Search

Established by student activists in the 1960s, Project Community in the Department of Sociology at the University of Michigan (U-M), Ann Arbor, is one of the longest-running community-engaged learning programs in the country. Community-engaged learning courses like Project Community have been identified by the American Association of Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) as a high-impact educational practice because they allow for simultaneous learning in the classroom and community (AAC&U 2022). This paper explores how Project Community utilizes various pedagogical approaches grounded in liberatory and social justice education to provide U-M students with the opportunity to learn how to engage in mutually beneficial, respectful, and ethical relationships with community members. The structure of this two-course sequence is described and examples of experiential activities are provided so that instructors can gain insights into how students can apply their sociological lens to real world experiences. Data from teaching evaluations and post-course surveys from Fall 2019–2022 are included to explore how Project Community has increased students' awareness of their positionality in society, deepened their understanding of social inequalities, and strengthened their commitment to social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sugar and NNS consumption with body fat percentage in young adults. 524 college students were asked to complete the Web-based National Institutes of Health (NIH) Diet History Questionnaire II and had their body fat percentage measured using a bioelectrical impedance analysis scale. One-fourth of the participants were classified as overfat/obese and of those overfat or obese, 49% of them were African American. Overfat/obese participants consumed significantly more sugar than the heathy group and the underfat group (p < 0.001). Saccharin consumption was significantly higher in the overfat/obese group compare to the underfat and normal groups (p < 0.001). The odds of becoming overfat/obese increased 1.2 times for excessive total sugar consumption (95% CI: 1.0-1.8, p < 0.05). Excessive sugar and saccharin consumption were associated with higher body fat percentage in young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic dysfunction and excess accumulation of adipose tissue are detrimental side effects from breast cancer treatment. Diet and physical activity are important treatments for metabolic abnormalities, yet patient compliance can be challenging during chemotherapy treatment. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a feasible dietary pattern where eating is restricted to 8 h/d with water-only fasting for the remaining 16 h. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a multimodal intervention consisting of TRE, healthy eating, and reduced sedentary time during chemotherapy treatment for early-stage (I–III) breast cancer on accumulation of visceral fat (primary outcome), other fat deposition locations, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk (secondary outcomes) compared with usual care. The study will be a two-site, two-arm, parallel-group superiority randomised control trial enrolling 130 women scheduled for chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. The intervention will be delivered by telephone, including 30–60-minute calls with a registered dietitian who will provide instructions on TRE, education and counselling on healthy eating, and goal setting for reducing sedentary time. The comparison group will receive usual cancer and supportive care including a single group-based nutrition class and healthy eating and physical activity guidelines. MRI, blood draws and assessment of blood pressure will be performed at baseline, after chemotherapy (primary end point), and 2-year follow-up. If our intervention is successful in attenuating the effect of chemotherapy on visceral fat accumulation and cardiometabolic dysfunction, it has the potential to reduce risk of cardiometabolic disease and related mortality among breast cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Ontario Breast Screening Program (OBSP) offers free screening mammograms every 2 years, to women aged 50–74. Study objectives were to determine demographic characteristics associated with the adherence to OBSP and if women screened in the OBSP have a lower stage at diagnosis than non-screened eligible women. Methods: We used the Ontario cancer registry (OCR) to identify 48,927 women, aged 51–74 years, diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2017. These women were assigned as having undergone adherent screening (N = 26,108), non-adherent screening (N = 6546) or not-screened (N = 16,273) in the OBSP. We used multinomial logistic regression to investigate the demographic characteristics associated with screening behaviour, as well as the association between screening status and stage at diagnosis. Results: Among women with breast cancer, those living in rural areas (versus the largest urban areas) had a lower odds of not being screened (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68, 0.78). Women in low-income (versus high-income) communities were more likely not to be screened (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.33, 1.51). When stratified, the association between income and screening status only held in urban areas. Non-screened women were more likely to be diagnosed with stage II (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.82, 2.01), III (OR 2.96, 95% CI 2.76, 3.17), or IV (OR 8.96, 95% CI 7.94, 10.12) disease compared to stage I and were less likely to be diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98). Conclusions: This study suggests that targeting OBSP recruitment efforts to lower income urban communities could increase screening rates. OBSP adherent women were more likely to be diagnosed with earlier stage disease, supporting the value of this initiative and those like it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To examine the associations between patient struggles, health, and weight management changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. 