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Humans are exposed to various chemical elements that have been associated with the development and progression of diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Unlike previous research, we employed a multi-element approach to investigate CAD patients and those with comorbid conditions such as diabetes (CAD-DM2), high blood pressure (CAD-HBP), or high blood lipids (CAD-HBL). Plasma concentrations of 21 elements, including lithium (Li), boron (B), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), stibium (Sb), barium (Ba), and lead (Pb), were measured in CAD patients (n = 201) and healthy subjects (n = 110) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were utilized to analyze the ionomic profiles. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to identify the interaction patterns among individual elements. We found that levels of Ba, Li, Ni, Zn and Pb were elevated in the CAD group compared to the healthy group, while Sb, Ca, Cu, Ti, Fe, and Se were lower. Furthermore, the CAD-DM2 group exhibited higher levels of Ni and Cd, while the CAD-HBP group showed lower levels of Co and Mn. In the CAD-HBL group, Ti was increased, whereas Ba, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, and Ni were reduced. In conclusion, ionomic profiles can be utilized to differentiate CAD patients from healthy individuals, potentially providing insights for future treatment or dietary interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: LncRNAs are critical regulators of bladder cancer (BLCA), and ferroptosis is a newly discovered cell death responsible for mediating apoptosis and tumorigenesis. The present study aims to establish a prognostic signature of differentially expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (DEFRlncRNAs) and explore the DEFRlncRNA associated with NUPR1 in BLCA. Methods: DEFRlncRNAs in BLCA patients were screened using univariate and multivariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses. In vitro experiments were performed to detect the regulatory effects of DEFRlncRNAs on BLCA cells. A prognostic signature of DEFRlncRNAs in BLCA was created and validated. Moreover, we used RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) to evaluate the correlated DEFRlncRNA with NUPR1. Results: A prognostic signature involving 18 DEFRlncRNAs in BLCA was created. Overexpression of AL355353.2 or knockdown of AL136084.3 promoted apoptosis in 5637 and T24 cells in vitro. Results from Starbase database estimated that AL136084.3 was positively associated with NUPR1 (R = 0.229, p < 0.001). RIP analysis revealed the reciprocal binding of NUPR1 and AL136084.3 in BLCA. Conclusion: The identified FRlncRNA pair signature has a good prognostic and clinical predictive value. The ferroptosis-related lncRNA AL136084.3 is correlated with NUPR1 in BLCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ciprofol(HSK3486) is a novel 2,6-disubstituted phenol derivate, a short-acting intravenous sedative, which has similar efficacy characteristics as propofol with less incidence of side effect. Both ciprofol and propofol are often used in outpatient hysteroscopic surgery for sedation. However, the relative potency of these two drugs has not been fully determined in this context. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the potency-ratio of ciprofol and propofol under procedural sedation and anesthesia in restraining reaction of outpatient hysteroscopy dilatation. Methods: The ED50 (effective dose in 50% of subjects) value for ciprofol and propofol were calculated by Up-and-Down Sequential Allocation Method. 60 healthy patients undergoing daytime hysteroscopy were randomly divided into two groups, which were intravenously injected with ciprofol at an initial dose of 0.4 mg/kg (group C) or propofol at an initial dose of 2 mg/kg (group P) at 2 min after intravenous injection of sufentanil 0.15ug/kg. A successful response is defined as the absence of patient movement in the case of cervical dilation. Conversely, the presence of patient movement is defined as failure. After successful or failed responses, each follow-up patient in the corresponding group was reduced or increased with propofol 0.5 mg/kg or ciprofol 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Results: The estimated ED50 value for ciprofol and propofol in restraining reaction of hysteroscopy dilatation was 0.444 mg/kg (95% CI, 0.385-0.503 mg/kg) and 1.985 mg/kg (95% CI, 1.801–2.170 mg/kg), respectively. The incidence of respiratory depression, hypoxemia and injection pain in ciprofol was significantly lower than those in propofol. Conclusion: The ED50 of ciprofol and propofol in preventing hysteroscopy dilatation reaction was 0.444 mg/kg (95% CI, 0.385-0.503 mg/kg) and 1.985 mg/kg (95% CI, 1.801–2.170 mg/kg) for outpatient hysteroscopy. The potency-ratio of ciprofol and propofol observed in our study was 1.0:4.5(95%CI,1:3.9-1:5.1). Trial registration: The study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry http//www.chictr.org.cn/ (Registration date19/11/22 Trial ID ChiCTR2200065954). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are paid attention to the following logarithmic Choquard equation $$\begin{align*} -\Delta u+u= \left[ \mathcal{I}_2*F(u) \right]f(u), \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{2}, \end{align*}$$ − Δ u + u = [ I 2 ∗ F (u) ] f (u) , x ∈ R 2 , where $ \mathcal {I}_2=\frac {1}{2\pi } \ln \frac {1}{|x|} $ I 2 = 1 2 π ln ⁡ 1 | x | is the Newtonian kernel in dimension 2, $ F(u)=\int _0^uf(t) \,\mathrm {d}t $ F (u) = ∫ 0 u f (t) d t and $ f\in \mathcal {C}^1(\mathbb {R}, \mathbb {R}) $ f ∈ C 1 (R , R) is critical exponential growth with respect to Trudinger–Moser. Based on a variational framework proposed in Liu et al. (J Differ Equ 2022;328), we obtain a positive finite energy solution of the above logarithmic Choquard equation via the variational methods. Furthermore, we use another approach to investigate the planar logarithmic Choquard equations involving critical exponential growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver metastases are commonly detected in the advanced stages of various malignant tumors, representing a significant clinical challenge. Throughout the process of liver metastases formation, immune cells play a pivotal role, particularly in the pre-metastatic and metastatic niches within the liver. Immune cells establish extensive and intricate interactions with tumor cells and other components in the liver, collectively promoting and sustaining the growth of liver metastases. Despite the limited efficacy of existing therapeutic modalities against some advanced liver metastases, novel immune-based treatment approaches are continuously being explored and validated. Building on the systematic elucidation of the immunosuppressive characteristics of liver metastases, we explored the potential of novel immunotherapies applicable to patients with liver metastases from multiple dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Given Machiavellianism's strong historical and theoretical roots in power and politics, there are surprisingly few empirical studies, if any, that directly examine how Machiavellians attain and maintain power in organizations. Understanding this is important because Machiavellian employees have managed to effectively gain power to reach managerial positions of influence in organizations despite their negative reputation. Further, there are contradictory theories and peripheral empirical findings that suggest they gain power