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Background The mainstay of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control is repeated mass drug administration (MDA) of anthelmintics to endemic populations. Individual longitudinal compliance treatment patterns are important for identifying pockets of infected individuals who remain untreated and serve as infection reservoirs. Methods The Geshiyaro Project censused the study population in Wolaita, Ethiopia at baseline in 2018. Individual longitudinal compliance was recorded for six rounds of community-wide MDA (cMDA). The probability distribution of treatment frequency was analysed by age and gender stratifications. Probabilities of transmission interruption for different compliance patterns were calculated using an individual-based stochastic model of Ascaris lumbricoides transmission. Results The never-treated (0.42%) population was smaller than expected from a random positive binomial distribution. The observed compliance frequency was well described by the beta-binomial distribution. Preschool-age children (odds ratio [OR] 10.1 [95% confidence interval {CI} 6.63 to 15.4]) had the highest never-treated proportion of the age groups. Conversely, school-age children (SAC) and adults (OR 1.03 [95% CI 0.98 to 1.09]) had the highest always-treated proportion of the age groups. Conclusions The study reports the largest dataset of individual longitudinal compliance to cMDA for STH control. Clear pattens are shown in the age-dependent distribution of individual compliance behaviour. The impact of compliance on the probability of elimination is significant, highlighting the importance of recording the full frequency distribution, not just the never-treated proportion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamental solutions (Green's functions) to Grad's steady-state linearised 13-moment equations for non-equilibrium gas flows are derived. The creeping microscale gas flows, to which they pertain, are important to understanding the behaviour of atmospheric particulate and the performance of many potential micro/nano technologies. Fundamental solutions are also derived for the regularised form of the steady-state linearised 13-moment equations, due to Struchtrup & Torrilhon (Phys. Fluids, vol. 15 (9), 2003, pp. 2668-2680). The solutions are compared to their classical and ubiquitous counterpart: the Stokeslet. For an illustration of their utility, the fundamental solutions to Grad's equations are implemented in a linear superposition approach to modelling external flows. Such schemes are mesh free, and benefit from not having to truncate and discretise an infinite three-dimensional domain. The high accuracy of the technique is demonstrated for creeping non-equilibrium gas flow around a sphere, for which an analytical solution exists for comparison. Finally, to demonstrate the method's geometrical flexibility, the flow generated between adjacent spheres held at a fixed uniform temperature difference is explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]