585 patients attending a publicly funded clinical weight management program responded to an electronic survey. Results. Over half of the patients reported worsened overall health, mental health, physical activity, or diet during the pandemic. Approximately 30% of patients lost ≥3% of their body weight and 21% gained ≥3% of their body weight between March and July of the pandemic. Reports of social isolation was associated with increased odds for weight loss in women (OR = 2.0, 1.2–3.3), while low motivation (OR = 1.9, 1.0–3.7), depression (OR = 2.5, 1.0–6.3), and struggles with carbohydrate intake (OR = 2.1, 1.0–4.3) were associated with weight gain. Cooking more at home/eating less take out was associated with increased likelihood of weight loss (OR = 2.1, 1.1–3.9) and lower odds for weight gain (OR = 0.2, 0.1 to 0.97). Working from home was not associated with weight loss or weight gain (P > 0.6). Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with certain factors that may facilitate weight loss and other factors that promote weight gain. Thus, depending on the patient experience during the pandemic, prevention of weight gain may be more appropriate than weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Measuring blood pressure in patients with obesity is challenging. The ClearSight™ finger cuff (FC) uses the vascular unloading technique to provide continuous non-invasive blood pressure measurements. We aimed to test the agreement of the FC with invasive radial arterial monitoring (INV) in patients with obesity. Methods: Participants had a body mass index (BMI) ≥45 kg/m2 and underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery. FC and INV measurements were obtained simultaneously every 5 min on each patient, following induction of anesthesia. Agreement over time was assessed using modified Bland-Altman plots and error grid analysis permitted clinical interpretation of the results. Four-quadrant plots allowed assessment of concordance in blood pressure changes. Results: The 30 participants had a median (IQR) BMI of 50.2 kg/m2 (IQR 48.3–55.3). The observed bias (SD, 95% limits of agreement) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 14.3 mmHg (14.1, -13.4 – 42.0), 5.2 mmHg (10.9, -16.0 – 26.5) for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and 2.6 mmHg (10.8, -18.6 – 23.8) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Error grid analysis showed that the proportion of readings in risk zones A-E were 90.8, 6.5, 2.7, 0 and 0% for SBP and 91.4, 4.3, 4.3, 0 and 0% for MAP, respectively. Discordance occurred in ≤8% of pairs for consecutive change in SBP, MAP and DBP. Conclusions: The vascular unloading technique was not adequately in agreement with radial arterial monitoring. Evaluation in a larger sample is required before recommending this technique for intraoperative monitoring of patients with BMI ≥45 kg/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been suggested that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may be used to identify those at greatest risk for severe COVID-19 illness. However, no study to date has examined the association between CRF and COVID-19. The objectives of this study were to determine whether CRF is independently associated with testing positive with or dying from COVID-19. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 2,690 adults from the UK Biobank Study that were followed from March 16th, 2020 to July 26th, 2020. Participants who were tested for COVID-19 and had undergone CRF assessment were examined. CRF was estimated (eCRF) and categorized as low (<20th percentile), moderate (20th to 80th percentile) and high (≥80th percentile) within sex and ten-year age groups (e.g. 50–60 years). Participants were classified as having COVID-19 if they tested positive (primarily PCR tests) at an in-patient or out-patient setting as of July 26, 2020. Participants were classified as having died from COVID-19 if the primary or underlying cause of death was listed ICD-10 codes U071 or U072 by June 30th, 2020. Adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and a forward model building approach used to identify covariates. Findings: There was no significant association between eCRF and testing positive for COVID-19. Conversely, individuals with moderate (aRR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.75) and high fitness (aRR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.85) had a significantly lower risk of dying from COVID-19 than those with low fitness. Conclusions: While eCRF was not significantly associated with testing positive for COVID-19, we observed a significant dose-response between having higher eCRF and a decreased risk of dying from COVID-19. This suggests that prior gains in CRF could be protective