either by strategically forging important connections or through coercive force. We propose that a Mach middle manager perspective can help illuminate which power‐gaining strategy is used. Drawing from the Machiavellianism literature and power dependence theory, we theorize how Mach middle managers gain coercive power through abusive supervision on those with less power (their subordinates), while building close guanxi with those with more power (their senior manager) to obtain relational empowerment. Moreover, we theorize that they maintain power by increasing both power‐gaining strategies when Mach middle managers perceive a high threat to hierarchy from subordinates, suggesting these parallel relations are positively connected. We found support for our theoretical model using data from a multi‐confederate experimental lab study and two multi‐wave field studies. The theoretical and empirical implications of our findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the advancements in space medicine, particularly focusing on in-orbit research conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) and the Chinese Space Station (CSS). The research includes studies on astronaut health, molecular effects of space travel, and the application of cutting-edge technologies like AI and machine learning. The collaboration between international institutions and the establishment of an astronaut biobank are highlighted as significant milestones in advancing space medicine. The article also outlines future directions for China's space medicine, emphasizing the need for international cooperation, integration of advanced technologies, and the application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to enhance astronaut well-being during long-term space missions. [Extracted from the article]

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are important anode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities, abundant resources, and cost-effectiveness. However, issues such as the low conductivity and large volume variation of TMO bulk materials during the cycling process result in poor electrochemical performance. Nanosizing and compositing with carbon materials are two effective strategies to overcome these issues. In this study, spherical MnFe2O4@xC nanocomposites composed of MnFe2O4 inner cores and tunable carbon shell thicknesses were successfully prepared and utilized as anode materials for SIBs. It was found that the property of the carbon shell plays a crucial role in tuning the electrochemical performance of MnFe2O4@xC nanocomposites and an appropriate carbon shell thickness (content) leads to the optimal battery performance. Thus, compared to MnFe2O4@1C and MnFe2O4@8C, MnFe2O4@4C nanocomposite exhibits optimal electrochemical performance by releasing a reversible specific capacity of around 308 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1 with 93% capacity retention after 100 cycles, 250 mAh·g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 with 73% capacity retention after 300 cycles in a half cell, and around 111 mAh·g−1 at 1.0 C when coupled with a Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode in a full SIB cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schistosoma infection is one of the major causes of liver fibrosis. Emerging roles of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis have been identified. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism underlying the role of HPCs in liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis remains unclear. This study examined how autophagy in HPCs affects schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis by modulating exosomal miRNAs. The activation of HPCs was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining in fibrotic liver from patients and mice with Schistosoma japonicum infection. By coculturing HPCs with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and assessing the autophagy level in HPCs by proteomic analysis and in vitro phenotypic assays, we found that impaired autophagy degradation in these activated HPCs was mediated by lysosomal dysfunction. Blocking autophagy by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) significantly diminished liver fibrosis and granuloma formation in S. japonicum-infected mice. HPC-secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs) were further isolated and studied by miRNA sequencing. miR-1306-3p, miR-493-3p, and miR-34a-5p were identified, and their distribution into EVs was inhibited due to impaired autophagy in HPCs, which contributed to suppressing HSC activation. In conclusion, we showed that the altered autophagy process upon HPC activation may prevent liver fibrosis by modulating exosomal miRNA release and inhibiting HSC activation in schistosomiasis. Targeting the autophagy degradation process may be a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis during Schistosoma infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of our study were to examine whether initial or subsequent adiposity status had a greater effect on hypertension. We collected data in 1992 and again in 2007 from the same group of 597 individuals in the middle age. The subjects were classified into four groups: individuals with a normal body mass index (BMI) in 1992 and 2007 were in Group I; those with a normal BMI in 1992, but became overweight or obese in 2007 were in Group II; those who were overweight or obese in 1992, but had a normal BMI in 2007 were in Group III; and those who were overweight or obese in 1992 and 2007 were in Group IV. Their demographic data were recorded. The relationship between adiposity status and hypertension was analyzed using logistic regression model. The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 35.5%, 56.3%, 50.0%, and 65.1% for Group I to IV, respectively. Compared with Group I, after adjusted factors, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.80 for Group II (P =.001), 1.40 for Group III (P =.150), and 2.31 for Group IV (P <.001). Adiposity status in 2007 could predict hypertension (OR = 2.5, P <.001), as opposed to the initial adiposity status (P =.148). Subsequently adiposity status could have major effects on hypertension. Our society is very short of public health resources, particularly in developing countries, we should pay more attention to current adiposity status and encourage middle‐aged people to lose weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct numerical simulations of temporally evolving high-enthalpy supersonic turbulent channel flows are conducted at a Mach number of 3.0 and Reynolds number of 4880 under isothermal wall conditions. Air is assumed to behave as a five-species mixture, and chemical non-equilibrium and equilibrium assumptions are adopted to investigate the influence of finite-rate reactions on the turbulent statistics and large-scale structures. The two wall temperatures of 1733.2 and 3500 K are such that the mixture components undergo strong dissociation and recombination reactions along the channel. Investigation shows that the turbulent intensity is weakened and the mean and fluctuating temperatures are smaller when finite-rate reactions are considered. The mean dissociation degree is a quadratic function of the normal position, and its curvature under the chemical non-equilibrium assumption is greater than that under the chemical equilibrium assumption. The fluctuating mass fractions of the generated species seem to decrease slightly in the near-wall region, and their distributions are obviously