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Background: Studies has suggested that receiving social support improves the professional identity of health professional students. According to the two-way social support theory, social support includes receiving social support and giving social support. However, the effect of the two-way social support on health professional students' professional identity has not been clarified yet. Methods: To explore the mechanism of how two-way social support affects health professional students' professional identity, an observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience and cluster sample of 1449 health professional students from two medical schools in western China. Measures included a short version of the two-way social support scale, a health professional students' professional identity questionnaire, an achievement motivation scale, and a meaning in life scale. (Data were analyzed by use of SPSS26.0 software, Amos 28.0 software, and PROCESSv4.0 plug-in.). Results: Receiving social support, giving social support, achievement motivation, meaning in life, and professional identity were positively correlated with each other. Receiving and giving social support not only directly predicted health professional students' professional identity, but also indirectly predicted health professional students' professional identity through the mediating roles of achievement motivation and meaning in life, and the chain mediating roles of achievement motivation and meaning in life, respectively. The effectiveness of predicting health professional students' professional identity varied among different types of two-way social support, which could be depicted as two-way social support > mainly giving social support > mainly receiving social support > low two-way social support. Conclusion: In the medical education, the awareness and ability of health professional students to receive and give social support should be strengthened. More attention should be drawn on the chain mediating effect of achievement motivation and meaning in life between two-way social support and professional identity. The current results shed new light on exploring effective ways of improving health professional students' professional identity, which suggested that more attention should be paid to the positive effects of mainly giving social support and two-way social support rather than only on the effects of receiving social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies has suggested that receiving social support improves the professional identity of health professional students. According to the two-way social support theory, social support includes receiving social support and giving social support. However, the effect of the two-way social support on health professional students' professional identity has not been clarified yet. Methods: To explore the mechanism of how two-way social support affects health professional students' professional identity, an observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience and cluster sample of 1449 health professional students from two medical schools in western China. Measures included a short version of the two-way social support scale, a health professional students' professional identity questionnaire, an achievement motivation scale, and a meaning in life scale. Data were analyzed by use of SPSS26.0 software and PROCESSv4.0 plug-in. Results: Receiving social support, giving social support, achievement motivation, meaning in life, and professional identity were positively correlated with each other. Receiving and giving social support not only directly predicted health professional students' professional identity, but also indirectly predicted health professional students' professional identity through the mediating roles of achievement motivation and meaning in life, and the chain mediating roles of achievement motivation and meaning in life, respectively. The effectiveness of predicting health professional students' professional identity varied among different types of two-way social support, which could be depicted as two-way social support > mainly giving social support > mainly receiving social support > low two-way social support. Conclusion: In the medical education, the awareness and ability of health professional students to receive and give social support should be strengthened. More attention should be drawn on the chain mediating effect of achievement motivation and meaning in life between two-way social support and professional identity. The current results shed new light on exploring effective ways of improving health professional students' professional identity, which suggested that more attention should be paid to the positive effects of mainly giving social support and two-way social support rather than only on the effects of receiving social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication in diabetic patients that poses a serious risk as it can cause substantial visual impairment and even vision loss. Due to the prolonged onset of DR, lengthy treatment duration, and limited therapeutic effectiveness, it is extremely important to find a new strategy for the treatment of DR. Postbiotic is an emerging dietary supplement which consists of the inactivate microbiota and its metabolites. Numerous animal experiments have demonstrated that intervention with postbiotics reduces hyperglycemia, attenuates retinal peripapillary and endothelial cell damage, improves retinal microcirculatory dysfunction, and consequently delays the progression of DR. More strikingly, unlike conventional probiotics and prebiotics, postbiotics with small molecules can directly colonize the intestinal epithelial cells, and exert heat-resistant, acid-resistant, and durable for storage. Despite few clinical significance, oral administration with postbiotics might become the effective management for the prevention and