against dying from COVID-19 should someone develop the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess if body mass index (BMI) and high waist circumference (HWC) are associated with testing positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods. 9,386 UK Biobank study participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 from March 16th 2020 to June 29th 2020 were analyzed. A forward model building approach was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Analyses were stratified by age due to a significant first-order interaction between age and HWC. Results. Approximately 17% (n = 1,577) of participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. BMI category had a linear association with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 among participants <65 years (RR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17). For participants ≥65 years, only obesity class II (RR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.10–1.74) had a significantly greater risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 than those who were underweight/normal weight. While HWC was not associated with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in those <65 years, having an HWC was associated with an increased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in participants ≥65 years (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.00–1.27). Conclusion. The associations of BMI and HWC with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 differed by age. Notably, HWC was associated with testing positive in those ≥65 years, but not those who were younger, independent of BMI. This suggests that measures of adiposity in addition to BMI may be used to identify older individuals at greater risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objective: Liraglutide 3.0 mg is associated with clinically significant weight loss in clinical trials, but real‐world data are lacking. In this analysis, weight loss and persistence outcomes with liraglutide 3.0 mg were assessed across obesity classes, in a real‐world clinical setting. Methods: Secondary analysis of an observational, retrospective study of liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management (as adjunct to diet and exercise) at six Wharton Medical Clinics in Canada. Patients were categorized by body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) into obesity class I (BMI 30–34.9); class II (BMI 35–39.9); and class III (BMI ≥40). Change in weight, categorical weight loss, time to maintenance dose (defined as the time to reach the full liraglutide 3.0 mg maintenance dose) and persistence were assessed for each class and for differences between classes. Results: Of 308 patients, 70 (22.7%) had obesity class I, 83 (26.9%) obesity class II and 155 (50.3%) obesity class III. Similar percentage change in weight was observed between obesity classes (mean [standard deviation, SD]: −7.0% [6.0], −6.6% [6.0] and −6.1% [5.0], respectively; p =.640), and similar proportions achieved ≥5% weight loss (60.4%, 62.0% and 55.3%, respectively; p =.717) at 6 months. Mean time to maintenance dose (SD) was 64.2 (56.4) d, 76.4 (56.3) d and 71.4 (54.5) d for obesity classes I, II and III, respectively (p =.509). Persistence with medication was also similar between obesity classes (p =.358). Conclusions: These findings suggest that real‐world treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg, regardless of obesity class, is associated with similar clinically significant weight loss, time to maintenance dose and medication persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objective: Weight management medications can significantly increase patients' chances of achieving a clinically meaningful weight loss if patients persist with treatment. This retrospective observational study of de‐identified medical records of 311 patients is the first real‐world study examining persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg in Canada, and also investigates associations between the SaxendaCare® patient support program and persistence and weight loss. Methods: Overall persistence was assessed, as well as associations of enrollment in SaxendaCare®, persistence and weight loss. Results: Overall mean (standard deviation) persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg was 6.3 (4.1) months, and 67.5% (n = 210) and 53.7% (n = 167) of patients persisted for ≥4 and ≥ 6 months, respectively. Enrollment in SaxendaCare® was associated with significantly longer persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg and greater weight loss. Patients enrolled in SaxendaCare® (n = 119) persisted for 7.9 (4.0) versus 5.2 (3.8) months for those not enrolled (n = 184) (p < 0.001), and had significantly greater percent weight loss after 6 months regardless of the duration of their persistence (−7.9% vs −5.5% from baseline, p < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in clinical settings, persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg can exceed 6 months, and that enrolling in SaxendaCare® may be associated with comparatively longer persistence and, regardless of persistence, greater weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the evidence published from 2006 to 2016 on the effectiveness and safety of commonly used natural supplements for weight loss in individuals with obesity.Methods: Amazon and Google were searched for names of mono-agent natural supplements marketed for weight loss and a list of the 10 supplements was created. Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles that met inclusion.Results: At least one article was published on the effectiveness or safety of bitter orange, capsinoid, carnitine, chromium picolinate, Coleus forskohlii, conjugated linoleic acid, glucomannan, green tea and psyllium for weight loss in populations with obesity from 2006 to 2016. There was insufficient evidence to suggest that the natural supplements examined contribute to significant weight loss, with the exception of perhaps glucomannan in the form of PGX. In general, the majority of side-effects reported were minor to moderate, and gastrointestinal-related. However, in some cases extreme side-effects such as liver and kidney failure were observed.Conclusion: Contrary to popular belief, results of this review suggest that the use of natural supplements for weight loss are unlikely to contribute to meaningful weight loss and in some cases may contribute to harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematically review the literature on weight management pharmaceutical use in patients who have had bariatric surgery. Methods: Google Scholar, Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials were searched from inception to December 31st, 2018 inclusive. Results: Thirteen studies met inclusion and reported decreases in weight with the use of weight management medications in post-bariatric surgical patients. Five studies examined weight loss outcomes by the type of bariatric surgery procedure, and four of these studies observed less weight loss in patients who had undergone gastric sleeve compared to those who had roux-en-y bypass (n = 3 papers) and adjustable gastric banding (n = 1 paper) with medication use. Four studies compared the effectiveness of medications for weight management and observed slightly greater weight loss with the use of topiramate and phentermine as a monotherapy compared to other weight loss medications. Using a sub-sample of participants, authors observed less weight loss on metformin but not phentermine or topiramate for younger adults. Another post-hoc analysis in the same sample observed greater weight loss for older adults with liraglutide 1.8 mg. Side effects were reported in seven studies and were overall consistent with those previously reported in non-surgical populations. Conclusion: Results of this systematic review suggest pharmacotherapy may be an effective tool as an adjunct to diet and physical activity to support weight loss in post-bariatric surgery patients. However, due to most studies lacking a control or placebo group, more rigorous research is required to determine the efficacy of this intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to compare weight loss (WL) outcomes for patients taking antidepressants and/or antipsychotics with those not taking psychiatric medication.Methods: A total of 17,519 adults enrolled in a lifestyle WL intervention at the Wharton Medical Clinics in Ontario, Canada, were analyzed. Sex-stratified multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the association of taking antidepressants, antipsychotics, both, or neither with WL when adjusting for age, initial weight, and treatment time.Results: Twenty-three percent of patients were taking at least one psychiatric medication. Patients lost a significant amount of weight (P < 0.0001) regardless of psychiatric medication use. Women taking psychiatric medications lost a similar amount of weight as women who were not (P > 0.05). Conversely, men taking antidepressants lost only slightly less weight than men taking both classes or neither class of psychiatric medication (3.2 ± 0.3 kg vs. 5.6 ± 0.9 kg and 4.3 ± 0.1 kg; P < 0.05). However, taking psychiatric medications that cause weight gain was associated with similar significant decreases in weight as taking medications that are weight neutral or associated with WL for both sexes (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that those who participate in a weight management program can lose significant amounts of weight regardless of psychiatric medication use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Real-world clinical effectiveness of liraglutide 3.0 mg, in combination with diet and exercise, was investigated 4 and 6 months post initiation. Changes in absolute and percent body weight were examined from baseline.Methods: A cohort of liraglutide 3.0 mg initiators in 2015 and 2016 was identified from six Canadian weight-management clinics. Post initiation values at 4 and 6 months were compared with baseline values using a paired t test.Results: The full cohort consisted of 311 participants, with 210 in the ≥ 4-month persistence group and 167 in the ≥ 6-month persistence group. Average baseline BMI was 40.7 kg/m2 , and weight was 114.8 kg. There was a significant change in body weight 6 and 4 months after initiation of treatment in persistent subjects (≥ 6-month: -8.0 kg, P < 0.001; ≥ 4-month: -7.0 kg, P < 0.001) and All Subjects, regardless of persistence (-7.3 kg; P < 0.001). Percentage change in body weight from baseline was -7.1% in the ≥ 6-month group and -6.3% in the ≥ 4-month group, and All Subjects lost 6.5% body weight. Of participants in the ≥ 6-month group, 64.10% and 34.5% lost ≥ 5% and > 10% body weight, respectively.Conclusions: In a real-world setting, liraglutide 3.0 mg, when combined with diet and exercise, was associated with clinically