different from those of the fluctuating velocity and fluctuating temperature. Finite-rate reactions increase the proportion of turbulent kinetic energy production in the skin friction decomposition, especially when the wall temperature is 3500 K. The large-scale structures visualized by the cross correlation between temperature and species mass fraction become stronger in the normal direction. The turbulent Schmidt number and several velocity–temperature correlations, including the recovery enthalpy and strong Reynolds analogy, are insensitive to the chemical reaction rate and wall temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has prompted diverse responses from governments and created an extreme context for organizations to operate. In this context, company leaders face fluctuated macrolevel policies, endure physical separation from their members, and must rely on virtual communication to conduct teamwork. Yet little is known about what and how leader communication can be effective in inducing team creativity to survive the extreme context. Building on the affective events theory and the literature on media richness, we develop a theoretical model explicating how leaders' rich (as opposed to lean) virtual communication can mitigate the negative impact of stringent government responses to COVID-19 on work team creativity via a sequential mediation process: first by inhibiting team anxiety and then by facilitating team information elaboration. Data from a three-stage eight-day longitudinal field experiment, in combination with an experience sampling method with 251 employees, on a chain preschool in eight Chinese cities, provide strong support for the hypothesized model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Targeting CD47/SIRPα axis has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Despite the encouraging clinical efficacy observed in hematologic malignancies through CD47-SIRPα blockade, there are safety concerns related to the binding of anti-CD47 antibodies to CD47 on the membrane of peripheral blood cells. Methods: In order to enhance the selectivity and therapeutic efficacy of the antibody, we developed a humanized anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody called Gentulizumab (GenSci059). The binding capacity of GenSci059 to CD47 was evaluated using flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) methods, the inhibitory effect of GenSci059 on the CD47-SIRPα interaction was evaluated through competitive ELISA assays. The anti-tumor activity of GenSci059 was assessed using in vitro macrophage models and in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. To evaluate the safety profile of GenSci059, binding assays were conducted using blood cells. Additionally, we investigated the underlying mechanisms contributing to the weaker binding of GenSci059 to erythrocytes. Finally, toxicity studies were performed in non-human primates to assess the potential risks associated with GenSci059. Results: GenSci059 displayed strong binding to CD47 in both human and monkey, and effectively inhibited the CD47-SIRPα interaction. With doses ranging from 5 to 20 mg/kg, GenSci059 demonstrated potent inhibition of the growth of subcutaneous tumor with the inhibition rates ranged from 30.3% to complete regression. Combination of GenSci059 with 2.5 mg/kg Rituximab at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg showed enhanced tumor inhibition compared to monotherapy, exhibiting synergistic effects. GenSci059 exhibited minimal binding to hRBCs compared to Hu5F9-G4. The binding of GenSci059 to CD47 depended on the cyclization of N-terminal pyroglutamic acid and the spatial conformation of CD47, but was not affected by its glycosylation modifications. A maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 450 mg/kg was observed for GenSci059, and no significant adverse effects were observed in repeated dosages up to 10 + 300 mg/kg, indicating a favorable safety profile. Conclusion: GenSci059 selectively binds to CD47, effectively blocks the CD47/SIRPα axis signaling pathway and enhances the phagocytosis effects of macrophages toward tumor cells. This monoclonal antibody demonstrates potent antitumor activity and exhibits a favorable safety profile, positioning it as a promising and effective therapeutic option for cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We draw on the process model of emotion regulation (Gross, Emotion,13(3), 359–365 2013) to propose that the two main components of paternalistic leadership – authoritarianism and benevolence, would induce negative emotions in employees that cannot be freely expressed at work, and how the act of emotion suppression would result in employee work–family conflict. Data from 218 employee–spouse dyads from three Chinese companies provide strong support for our hypotheses, revealing that both authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership are positively related to employee work–family conflict through the mediation of employee emotion suppression in the workplace. Furthermore, employee power distance orientation positively influences the effect of authoritarian leadership, but negatively impacts the effect of benevolent leadership, on employee emotion suppression. These findings reveal the dark side of paternalistic leadership and shed light on the mechanisms through which leadership affect employee experience in the life domain and its boundary condition. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications in the context of Chinese organizations and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct numerical simulations of temporally evolving turbulent channel flows with a weak spanwise rotation are conducted at a rotation number of 0.05 and Mach numbers of 0.3, 1.5, and 3.0 to investigate the influence of compressibility effects on turbulent statistics and large-scale structures. The corresponding Reynolds numbers are 2820, 3000, and 4880. Investigation shows that many asymmetric characteristics for incompressible flow also hold for compressible flow. The mean and fluctuating turbulent statistics distributions are similar to those for incompressible flows and shift from the suction side toward the pressure side. Weak spanwise rotation alters the mean the Mach number. The recovery enthalpy collapses between the pressure and suction sides and is independent of the Mach number. The Reynolds shear stress distributions are similar for compressible flows but with larger slopes than incompressible flows. When introducing semi-local scaling, the turbulent kinetic energy budget at pressure side is insensitive to compressibility effects. The average spanwise spacing of near-wall streaks increases as with the Mach number. The number of Taylor–Görtler vortex pairs is determined primarily by the aspect ratio of the computational domain, and is independent of the compressibility effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is not fully understood. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included 316 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy and preoperative CTC detection. We selected 41 pairs of matched HCC patients with and without PVTT using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. We compared the preoperative CTC counts in patients from both the full cohort and the PSM model. We also analyzed their associations with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Before and after PSM analysis, the preoperative CTC counts in the HCC with PVTT group were substantially higher than in the HCC without PVTT group. In both the full cohort of patients and the PSM model, patients with CTC ≥ 2 had significantly shorter OS and DFS than patients with CTC < 2. The outcomes of HCC patients with PVTT could be well differentiated by preoperative CTC levels. HCC patients with CTC ≥ 2 had noticeably shorter OS (9.9 months vs. 24.6 months, P = 0.0003) and DFS (6.0 months vs. 12.3 months, P = 0.0041) than those with CTC < 2. Moreover, preoperative CTC ≥ 2 remained an independent predictor in all groups' multivariate analysis. Conclusion: We discovered a link between preoperative CTC counts and the occurrence of PVTT and confirmed the prognostic significance of preoperative CTC in HCC patients with PVTT. These findings suggest that preoperative CTC counts have the potential to assist in identifying patients with HCC and PVTT who may benefit from surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correction notice in the Asia Pacific Journal of Management addresses an update to the article "Leading via virtual communication: a longitudinal field experiment on work team creativity in an extreme context." The revision adds Jun Yin as a co-corresponding author alongside Lan Wang. The original article has been corrected, and the publisher, Springer Nature, maintains neutrality regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

The extant literature has largely conceptualized abusive supervision as a hot and impulsive form of aggression. In this paper, we offer a cold and strategic perspective on how abusive supervision might be used strategically to achieve goals. Drawing on the Machiavellian literature and social interaction theory of aggression, we develop a moderated serial mediation model, in which leader Machiavellianism predicts their strategic use of abusive supervision on subordinates via the mediating role of leaders' guanxi with direct supervisor. We further theorize that this mediation effect is more pronounced when guanxi among team members (team member guanxi, TMG) is stronger, because Mach leaders are more likely to perceive high TMG as a threat to their power. Finally, we propose that Mach leaders' strategic use of abusive supervision has negative implications for team outcomes, manifested in low levels of team voice and team organizational citizenship behaviors toward fellow team members (OCBI). Analyses of two studies—Study 1 using multi-wave data (355 leaders) from a US sample and Study 2 using a multi-wave, multi-source, and multilevel data (1252 subordinates and 273 leaders) from a Chinese sample—corroborated our model. This study provides a comprehensive examination of who, how, and when strategic abuse unfolds in the workplace and its negative implication for team outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positivity is considered a prior hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, little is known about the effect of HBcAb positivity on surgical safety for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA). The present study aims to investigate the role of HBcAb positivity on postoperative complications of hCCA. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the status of HBcAb positivity, liver fibrosis, perioperative surgical complications, and long‐term outcomes of hCCA patients with Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negativity who underwent surgical treatment in Tongji Hospital from April 2012 to September 2019. Results: HBcAb positivity with negative HBsAg occurs in 137 hCCA patients (63.1%). A total of 99 hCCA patients with negative HBsAg underwent extended hemihepatectomy, of whom 69 (69.7%) and 30 (30.3%) were HBcAb‐positive and HBcAb‐negative, respectively. Significant fibrosis was detected in 63.8% of the patients with HBcAb‐positive, which was markedly higher than those with HBcAb‐negative (36.7%) (p = 0.016). The postoperative complications and 90‐day mortality rates were 37.4% (37/99) and 8.1% (8/99), respectively. The incidence of postoperative complications in HBcAb‐positive patients (44.9%) was significantly higher than that in HBcAb‐negative patients (20.0%) (p = 0.018). All the patients who died within 30‐day after surgery were HBcAb‐positive. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors for complications were HBcAb positivity, preoperative cholangitis, portal occlusion >15 min, and significant fibrosis. There were no significant differences in recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between HBcAb‐positive and HBcAb‐negative patients (p = 0.642 and p = 0.400, respectively). Conclusions: HBcAb positivity is a common phenomenon in hCCA patients from China, a country with highly prevalent HBcAb positivity. The status of HBcAb‐positive markedly increases the incidence of postoperative complications after extended hemihepatectomy for hCCA patients. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of HBcAb positivity in hCCA patients and explore the effect of HBcAb positivity on postoperative complications of hCCA patients after curative resection. Among all the 217 patients, 160 (73.7%) patients were HBcAb positive. Data of 99 HBsAg negative patients who underwent curative resection were analyzed, and the HBcAb positivity markedly increased the risk of postoperative complications and mortality after curative resection for hCCA. Surgeons should pay more attention to HBcAb status in hCCA patients with negative HBsAg, which could help them to select optimal surgical modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irradiation-induced defects frequently impede the slip of dislocations, resulting in a sharp decline in the performance of nuclear reactor structural materials, particularly core structural materials. In the present work, molecular dynamics method is used to investigate the interactions between edge dislocations and three typical irradiation-induced defects (void, Frank loop, and stacking fault tetrahedron) with the sizes of 3 nm, 5 nm, and 7 nm at different temperatures in Fe–10Ni–20Cr alloy. The critical resolved shear stresses (CRSSs) are compared among different defect types after interacting with edge dislocations. The results show that the CRSS decreases with temperature increasing and defect size decreasing for each defect type during the interaction with edge dislocations, except for the case of 3-nm Frank loops at 900 K. According to a comparison, the CRSS in Frank loop is significantly higher than that of others of the same size, which is due to the occurrence of unfaulting and formation of superjog or stacking-fault complex during the interaction. The atomic evolution of irradiation-induced defects after interacting with dislocations can provide a novel insight into the design of new structural materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The "Letter from the Editor" in Management & Organization Review discusses a perspective paper by Zhang and Chen on adopting mental health research practices in management research. Two senior scholars, Jerry Davis and Ray Friedman, provide commentaries on the paper, with Davis advocating for research on transient societal problems and Friedman cautioning against prioritizing facts over theory. The issue also includes six articles covering topics from individual behavior to organizational dynamics, encouraging scholars to engage in debates to shape future research directions. [Extracted from the article]

