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The aim of this scoping study was to evaluate the survival rate and nature of tissue formed inside root canals of human immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps ( NIPT) under root canal revascularization ( RCR). The search was performed in SciVerse Scopus®, PubMed/ MEDLINE, Web of Science®, BIREME and in the grey literature up to November 2015. The keywords were selected using Me SH terms and DECs. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O' Malley's framework. From 375 studies that were evaluated, 75 were included. A total of 367 NIPT were submitted to RCR, from which only 21 needed further endodontic treatment. The weighted mean follow-up time was 17.6 months. The data were derived mainly from case reports (69%) or small case series (15%). Na OCl [0.5-6%] was applied as the disinfecting solution in almost all studies. Triple antibiotic paste was as effective as Ca( OH)2 as on intracanal medicament. De novo tissue was cementum and poorly mineralized bone positive to bone sialoprotein ( BSP) but negative to dentine sialoprotein ( DSP). Failures were associated mainly with reinfection of the root canal. The majority of included studies reported a significant increase in both root length and width. However, as most of these data came from case reports, they must be interpreted with care, as most were focused on treatment successes (not failures). Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials comparing RCR with available apexification treatments are needed to address this gap in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stem cell-based therapy ( SC- BT) is emerging as an alternative for endodontic therapies. The interaction between stem cells and scaffolds plays a crucial role in the generation of a 'friendly cell' microenvironment. The aim of this systematic review was to explore techniques applied to regenerate the pulp-dentine complex tissue using SC- BT. An electronic search into the SciVerse Scopus ( SS), ISI Web Science ( IWS) and Entrez PubMed ( EP) using specific keywords was performed. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were predetermined. The search yielded papers, out of which full-text papers were included in the final analyses. Data extraction pooled the results in four main topics: (a) influence of the chemical properties of the scaffolds over cell behaviour; (b) influence of the physical characteristics of scaffolds over cell behaviour; (c) strategies applied to improve the stem cell/scaffold interface; and (d) influence of cue microenvironment on stem cell differentiation towards odontoblast-like cells and pulp-like tissue formation. The relationship between the scaffolds, the environment and the growth factors released from dentine are critical for de novo pulp tissue regeneration. The preconditioning of dentine walls with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( EDTA) was imperative for successful pulp-dentine complex regeneration. An analyses of the grouped results revealed that pulp regeneration was an attainable goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]