treatment of DR. In this review, we summarized the basic conception, classification, molecular mechanisms, and the advances in the therapeutic implications of postbiotics in the pathogenesis of DR. Postbiotics present great potential as a viable adjunctive therapy for DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent chronic autoimmune disease that affects individuals of all age groups. Recently, the association between RA and the gut microbiome has led to the investigation of postbiotics as potential therapeutic strategies. Postbiotics refer to inactivated microbial cells, cellular components, or their metabolites that are specifically intended for the microbiota. Postbiotics not only profoundly influence the occurrence and development of RA, but they also mediate various inflammatory pathways, immune processes, and bone metabolism. Although they offer a variety of mechanisms and may even be superior to more conventional "biotics" such as probiotics and prebiotics, research on their efficacy and clinical significance in RA with disruptions to the intestinal microbiota remains limited. In this review, we provide an overview of the concept of postbiotics and summarize the current knowledge regarding postbiotics and their potential use in RA therapy. Postbiotics show potential as a viable adjunctive therapy option for RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a multi–convolutional neural network (CNN)-based system for the detection, tracking, and recognition of the emotions of dogs in surveillance videos. This system detects dogs in each frame of a video, tracks the dogs in the video, and recognizes the dogs' emotions. The system uses a YOLOv3 model for dog detection. The dogs are tracked in real time with a deep association metric model (DeepDogTrack), which uses a Kalman filter combined with a CNN for processing. Thereafter, the dogs' emotional behaviors are categorized into three types—angry (or aggressive), happy (or excited), and neutral (or general) behaviors—on the basis of manual judgments made by veterinary experts and custom dog breeders. The system extracts sub-images from videos of dogs, determines whether the images are sufficient to recognize the dogs' emotions, and uses the long short-term deep features of dog memory networks model (LDFDMN) to identify the dog's emotions. The dog detection experiments were conducted using two image datasets to verify the model's effectiveness, and the detection accuracy rates were 97.59% and 94.62%, respectively. Detection errors occurred when the dog's facial features were obscured, when the dog was of a special breed, when the dog's body was covered, or when the dog region was incomplete. The dog-tracking experiments were conducted using three video datasets, each containing one or more dogs. The highest tracking accuracy rate (93.02%) was achieved when only one dog was in the video, and the highest tracking rate achieved for a video containing multiple dogs was 86.45%. Tracking errors occurred when the region covered by a dog's body increased as the dog entered or left the screen, resulting in tracking loss. The dog emotion recognition experiments were conducted using two video datasets. The emotion recognition accuracy rates were 81.73% and 76.02%, respectively. Recognition errors occurred when the background of the image was removed, resulting in the dog region being unclear and the incorrect emotion being recognized. Of the three emotions, anger was the most prominently represented; therefore, the recognition rates for angry emotions were higher than those for happy or neutral emotions. Emotion recognition errors occurred when the dog's movements were too subtle or too fast, the image was blurred, the shooting angle was suboptimal, or the video resolution was too low. Nevertheless, the current experiments revealed that the proposed system can correctly recognize the emotions of dogs in videos. The accuracy of the proposed system can be dramatically increased by using more images and videos for training the detection, tracking, and emotional recognition models. The system can then be applied in real-world situations to assist in the early identification of dogs that may exhibit aggressive behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels provides an efficient way to store the renewable energy in the production of fuels and chemicals. However, effectively converting CO2 to ethanol remains extremely challenging due to the low activity and selectivity. Herein, we achieve a high ethanol Faradaic efficiency (FE) as high as 85% on Ag nanowires (NWs) for CO2 electroreduction at −0.95 V. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical experiments prove that such Ag NWs are partially oxidized. Operando Raman spectroscopy finds the important CO intermediate adsorbed on partially oxidized Ag NWs, facilitating the ethanol formation. Density functional theory calculations prove that the reaction energy of CO coupling with the *CHO to *COCHO intermediate on the partially oxidized Ag NWs is smaller than that on the surface of Cu, which explains why the ethanol FE of such partially oxidized Ag NWs can exceed that of Cu, and therefore is the most favorable pathway for the formation of C2 products on partially oxidized Ag NWs. This study provides a new insight to design efficient catalysts and investigate the mechanisms to improve the selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three-dimensional (3D) spatial data, two-dimensional (2D) texture information, and automatic marking processes were used for the detection and classification of car parts. The automatic marking processes involved automatic car part segmentation and classification, car part detection and classification on the basis of images of 2D textures, and car part segmentation and car identification on the basis of a 3D point cloud. The 2D image processing system identifies car parts and generates numerous car texture images, which are subjected