The letter from the editor of Management & Organization Review discusses the publishing cycle in management journals compared to other disciplines, such as health science and engineering. The editor encourages readers to participate in the discussion and dialogue surrounding this topic. The letter also highlights various research articles in the issue, including studies on Chinese multinational enterprises' investment in overseas markets, the influence of geopolitical factors on labor market policies in Cameroon, motives behind Chinese FDI, and corporate social responsibility of Chinese MNEs. The letter concludes with articles focusing on firm and individual behaviors within the Chinese context, including the promotion of bribery activities and the importance of institutional knowledge for CEOs. The issue ends on a positive note with an article on employee voice and achievement-driven employees. [Extracted from the article]

Nitrogen reduction electrocatalysts are highly attractive for catalytic science. However, most electrocatalysts are limited by their low faradaic efficiency, poor ammonia yield, and tedious and costly catalyst synthesis process. In this work, Fe‐based oxide composite nanoparticles with steady chemical states are prepared by a single‐step green procedure under ambient conditions. The resulting Fe−Fe3O4 demonstrates remarkable activity and selectivity for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) with the highest faradaic efficiency of 53.2±1.8 % and NH3 yield rate of 24.6±0.8 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at −0.4 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 m Na2SO4 electrolyte. Characterization experiments and theoretical calculation reveal that Fe−Fe3O4 exhibits significantly enhanced charge transfer capability and suppresses the competitive HER process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the existence of ground state solutions for the Schrödinger–Poisson system −Δu + V(x)u + ϕu = |u|4u + λ|u|p−2u in R 3 and −Δϕ = u2 in R 3 , where λ > 0 and p ∈ [4, 6). Here, V (x) ∈ C ( R 3 , R) , V(x) = V1(x) for x1 > 0, and V(x) = V2(x) for x1 < 0, where V1, V2 are periodic functions in each coordinate direction. In this paper, we give a splitting lemma corresponding to the nonperiodic potential and, then, prove the existence of ground state solutions for any λ > 0 when p ∈ (4, 6). Moreover, when p = 4, the above system possesses a ground state solution for λ > 0 sufficiently large. It is worth underlining that the technique employed in this paper is also valid for the Sobolev subcritical problem studied by Cheng and Wang [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., Ser. B 27, 6295 (2022)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the following critical Schrödinger–Poisson system - Δ u + V (x) u + K (x) ϕ u = f (u) + | u | 4 u , x ∈ R 3 , - Δ ϕ = K (x) u 2 , x ∈ R 3 , where V(x) is a (possible) sign-changing potential, K(x) is a nonnegative function and the nonlinearity f ∈ C (R , R) . By using variational methods with a more general global compactness lemma, we obtain a positive least energy solution and a least energy sign-changing solution with exactly two nodal domains, and we also prove that the energy of least energy sign-changing solution is strictly larger than twice that of least energy solutions. Moreover, this paper further analyzes the exponential decay of the positive least energy solution given by Liu, Liao and Tang (Nonlinearity30 (2017), 899–911), and can be regarded as the supplementary work of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and bone metastasis (BM) suffer from greatly reduced life quality and a dismal prognosis. However, BM in HCC has long been overlooked possibly due to its relatively low prevalence in previous decades. To date, no consensus or guidelines have been reached or formulated for the prevention and management of HCC BM. Our narrative review manifests the increasing incidence of HCC BM to sound the alarm for additional attention. The risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches of HCC BM are detailed to provide a panoramic view of this disease to clinicians and specialists. We further delineate an informative cancer bone metastatic cascade based on evidence from recent studies and point out the main factors responsible for the tumor-associated disruption of bone homeostasis and the formation of skeletal cancer lesions. We also present the advances in the pathological and molecular mechanisms of HCC BM to shed light on translational opportunities. Dilemmas and challenges in the treatment and investigation of HCC BM are outlined and discussed to encourage further endeavors in the exploration of underlying pathogenic and molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of novel effective therapies for HCC patients with BM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: 101BHG-D01 nasal spray is the first novel long-acting cholinergic M receptor antagonist under development to treat rhinorrhea in rhinitis. This first-in-human study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of 101BHG-D01 nasal spray following single intranasal doses in healthy Chinese subjects. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose escalation study was conducted in healthy Chinese volunteers after intranasal doses of 101BHG-D01 nasal spray or placebo ranging from 40 µg to 960 µg (total of six doses). Blood samples were collected at scheduled time points, and plasma concentrations were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. A non-compartmental method was used to calculate the main pharmacokinetic parameters, including the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the time of the last measurable concentration (AUC0–t), the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞), the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), and the elimination half-life (t1/2). Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events, laboratory assays, vital signs, physical examinations, 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs), anterior rhinoscopy, ophthalmic examination, and ambulatory ECG monitoring. Results: Following single intranasal dosing, 101BHG-D01 was rapidly absorbed with a median Tmax of 0.34–0.50 h and eliminated slowly with a mean t1/2 ranging from 4.29 to 46.76 h for different dose groups. The Cmax and AUC of 101BHG-D01 increased linearly across the examined dose range of 40–960 µg. 101BHG-D01 nasal spray was well tolerated, all AEs were mild, and no serious adverse events occurred during the study. Conclusions: 101BHG-D01 nasal spray was safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects when administered intranasally in single escalating doses. The mean Cmax and AUC increased proportionally to the studied dose. The pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability profiles of 101BHG-D01 nasal spray indicate that it is a good candidate for further development as a treatment for rhinorrhea in rhinitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogeneous and frequently contains multifocal tumors, but how the multifocal tumors relate to each other in terms of HBV integration and other genomic patterns is not clear. Methods: To interrogate heterogeneity of HBV-HCC, we developed a HBV genome enriched single cell sequencing (HGE-scSeq) procedure and a computational method to identify HBV integration sites and infer DNA copy number variations (CNVs). Results: We performed HGE-scSeq on 269 cells from four tumor sites and two tumor thrombi of a HBV-HCC patient. HBV integrations were identified in 142 out of 269 (53%) cells sequenced, and were enriched in two HBV integration hotspots chr1:34,397,059 (CSMD2) and chr8:118,557,327 (MED30/EXT1). There were also 