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Reproductive losses remain an urgent problem among the female population, of which antenatal fetal death (AFD) takes a leading place. The pathogenesis of this pathology is multifactorial, but at the same time, it is impossible to accurately determine the single cause of AFD. Analyzing the frequency of AFD in the world, a tendency towards repeated episodes of AFD or AFD combined with reproductive losses in early pregnancy has been established. The literature has presented data on causal relationships with existing endometrial pathology, among which the inflammatory process in the endometrium takes the leading position, and pregnancy losses with inadequate immune system response. The objective: to determine the state of the immune system, infectious profile and features of the immunohistochemical state of the endometrium in women with a history of AFD at the stage of prepregnancy preparation. Materials and methods. A clinical examination was performed on 30 patients with a history of AFD who had applied to the antenatal clinic of the municipal non-profit enterprise "Kyiv City Maternity Hospital No. 3" regarding planning their next pregnancy. A general clinical examination, a detailed analysis of the general, gynecological anamnesis, and data on the course of the previous pregnancy and childbirth were performed. All patients underwent microscopic examination of vaginal discharge stained with Gram and assessed according to the Hay-Ison criteria. The state of the endometrium was studied by microscopic examination and immunohistochemical analysis with the determination of CD-138 and CD-56. The state of the immune system was assessed by determining the activity of the cellular component (T- and B-lymphocytes) and cytokine proteins (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, γ-INT, TNF-α). Results. According to the somatic anamnesis, a high percentage of morbidity of the urinary system of an infectious-inflammatory nature (53.3%) and pathology of the cardiovascular system (63.3%) was determined. Among gynecological pathology inflammatory diseases of the genital tract (53.3%) and uterine leiomyoma (33.3%) predominated. In the obstetric anamnesis the spontaneous miscarriage was detected in almost every second woman (46.7%) and in every seventh woman - AFD (13.3%). During microscopic examination of vaginal discharge, the majority of women were diagnosed with stage III and IV according to the Hay-Ison criteria. During microscopic examination of the endometrium, disorders of its proliferation was detected in 2/3 of the patients, and during immunohistochemical examination - a positive reaction of CD-138 and an increased concentration of CD-56. During the study of the state of the immune system a decreased level of T-suppressors, B-lymphocytes were observed, with increased in T-killers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions. Women with a history of antenatal fetal death have certain features of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune system both at the local and generalized levels, which prompts a detailed study and diagnosis at the pre-gravid stage when determining further reproductive plans. Research of extragenital pathology, infectious profile and the state of local immunity in the uterine cavity is especially necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the role and effectiveness of the proposed therapeutic and preventive complex in the correction of psychoemotional state in the dynamics of pregnancy in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) application in order to improve the tactics of antenatal observation and prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications. 299 pregnant women were comprehensively examined and a set of therapeutic and preventive measures was carried out: the main group included 249 women whose pregnancy occurred as a result of ART application. The control group consisted of 50 pregnant women with spontaneous pregnancy. The complex of measures for pregnant women after ART application included: micronized progesterone, magnesium oxide, folic acid, Larginine aspartate, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and long-term psychological correction – before ART program, at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy, at 16-18 weeks of pregnancy and at 28-30 weeks of pregnancy. Introduction of the proposed complex of psychoemotional correction contributed to the formation of reactive anxiety and personal anxiety levels at a moderate level in women of subgroups IA-44 (89.8%) and 43 (87.6%), IIA – 43 (89.6%) and 44 (91.7%) and IIIA – 30 (83.3%) and 26 (72.2%), which is considered to be an adaptive, physiological type during pregnancy. The positive effect of the proposed complex of psychoemotional correction demonstrates the improvement of processes of formation of type of component gestational dominant, its return to the optimal type in women of subgroup IA – 41 (83.6%), IIA – 39 (81.3%) and IIIA – 26 (72.2%) that is close to the physiological course of pregnancy and contributes to the reduction of perinatal and obstetric complications among pregnant women of these subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset of symptoms typically in early childhood. First signs of the disorder, including language delay, motor delay and temperament characteristics, may be evident as early as infancy. The present review describes published evidence about early motor signs of either children with later symptoms of ADHD or a later diagnosis of the disorder. Nine published cohort studies were included after a systematic search of related terms in PubMed and PsycInfo databases. Study eligibility criteria included: (1) report on early motor function or any motor-related signs; (2) the presence of a participants' assessment by/at 12 months of age; (3) report of a later presence of ADHD symptoms. The limited number of reports included suggests an association between mild early neurological markers and later developmental coordination disorder and motor overflow movements. Unfortunately, due to their small sample sizes and focus on group reports rather than individuals, they have limited power to find strong associations. Early motor indicators of ADHD, if present, appear to be non-specific, and therefore not yet useful in clinical screening. Spontaneous motility seems to be a promising measure for early ADHD detection, although further studies with large cohorts are recommended to determine its clinical role in children at risk for ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Perinatal adverse events put neonates at high risk for short and long-term disabilities, including cerebral palsy (CP). The most recent guidelines about early intervention in infants with brain damage have emphasized the importance of family involvement from the very first phases of development. Early parent-infant interactions are pivotal in promoting infant cognitive and social developmental trajectories. However, little is known about the extent to which severe adverse perinatal events can affect the quality of early parent-infant interactions. Patients and Methods. We systematically searched five databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) for the publications assessing parent-infant interactions in infants at high neurological risk within 1 year of age. Articles were selected if they involved direct comparison between high-risk populations and healthy controls or low-risk populations, and if quantitative or semiquantitative tools were used to assess the parent-infant interaction. Measures of parent-infant interaction included infant interactive behaviors, parental interactive behaviors, and dyadic interactive patterns. Results. The search yielded 18 publications that met the inclusion criteria. The articles represent a high level of heterogeneity in terms of infant neurological risk, infant age, and tools assessing interactive behaviors. Both infant and maternal behaviors within the investigated interactive exchanges were reported to be compromised, leading to subsequent overall impairment of the dyadic patterns. Conclusion. While the studies reviewed here provide general and important information, the review did not yield a clear picture of early dyadic interactions in high-risk infant populations. Further observational studies are warranted in order to provide a more accurate knowledge of the early dyadic exchanges between infants at high neurological risk and their parents, as they might provide a critical opportunity for early family centered habilitative interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this viewpoint article is to examine recent literature on fetal and neonatal processing of music. In particular, we examine the behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging literature describing fetal and neonatal music perception and processing to the first days of term equivalent life. Secondly, in light of the recent systematic reviews published on this topic, we discuss the impact of music interventions on the potential neuroplasticity pathways through which the early exposure to music, live or recorded, may impact the fetal, preterm, and full-term infant brain. We conclude with recommendations for music stimuli selection and its role within the framework of early socioemotional development and environmental enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a strategy to solve the problem of optimization of a linear function on the set of cyclic permutations. The strategy is based on the properties of transpositions of special kind. The properties of this class of transpositions are investigated. Assertions about the impact of compositions of such transpositions on an arbitrary permutation are proved. For the approximate solutions obtained using the above strategy, estimation is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the features of the influence of certain kind of transpositions on cyclic permutations. Assertions about the result of the successive application of multiple relevant transpositions are proved. An algorithm for generating cyclic permutations based on the proved statements is proposed. Computational experiments are performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]