to three stages of processing. In the first stage of processing, automated segmentation technology is used to segment images; in the second stage, different types of training images with various backgrounds are generated; and in the third stage, the You Only Look Once v3 model is used to identify car parts on the basis of the generated training images. The adopted 3D model conducts processing over two stages. In the first stage, a 3D triangular grid is combined with a texture image to achieve car part identification at a grid point by employing a PointNet model trained using ground truth data. In the second stage, the trained PointNet model is used for detecting the parts of a 3D car model on the basis of 3D triangular mesh data. The precision of fine part segmentation from texture images was considerably higher than that of simple part segmentation. In car part detection and classification experiments on texture images, the mean intersection over union (mIoU) and mean average percentage both exceeded 70%. In a 3D car model experiment conducted using the ShapeNet dataset, the average mIoU and accuracy were 73.66% and 90.2%, respectively. When the developed PointNet model was trained using the Train-2000 dataset, the mIoU and accuracy of the model were 40.6% and 56.64%, respectively. When the developed PointNet model was trained using the Train dataset, the mIoU and accuracy of the model were 40.73% and 61.61%, respectively. The developed model achieved a 4.97% higher accuracy when training it with the Train dataset than when training it with the Train-2000 dataset. However, the mIoU of this model was only 0.13% higher when it was trained with the Train dataset than when it was trained with the Train-2000 dataset. When 3DNetWeight-2 was used as the initial parameter of the developed model in the final training, the mIoU and accuracy of the model were 44.27% and 61.98%, respectively—3.54% and 0.97% higher than those obtained without transfer learning, respectively. In sum, the proposed method can identify different parts of objects, and the findings serve as a reference for the design of simulation systems for autonomous vehicles. There are also applied to automated automobile management, medical technology, military training, aerospace technology, and disaster response systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing recently and has become one of the most common clinical liver diseases. Since the pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been completely elucidated, few effective therapeutic drugs are available. As the "second genome" of human body, gut microbiota plays an important role in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of food and drugs. Gut microbiota can act as an important driver to advance the occurrence and development of NAFLD, and to accelerate its progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota and its metabolites directly affect intestinal morphology and immune response, resulting in the abnormal activation of inflammation and intestinal endotoxemia; gut dysbiosis also causes dysfunction of gut-liver axis via alteration of bile acid metabolism pathway. Because of its composition diversity and disease-specific expression characteristics, gut microbiota holds strong promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Intervening intestinal microbiota, such as antibiotic/probiotic treatment and fecal transplantation, has been a novel strategy for preventing and treating NAFLD. In this article, we have reviewed the emerging functions and association of gut bacterial components in different stages of NAFLD progression and discussed its potential implications in NAFLD diagnosis and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6-methyladenine (m6A) is one of the most common RNA epigenetic modifications in all higher eukaryotes. Increasing evidence demonstrated that m6A-related proteins, acted as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, are abnormally expressed in the cell lines and tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, lung as the special immune organ contacts with the outer environments and thereby inevitably suffers from different types of microbial pathogen attack. Those microbial pathogens affect the development, progression, and clinical outcomes of NSCLC via altering host m6A modification to disrupt pulmonary immune homeostasis and increase the susceptibility; conversely, host cells modulate m6A modification to repress bacterial colonization. Therefore, m6A harbors the potential to be the novel biomarkers and targets for predicting poor prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity of patients with lung cancer. In this paper, we provided an overview of the biological properties of m6A-modifying enzymes, and the mechanistic links among lung microbiota, m6A modification and NSCLC. Although the flood of novel m6A-related inhibitors represents many dramatic improvements in NSCLC therapy, their efficacy and toxicity in NSCLC are explored to address these pivotal gaps in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut dysbiosis has emerged as a prominent player in the pathogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), which in turn intensifies dysregulated gut microbiota composition and inflammation. Since most drugs are given orally, this dysbiosis directly and indirectly impinges the absorption and metabolism of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract, and subsequently affects the clinical outcome of patients with CRC. Herbal medicine, including the natural bioactive products, have been used traditionally for centuries and can be considered as novel medicinal sources for anticancer drug discovery. Due to their various structures and pharmacological effects, natural products have been found to improve microbiota composition, repair intestinal barrier and reduce inflammation in human and animal models of CRC. This review summarizes the