162 rare integration sites. HBV integration sites were enriched in DNA fragile sites and sequences around HBV integration sites were enriched for microhomologous sequences between human and HBV genomes. CNVs were inferred for each individual cell and cells were grouped into four clonal groups based on their CNVs. Cells in different clonal groups had different degrees of HBV integration heterogeneity. All of 269 cells carried chromosome 1q amplification, a recurrent feature of HCC tumors, suggesting that 1q amplification occurred before HBV integration events in this case study. Further, we performed simulation studies to demonstrate that the sequential events (HBV infecting transformed cells) could result in the observed phenotype with biologically reasonable parameters. Conclusion: Our HGE-scSeq data reveals high heterogeneity of HCC tumor cells in terms of both HBV integrations and CNVs. There were two HBV integration hotspots across cells, and cells from multiple tumor sites shared some HBV integration and CNV patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common human γ-herpesvirus, infects more than 90% of adults worldwide. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel EBV detection method by combining the recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay with an initial enrichment step that utilizes magnetic beads coated with a recombinant human mannan-binding lectin (rhMBL, M1 protein). An M1 protein–protein A magnetic bead complex (M1 beads) was prepared and used to achieve separation and enrichment of EBV from blood. After nucleic acid extraction, DNA was amplified by RAA. Using 388 whole blood samples and 1 serum sample, we explored the specificity, sensitivity and applicability of the newly developed detection method and compared it with commercial quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) following M1 bead enrichment, traditional qPCR and traditional RAA. After enrichment, the positivity rate of EBV was increased from 15.94% to 17.74% by RAA (P < 0.05) and from 7.20% to 15.17% by qPCR (P < 0.05). The viral loads after enrichment were increased by 1.13 to 23.19-fold (P < 0.05). Our data demonstrates that an RAA assay incorporating M1 bead enrichment is a promising tool for detecting low EBV viral loads in blood samples that will facilitate an early response to EBV infection. Key points: The RAA with an enrichment step that utilizes magnetic beads coated with M1 protein. A very effective method for detecting low-load virus in blood samples. The first report describing virus detection using this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes associated with thyroid carcinoma (TC) have rarely been reported, especially in East Asian populations. Methods: We examined tumor tissue from a cohort of 241 patients diagnosed with TC between 2008 and 2020. MMR proteins were detected using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry in order to identify MMR-protein-deficient (MMR-D) and MMR-protein-intact (MMR-I) tumors. We retrospectively summarized the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with MMR-D TC, measured the expression of PD-L1, and recorded overall survival (OS) and other clinical outcomes. Results: In our cohort, there were 18 (7.5%) MMR-D (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) patients, including 12 with papillary TC (PTC) (6.7%), 2 with poorly differentiated TC (PDTC) (4.7%), and 4 with anaplastic TC (ATC) (22.2%). Half of them (9/18) showed a specific deletion in MSH6, and 6 of them also carried variants in the MSH6 and PMS2 gene. Survival was significantly better in patients with MMR-D ATC than in those with MMR-I tumors (p = 0.033). Four of the 18 MMR-D patients (22%) were found to be PD-L1 positive. Their OS was much shorter than that of PD-L1-negative patients. Conclusions: MMR-D and PD-L1 positivity appear to be associated with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in TC. The results indicate that MMR status may have important prognostic significance in TC. Therefore, immune checkpoint inhibitors that target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may be a treatment option for TCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There exists no broad agreement of experts on the practice of pharmaceutical care for cancer pain management in outpatient clinics. Objectives: This study aimed to use the Delphi consensus process to provide expert recommendations on the practice of cancer pain management in outpatient clinics from the point of view of pharmaceutical care in clinical practice and future clinical trials. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to draft the initial practice. In this process, 30–40 senior experts from various provinces in China were invited to rank the items of practice during the two Delphi consultations. The definitions of consensus included a combination with an average score of ≥4, the percentage of experts rating the scores at >4 points, and the coefficient of variation of the scores. Results: The expert panel comprised 18 pharmacists, 3 anesthesiologists, 6 oncologists, and 9 nurses. As a result of a comprehensive review, 33 items were initially formed. Among them, the consensus was reached for 27 items after the first Delphi round. The other six items and a total of five items for supplementation entered the second round, among which consensus was reached for eight items and three items were excluded. Expert consensus was achieved on 35 items after two rounds of consultation, which involved the collection of patient basic information, comprehensive pain assessment, breakthrough or neuropathic pain assessment, analgesic treatment evaluation, out-of-hospital follow-up, medical records, and evidence-based documents for reference. Conclusion: The final list of 35 items could be used to develop the practice of pharmaceutical care for cancer pain management in outpatient clinics in China. The practice may aid in the standardization of pharmaceutical care for pain, relieve pain to the greatest extent possible, and enhance the level of pain management in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions for the Kirchhoff-type problem − a + b ∫ R 3 | ∇ u | 2 d x Δ u + V (x) u = f (u) , x ∈ R 3 , where a, b > 0 are parameters, V ∈ C ( R 3 , R) , and f ∈ C (R , R). Under weaker assumptions on V and f, by using variational methods with the aid of a new version of global compactness lemma, we prove that this problem has a least energy sign-changing solution with exactly two nodal domains, and its energy is strictly larger than twice that of least energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. It is critical to accurately identify patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and moderately SAP (MSAP) in a timely manner. The study was done to establish two early multi-indicator prediction models of MSAP and SAP. Methods. Clinical data of 469 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) between 2015 and 2020, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, and between 2012 and 2020, at the Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. The unweighted predictive score (unwScore) and weighted predictive score (wScore) for MSAP and SAP were derived using logistic regression analysis and were compared with four existing systems using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results. Seven prognostic indicators were selected for incorporation into models, including white blood cell count, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, triglyceride, D-dimer, serum