Both assays showed that DPSC had higher proliferation rates than HDPF. A positive significant correlation between the two colorimetric assays tested for both cell types DPSC (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.847; P < 0.05) and HDPF (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.775; P < 0.05). Conclusion, Both tests demonstrated similar trends of cell proliferation, and thus are both appropriate for the evaluation of DPSC and HDPF. The choice of assay is therefore one of the practical applications. SRB stained plates can be dried and stored so may have utility in laboratories where data may require review or when access to analytical equipment is limited. WST-1 assays have the benefit of both ease and speed and may have utility in laboratories requiring either high throughput or rapid analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]