chemo-preventive effects of extracts and/or compounds derived from natural herbs as the promising antineoplastic agents against CRC, and will provide innovative strategies to counteract dysregulated microbiota and improve the lives of CRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been considered as a common risk factor of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, very few studies have been conducted on the effects of COPD on the lung microbiota in patients with NSCLC. To identify the lung microbiota in patients with COPD and NSCLC (CN), the microbiome of the induced sputa of 90 patients was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed no significant differences in the bacterial diversities of induced sputa among patients with COPD, NSCLC, and CN and no intrinsic differences among patients with different pathological types of lung cancer. After surgical operation, the diversities of the induced sputa in patients with CN significantly decreased. More remarkably, both the microbial community phenotypes and the components of the induced sputa in patients with CN obviously differed from those in patients with COPD or NSCLC. The relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Moraxella, and Actinomyces significantly decreased, but those of Neisseria and Acinetobacter significantly increased in patients with CN compared with those in patients with COPD or NSCLC alone, resulting in increased Gram-negative microbiota and, therefore, in potential pathogenicity and stress tolerance, as well as in enhancement of microbial glycolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Although COPD did not affect the number of pulmonary flora species in patients with NSCLC, these significant alterations in the microbial populations, phenotypes, and functions of induced sputa due to COPD would contribute to inflammation-derived cancer progression in patients with CN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "The relationship between social support and professional identity of health professional students from a two-way social support theory perspective: chain mediating effects of achievement motivation and meaning in life." The authors have identified errors in the original article and have made corrections. They have added the analysis software used in the methods section and made changes to the equal contribution statement. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral in terms of jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a dual‐band circularly polarized (CP) 2 × 2 sequentially rotated (SR) antenna array with four slot antennas, a wideband sequential‐phase shifter (SPS), and reflected plane for wireless local area network (WLAN) operations. By designing the four slot antennas for dual‐band CP operations, the wideband SPS including four outputs with a sequential phase shift of 90° for improving bandwidth, and a conductor‐backed reflected plane for enhancing antenna gain, a high‐gain and dual‐band CP SR antenna array can be realized. The measured impedance bandwidth for return loss of 10 dB is 93.81% (2.36‐6.5 GHz). Both measured CP bandwidths for axial ratio of 3 dB are 22.64% (2.35‐2.95 GHz) and 49.16% (4.5‐6.77 GHz), which can cover all the WLAN bands. Maximum antenna gains are 12.32, 9.91, and 11.66 dBic in the range of 2.4 to 2.484, 5.15 to 5.35, and 5.725 to 5.875 GHz, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The platelet-derived growth factor (PDFG) signaling pathway exerts persistent activation in response to a variety of stimuli and facilitates the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Since this pathway modulates a broad spectrum of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, inflammation and carcinogenesis, it has emerged as a therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis and liver-associated disorders. The present review exhibits the current knowledge of the role of the PDGF signaling pathway and its pathological profiles in hepatic fibrosis, and assesses the potential of inhibitors which have been investigated in the experimental hepatic fibrosis model, in addition to the clinical challenges associated with these inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On August 26, 2011, crizotinib received accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is ALK-positive as detected by a test approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Approval was based on two single-arm trialsdemonstratingobjectiveresponse rates (ORRs) of50%and 61% and median response durations of 42 and 48 weeks. On November 20, 2013, crizotinib received regular approval based on confirmation of clinical benefit in study A8081007, a randomized trial in 347 patients with ALK-positive advanced NSCLC who had previously received one platinum-containing regimen. Patients were assigned (1:1) to receive crizotinib 250 mg orally twice daily or standard of care (docetaxel or pemetrexed). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) determined by independent radiology review; secondary endpoints were ORR and overall survival (OS). PFS was significantly longer in the crizotinib arm, withmedianPFS of 7.7 and 3.0 months in the crizotinib and chemotherapy arms, respectively, and a 46% absolute increase in ORR but no differenceinOSbetweentreatmentarmsattheinterimanalysis. Themost common adverse drug reactions (.25%) in crizotinibtreated patients were vision disorders, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, edema, elevated transaminases, and fatigue. The most serious toxicities of crizotinib were hepatotoxicity, interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis, andQT-interval prolongation. Crizotinib's rapid clinical development program (6 years from identification of ALK rearrangements in a subset of NSCLC to full FDA approval) is a model of efficient drug development in this new era of molecularly targeted oncology therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]