potassium, and serum calcium. The cut-offs of the unwScore and wScore for predicting severity were set as 3 points and 0.513 points, respectively. The unwScore (AUC = 0.854) and wScore (AUC = 0.837) were superior to the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score (AUC = 0.526), the bedside index for severity in AP score (AUC = 0.766), and the Ranson score (AUC = 0.693) in predicting MSAP and SAP, which were equivalent to the modified computed tomography severity index score (AUC = 0.823). Conclusions. The unwScore and wScore have good predictive value for MSAP and SAP, which could provide a valuable clinical reference for management and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The letter from the editor of Management and Organization Review highlights several articles that provide groundbreaking insights into Chinese firms. One article examines firms' rhetorical nationalism, showing a continuous rise in nationalism among Chinese firms and its relationship to strategic and socialization factors. Another study explores how nationalism was used to legitimize the illegal Shan-Zhai phone business in China. Additionally, research investigates the relationship between identity and corporate tax avoidance, the influence of religious institutional environments on executive pay dispersion, and how Chinese manufacturing firms respond to performance feedback. Lastly, a study compares the importance of firm-specific resources in determining growth and profit performance across different markets. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how Chinese firms navigate cultural, social, and environmental changes. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Ingestion of fish bones leading to gastric perforation and inducing abscess formation in the caudate lobe of the liver is very rare. Case presentation: A 67-year-old man presented to our hospital with a 2-day history of subxiphoid pain. There were no specific symptoms other than pain. Laboratory tests showed only an increase in the number and percentage of neutrophils. Contrast-enhanced Computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed two linear dense opacities in the gastric cardia, one of which penetrated the stomach and was adjacent to the caudate lobe of the liver, with inflammatory changes in the caudate lobe. We finally diagnosed his condition as a caudate lobe abscess secondary to intestinal perforation caused by a fishbone based on the history and imaging findings. The patient underwent 3D laparoscopic partial caudate lobectomy, incision and drainage of the liver abscess, and fishbone removal. The procedure was successful and we removed the fishbone from the liver. The patient was discharged on the 9th postoperative day without other complications. Conclusions: Liver abscess caused by foreign bodies requires multidisciplinary treatment. Especially when located in the caudate lobe, we must detect and remove the cause of the abscess as early as possible. Foreign bodies that perforate the gastrointestinal tract can penetrate to the liver and cause abscess formation, as in this case. When exploring the etiology of liver abscesses, we should investigate the general condition, including the whole gastrointestinal tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ingestion of fish bones leading to gastric perforation and inducing abscess formation in the caudate lobe of the liver is very rare.Case Presentation: A 67-year-old man presented to our hospital with a 2-day history of subxiphoid pain. There were no specific symptoms other than pain. Laboratory tests showed only an increase in the number and percentage of neutrophils. Contrast-enhanced Computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed two linear dense opacities in the gastric cardia, one of which penetrated the stomach and was adjacent to the caudate lobe of the liver, with inflammatory changes in the caudate lobe. We finally diagnosed his condition as a caudate lobe abscess secondary to intestinal perforation caused by a fishbone based on the history and imaging findings. The patient underwent 3D laparoscopic partial caudate lobectomy, incision and drainage of the liver abscess, and fishbone removal. The procedure was successful and we removed the fishbone from the liver. The patient was discharged on the 9th postoperative day without other complications.Conclusions: Liver abscess caused by foreign bodies requires multidisciplinary treatment. Especially when located in the caudate lobe, we must detect and remove the cause of the abscess as early as possible. Foreign bodies that perforate the gastrointestinal tract can penetrate to the liver and cause abscess formation, as in this case. When exploring the etiology of liver abscesses, we should investigate the general condition, including the whole gastrointestinal tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

18 β -glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is the active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma. We previously demonstrated that GA inhibited tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effect of GA on transforming growth factor- β (TGF- β) -induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis were still unclear. In this study, in vitro transwell assays and immunofluorescence (IF) demonstrated that GA inhibited TGF- β -induced migration, invasion and EMT of HCC cells. However, it had little effect on the inhibition of proliferation by TGF- β. Moreover, we confirmed that GA suppressed the metastasis of HCC cells in vivousing an ectopic lung metastasis model. Furthermore, we found that GA inhibited TGF- β -induced EMT mainly by reducing the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which played an essential role in TGF- β -induced EMT and cell mobility. Mechanistically, GA inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 by increasing the expression of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases 1 and 2 (SHP1 and SHP2). Therefore, we concluded that GA inhibited TGF- β -induced EMT and metastasis via the SHP1&SHP2/STAT3/Snail pathway. Our data provide an attractive therapeutic target for future multimodal management of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Growing evidence suggests that circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters may be an important factor in the metastatic process, but their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the molecular and clinical features of CTC cluster-positive human HCC and to assess its prognostic value in HCC patients. Methods: The CTCs and CTC clusters were evaluated in 204 HCC patients using CellSearch™ System. The counts of CTCs and CTC clusters were correlated with different clinical features, while their associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated integrally and hierarchically by Kaplan–Meier estimates or Cox proportional regression analysis. Five cases each of CTC cluster-negative and cluster-positive patients were selected for RNA-sequencing analysis. The results of gene enrichment analysis were further verified using tissue microarray (TMA) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: CTCs and CTC clusters were detected in 76 (37.3%) and 19 (9.3%) of 204 preoperative samples, respectively. CTC cluster-positive HCC represented an aggressive HCC phenotype with larger tumor size, more frequent microvascular invasion, and higher tumor stages. The survival of HCC patients utilizing CTCs and CTC clusters individually showed prognostic significance, while joint