meaningful weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To determine if the rate of weight loss (WL) is associated with metabolic changes independent of the absolute WL. Methods. WL and health changes were assessed in 11,281 patients attending a publicly funded clinical weight management program over a treatment period of 12.7 months. Early weight loss rate (WLR) in the first 3–6 months and overall WLR were categorized as Fast WLR (≥1 kg/wk), Recommended WLR (0.5 to 0.9 kg/wk), or Slow WLR (<0.5 kg/wk). Results. On average, patients attained a 6.6 ± 7.3 kg (5.8 ± 5.7%) WL over 12.8 ± 13.1 months. Prior to adjusting for covariates, patients with Fast WLR (−24.7 ± 13.4 kg) at 3–6 months had a greater overall WL as compared to those with Recommended WLR (−13.3 ± 8.7 kg) and Slow WLR (−5.0 ± 5.4 kg). Fast WLR also had greater improvements in the overall waist circumference and blood pressure than patients with Slow or Recommended WLR. However, after adjustment for absolute WL, Early and overall Recommended and Fast WLR did not differ in the changes in any of the health markers (P>0.05). Conversely, the absolute WL sustained is significantly associated with changes in metabolic health independent of WLR (P<0.001). Similar results were observed with WLR over the entire treatment period. Conclusions. Faster rates of WL are associated with a greater absolute WL and larger improvements in waist circumference and blood pressure. However, after adjusting for the larger absolute WL sustained, early and overall faster WLR do not appear to have advantages for improving metabolic health markers. Thus, the absolute WL attained may be the most important factor for improving metabolic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cause of the obesity epidemic is multifactorial, but may, in part, be related to medication-induced weight gain. While clinicians may strive to do their best to select pharmacotherapy(ies) that has the least negative impact on weight, the literature regarding the weight effects of medication is often limited and devoid of alternative therapies. Results: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, antihyperglycemics, antihypertensives and corticosteroids all contain medications that were associated with significant weight gain. However, there are several medication alternatives within the majority of these classes associated with weight neutral or even weight loss effects. Further, while not all of the classes of medication examined in this review have weight-favorable alternatives, there exist many other tools to mitigate weight gain associated with medication use, such as changes in dosing, medication delivery or the use of adjunctive therapies. Conclusion: Medication-induced weight gain can be frustrating for both the patient and the clinician. As the use of pharmaceuticals continues to increase, it is pertinent for clinicians to consider the weight effects of medications prior to prescribing or in the course of treatment. In the case where it is not feasible to make changes to medication, adjunctive therapies should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current methods for the treatment of excess weight can involve healthy behavior changes, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions. Many individuals are able to lose some degree of weight through behavioral changes; however, they are often unable to maintain their weight loss long-term. This is in part due to physiological processes that cannot be addressed through behavioral changes alone. Bariatric surgery, which is the most successful treatment for excess weight to date, does result in physiological changes that can help with weight loss and weight maintenance. However, many patients either do not qualify or elect to not have this procedure. Fortunately, research has recently identified changes in neurochemicals (i.e., orexigens and anorexigens) that occur during weight loss and contribute to weight regain. The neurochemicals and hormones may be able to be targeted by medications to achieve greater and more sustained weight loss. Two medications are approved in adjunction to lifestyle management for weight loss in Canada: orlistat and liraglutide. Both medications are able to target physiological processes to help patients lose weight and maintain a greater amount of weight loss than with just behavioral modifications alone. Two other weight management medications, which also target specific physiological processes to aid in weight loss and its maintenance, a bupropion/naltrexone combination and lorcaserin, are currently pending approval in Canada. Nonetheless, there remain significant barriers for health care professionals to prescribe medications for weight loss, such as a lack of training and knowledge in the area of obesity. Until this has been addressed, and we begin treating obesity as we do other diseases, we are unlikely to combat the increasing trend of obesity in Canada and worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the integration of vision screening into the Lions Clubs International Foundation (LCIF) Core Four sight preservation initiatives who will provide matching funds for Lions Clubs in various states including Wyoming to initiate vision screening programs. It cites the Wyoming Lions Early Childhood Vision Program (WLECVP) that provides children aged 6 months to 6 years with free annual vision screening administered by trained lay persons in the community.

