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Aim: Third molars (M3) are the most common type of impacted tooth, and the prevalence of impaction varies between 27% and 68.8%. The aim of this study was to evaluate M3 according to their operative difficulty score and angulation. Material and Method: A total of 1000 patients who returned to our clinic for M3 extraction were included in the study. Preoperative clinical and radiological operative difficulty scores (ODS) and angulations were evaluated from 0 to 6. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: When M3 were evaluated according to ODS, 343 (34.3%) were ODS 1, 106 (10.6%) were ODS 3, 327 (32.7%) were ODS 4, 188 (18.8%) were ODS 5 and 36 (3.6%) were ODS 6. When evaluated according to their angulations, 621 (62.1%) M3 were found in the vertical position, 184 (18.4%) in the mesioangular position, 70 (7%) in the horizontal position, 104 (10.4%) in the distoangular position, and 21 (2.1%) in the buccolingual-palatal position. Conclusion: This study will allow the evaluation of the level of difficulty before the operation in the surgery of the M3 and the creation of a better treatment plan. Thus, perioperative and postoperative complications can be minimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the changes occurring in the mandibular condyle by using mentoplate together with rapid maxillary expansion (MP-RME) treatment in the correction of skeletal class III relationship, using fractal analysis (FA). Methods: The sample consisted of 30 individuals (8–11 years) diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent MP-RME treatment. Archival records provided cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken at two intervals: before MP-RME treatment (T0) and after treatment (T1). The CBCT images were obtained using standardized settings to ensure consistency in image quality and resolution. The trabecular structures in the bilateral condyles at both T0 and T1 were analyzed using FA. The FA was performed on these condylar images using the Image J software. The region of interest (ROI) was carefully selected in the condyle to avoid overlapping with cortical bone, and the box-counting method was employed to calculate the fractal dimension (FD). Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the FD values between T0 and T1 and to evaluate gender differences. The statistical significance was determined using paired t-tests for intra-group comparisons and independent t-tests for inter-group comparisons, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the trabecular structures of the condyles between T0 and T1 (p > 0.05). However, a significant gender difference was observed in FA values, with males exhibiting higher FA values in the left condyle compared to females at both T0 and T1 (p < 0.05). Specifically, the FA values in the left condyle increased from a mean of 1.09 ± 0.09 at T0 to 1.13 ± 0.08 at T1 in males, whereas in females, the FA values remained relatively stable with a mean of 1 ± 0.09 at T0 and 1.03 ± 0.11 at T1. Conclusion: The findings indicate that MP-RME therapy does not induce significant alterations in the trabecular structure of the mandibular condyle. These results suggest the treatment's safety concerning the structural integrity of the condyle, although the observed gender differences in FA values warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The anatomical position of the lingula is clinically very important to prevent injuries during sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Our study aims to evaluate the localisation of the lingula by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare the localisation of the lingula between malocclusion, gender, and lingula types. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the shape and location of the lingula using CBCT. A total of 250 CBCT images were included in this study. The lingula was classified as nodular, assimilated, truncated, or triangular type. Six defined distances from the top of the lingula were measured: anterior border of the ramus (L-A), posterior border of the ramus (L-P), internal oblique ridge (L-IOR), mandibular notch (L-N), and distal surface of the mandibular second molar (L-M2) and occlusal plane (L-OP). The measured distances were compared between gender, malocclusion, and lingula types. Results: The most common type of lingula was nodular (32.4%). The L-N, L-P, L-M2, and L-OP distances between genders were statistically higher in male patients than in female patients. The L-IOR, L-M2, and L-OP distances exhibited statistically significant differences found between malocclusions. No statistically significant difference was found when the distances of the lingula to the anatomical points were compared between the lingula types. Conclusion: These variations in positioning of the lingula depending on the dysmorphoses are developing towards a systematic 3D examination before any mandibular osteotomy to precisely visualize the position and shape of the lingula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of our study is to evaluate the postoperative complications after the extraction of impacted third molar teeth and to investigate the effects of these complications on the quality of life of patients. Methods: Demographic, clinical, and radiological evaluations were conducted, covering factors like age, gender, and tooth position. Clinical measurements, pain and edema assessments, and quality of life evaluations through OHIP-14 scores were performed. Preoperative and postoperative mouth opening, trismus, alveolitis and dehiscence were evaluated. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in our study. No significant gender-based differences were found in measurements, pain, or swelling. There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative results of difference A-C, difference B-E, difference A-D, and difference mouth opening. Procedure duration correlated positively with age, alveolar osteitis, trismus, and swelling. Postoperative quality of life, assessed by OHIP-14, demonstrated a negative correlation with age and trismus. It was observed that the gender and the tooth positions of the patients had no effect on the severity of postoperative pain and edema. Conclusions: As the age of the patients increases and the duration of the procedure increases, the rate of postoperative complications increases and it is concluded that the quality of life decreases significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corpus callosum (CC) and capsula interna (CI), which are among the white matter structures of the brain, provide the connection between the hemispheres. The development of the CC in childhood, its relationship with age and sex, and its relationship with the development of cognitive functions in adolescence are among the issues of interest. Our study aimed to evaluate the CC and CI measurements with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess age-related normal growth and development from childhood to young adulthood. Three hundred thirty cases (170 males and 160 females) between the ages of 0-15 whose brain MRI examinations were performed and whose images were considered normal by expert radiologists were evaluated in our study. The participants were divided into four groups according to their age. For the CI measurements, the thickness of the crus anterior, crus posterior, and genu parts and the genu angle were evaluated. In the measurements on the CC, the total length of the CC (CC VI), which indicates the distance between the endpoint of the genu and splenium part, was taken with measurements number CC I, II, III, IV, and V, in which the thicknesses of the CC genu, truncus, and splenium parts were measured on the midsagittal section. In the evaluation of the CC sections between the groups, it was found that there was no difference between the 3rd and 4th groups among all groups, there was a statistically significant difference between the 1st group and the other groups (p<0.001), and the anterior and middle parts of the truncus were the earliest developing parts. All parameters increased with age. Except for the thicker CC IV measurement of the isthmus in males, no difference was revealed between the sexes in any parameter (p>0.05). No difference was observed between the right and left sides in the CI measurements (p>0.05). The angle formed in the genu part was found to be 119°. In the literature review, we observed that there were few studies on the healthy pediatric population in Turkish society. We hope that the parameters we obtained may contribute to evaluating potential clinical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TFIIH subunit XPB is involved in combined Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Cockayne syndrome (XP-B/CS). Our analyses reveal that XPB interacts functionally with KAT2A, a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that belongs to the hSAGA and hATAC complexes. XPB interacts with KAT2A-containing complexes on chromatin and an XP-B/CS mutation specifically elicits KAT2A-mediated large-scale chromatin decondensation. In XP-B/CS cells, the abnormal recruitment of TFIIH and KAT2A to chromatin causes inappropriate acetylation of histone H3K9, leading to aberrant formation of transcription initiation complexes on the promoters of several hundred genes and their subsequent overexpression. Significantly, this cascade of events is similarly sensitive to KAT2A HAT inhibition or to the rescue with wildtype XPB. In agreement, the XP-B/CS mutation increases KAT2A HAT activity in vitro. Our results unveil a tight connection between TFIIH and KAT2A that controls higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression and provide new insights into transcriptional misregulation in a cancer-prone DNA repair-deficient disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General Control Non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) and Alteration/Deficiency in Activation 2 and 3 proteins (ADA2 and ADA3, respectively) are subunits of the Histone AcetylTransferase (HAT) module of SAGA- and ATAC-type co-activators. We previously reported four new interacting partners of human ADA3 identified by screening a human fetal brain cDNA library using yeast two hybrid technology. One of these partners was Apoptosis-Antagonizing Transcription Factor (AATF), also known as Che-1, an RNA polymerase II-binding protein with a number of roles in different cellular processes including regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cell cycle control, DNA damage responses and apoptosis. Che-1/AATF is a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatments. In this study, we aimed to identify whether besides ADA3, other components of the HAT modules of SAGA and ATAC complexes, human ADA2 and GCN5 also interact with Che-1/AATF. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments were used to demonstrate association of AATF both with two ADA2 isoforms, ADA2A and ADA2B and with GCN5 proteins in human cells and yeast two-hybrid assays to delineate domains in the ADA2 and GCN5 proteins required for these interactions. These findings provide new insights into the pathways regulated by ADA-containing protein complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]