analysis revealed patients in Group III (CTC ≥ 2 and CTC cluster > 0) had the worst outcome. Stratified analysis of outcomes in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stages indicated that patients with CTC clusters had significantly poorer prognosis in each stage than those without CTC clusters. Moreover, the RNA sequencing and TMA staining results showed that CTC cluster-positive HCCs were usually associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Conclusion: The presence of CTC clusters characterizes an aggressive HCC subtype. CTC clusters may be used as a biomarker in predicting the prognosis on each stage of malignancy in HCC, which provides evidence for formulating therapeutic strategies for more precise treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The CXC chemokines belong to a unique family of cytokines that participates in the progression and development of many malignant tumors. Evidence for the relationship between chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) C1208T polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer remains inconsistent.Methods: Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and combined analysis were used to investigate the effect of CXCR2 variation on cancer risk. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were also used to evaluate the expression of CXCR2 in prostate cancer (PCA).Results: Across 11 case-control studies, 4,909 cases and 5,884 controls were involved in the current analysis. Individuals with a TT genotype were associated with increased risk of digestive cancer, compared to those with a TC+CC genotype (OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.02-1.31, P = 0.025). Individuals carrying the TT genotype had a 39% higher risk of urinary cancer than those carrying CC genotype (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.04-1.87, P = 0.025). Individuals with a TT genotype showed a 56% augmented breast cancer risk, compared to those with a CC genotype (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.03-2.35, P = 0.034). It was found that CXCR2 expression was downregulated in PCA. Compared with PCA subjects carrying the CC genotype, the expression of CXCR2 was decreased in patients with the TT genotype.Conclusions: The CXCR2 C1208T variation was associated with elevated risk of urinary, breast, and digestive cancer. However, the C1208T polymorphism was correlated with attenuated risk of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually associated with varying degrees of cirrhosis. Among cirrhotic patients with solitary HCC in the absence of macro-vascular invasion, whether tumor size drives prognosis or not after hepatectomy remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of tumor size on long-term outcomes after hepatectomy for solitary HCC patients with cirrhosis and without macrovascular invasion. A total of 813 cirrhotic patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for solitary HCC and without macrovascular invasion between 2001 and 2014 were retrospectively studied. We set 5 cm as the tumor cut-off value. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to minimize the influence of potential confounders including cirrhotic severity that was histologically assessed according to the Laennec staging system. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups before and after PSM. Overall, 464 patients had tumor size ≤ 5 cm, and 349 had tumor size > 5 cm. The 5-year RFS and OS rates were 38.3% and 61.5% in the ≤ 5 cm group, compared with 25.1% and 59.9% in the > 5 cm group. Long-term survival outcomes were significantly worse as tumor size increased. Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor size > 5 cm was an independent risk factor for tumor recurrence and long-term survival. These results were further confirmed in the PSM cohort of 235 pairs of patients. In cirrhotic patients with solitary HCC and without macrovascular invasion, tumor size may significantly affect the prognosis after curative hepatectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant mechanical properties and immunosuppression are the two key factors that limit the antitumor efficacy of T cell immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors, e.g., programmed cell death‐1 antibody (PD‐1 Ab), against solid tumors in the clinic. This study leverages hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for the first time to address these two issues and reports the PD‐1‐Ab‐mediated immune responses against various stroma‐rich solid malignancies. The results demonstrate that HBO promoted PD‐1 Ab delivery and T cells infiltration into tumor parenchyma by depleting the extracellular matrix's main components, such as collagen and fibronectin. Furthermore, HBO disrupts hypoxia‐mediated immunosuppression and helps PD‐1 Ab trigger robust cytotoxic T lymphocytes and long‐lasting immunological memory to inhibit tumor relapses. Such enhanced immune responses are effective in solid tumors from rodents and the cancer cells from hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The results illustrate that HBO bolsters antitumor efficacy of PD‐1 Ab, and the HBO–PD‐1 Ab combination is a promising stroma‐rich solid tumors' treatment in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze a Chinese institution's experience with managing cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) and observe the effects of a new therapeutic approach for postoperative drainage system. Methods: A retrospective study was established including a total of 46 CNF patients who underwent surgical debridement between April 2006 and April 2018. Analyses of demographic data, etiology, comorbidity, microbiology, complications, treatment methods, duration of treatment, and treatment outcomes were obtained. Results: There were 16 kinds of microbes cultured in 29 patients. Diabetic patients were more commonly infected by microbes (P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the number of operative time (P < 0.05) and length of hospitalization (P < 0.01) with postoperative therapy of double-cannula irrigation–drainage (DCID) system. Conclusion: CNF management includes controlling for comorbidities especially glycemic control and reasonable utilization of antibiotics and aggressive postoperative therapy. DCID system can effectively reduce operative frequency and duration of hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do authoritarian leaders in modern organizations influence work team emotional climate and performance? Defining authoritarian leadership as an ambient, demanding, and controlling leadership style, we conducted a survey study of 252 leaders and 765 subordinates matched in 227 work teams in three large public Japanese organizations. The results indicate that authoritarian leaders are more likely to create a team climate of emotion suppression, which induces a higher level of team emotional exhaustion that negatively impacts team performance. Furthermore, we found that authoritarian leaders' own emotion suppression enhances the above sequential mediation effects, i.e. the more emotion suppression the authoritarian leader him/herself exercises, the stronger the team climate of emotion suppression, the higher the level of team emotional exhaustion, and the lower the team performance. These findings suggest that leadership effectiveness may be improved if leaders can reduce their authoritarian behaviors and identify appropriate channels for employees to release emotions in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]