Across the United States, community colleges are facing severe funding reductions and surging enrollment, resulting in a condition of impaction in which demand for coursework exceeds financial or physical capacity. In turn, impaction is necessitating changes in enrollment management policies, including rapid evolution in registration priority policies, which ration access to coursework by granting preferential course enrollment timing to students who meet specified criteria. During times of impaction, such policies effectively preclude some groups of students from making progress toward their goals or, under the worst circumstances, from attending college at all. Given the importance of community colleges for providing access to postsecondary education, these policies have significant, long-term implications. Here, we situate the discourse on registration priority policies in a larger context and body of literature, document the variation in policies across the colleges in one state, and develop a set of recommendations for policy and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A mass-balance model for the uptake of organic contaminants in the opposum shrimp (Mysis relicta) is developed. The model describes the concentration in the mysid as a function of time as it grows and its lipid content changes over a two-year life span. The model can describe uptake in varying proportions from pelagic and benthic sources. Four mysid scenarios are considered: entirely pelagic, entirely benthic, half-pelagic and half-benthic, and following the observed seasonal behavior patterns. The seasonal-scenario mysid yields results consistent with levels of total polychlorinated biphenyls reported for Lake Ontario (Canada/USA). The relative sediment and water fugacities are shown to play a critical role in determining the contamination level in mysids. Inclusion of mysids in a simple food-web model demonstrates higher concentrations in upper-trophic-level organisms by two effects: introduction of another trophic level in the food web, and increased benthic-pelagic coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is substantial overlap in risk factors for the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer (BC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including obesity, metabolic disturbances, and chronic inflammation. These unifying features remain prevalent after a BC diagnosis and are exacerbated by BC treatment, resulting in elevated CVD risk among survivors. Thus, therapies that target these risk factors or mechanisms are likely to be effective for the prevention or progression of both conditions. In this narrative review, we propose time-restricted eating (TRE) as a simple lifestyle therapy to address many upstream causative factors associated with both BC and CVD. TRE is simple dietary strategy that typically involves the consumption of ad libitum energy intake within 8 h, followed by a 16-h fast. We describe the feasibility and safety of TRE and the available evidence for the impact of TRE on metabolic, cardiovascular, and cancer-specific health benefits. We also highlight potential solutions for overcoming barriers to adoption and adherence and areas requiring future research. In composite, we make the case for the use of TRE as a novel, safe, and feasible intervention for primary and secondary BC prevention, as well as tertiary prevention as it relates to CVD in BC survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is true that the patients in our study were not randomly assigned, that there was no comparison group, and that the data collected were variable in nature and partially reliant on patient self-reports, all of which are included in the limitations section of the article. The product monograph recommends that patients prescribed liraglutide 3.0 mg start at a dose of 0.6 mg and increase the dose by 0.6 mg weekly until the maximum clinical dose of 3.0 mg is reached [12]. Nonetheless, most patients achieved the 3.0-mg dose, with 85.7% (180 of 210 patients; 8 with an unknown dose) of those continuing on liraglutide 3.0 mg for 4 months after reaching the recommended maintenance dose of 3.0 mg (results not previously published). [Extracted from the article]

The article examines the adenocarcinoma with features of mucinous adenocarcinoma and cystadenocarcinoma. The differential diagnosis of the type of tonsil mass that was found in the present case includes several kinds of malignant neoplasms. The most common malignancy that occurs in the tonsil or tonsillar fossa is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 90 percent of oropharyngeal tumors. The second most common is lymphoma, especially in the palatine tonsils or base of the tongue. Other primary malignancies of the oropharynx include melanoma, minor salivary gland cancer, small cell carcinoma, and sarcoma. Metastases also occur in the tonsil from a wide variety of primary tumors occurring throughout the body.

The article examines the case of nodular fasciitis, a benign and quasineoplastic proliferation of fibroblasts that is often mistaken for a sarcoma owing to its rapid growth, rich cellularity, and mitotic activity. Nodular fasciitis is most common in young adults between 20 and 35 years of age; however, it rarely occurs in the head and neck in this population. The vast majority of head and neck cases actually occur in infants and children, with boys and girls being almost equally affected. Although the exact pathogenesis remains unknown, it is thought that the lesion represents a self-limiting, reactive process rather than true neoplasm.