Search

This research explores the interplay between innovation, economic systems, governance structures, and law, and how they interact with one another in the context of China and Ethiopia's investments in the Digital Silk Road. The way cutting-edge methods related to governance and economic systems might help lower the risks involved in major infrastructure projects, like the Digital Silk Road, particularly in light of law and 5G developments, is investigated. China–Africa connections are to be strengthened, sustainable development is to be encouraged, and healthy economic progress is the goal of the partnership between Ethiopia and the Hainan Free Trade Port. The impact of these transnational investments on fair growth and sustainable development is assessed, while exploring the evolving agendas and procedures governing investments. This research draws attention to how the law and legal cooperation between Ethiopia and China may promote mutually advantageous outcomes, promote transparency and governance mechanisms, and lessen the likelihood of disputes. This research on the factors influencing the future of the Digital Silk Road and its consequences for long-term, sustainable economic growth, and business in the area, aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, development professionals, and academics, and for the copromotion of China and Ethiopia in terms of digital investment. This research relates to the promotion of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), in terms of construction and economic development. It also examines how the DSR raises concerns about data security and privacy, cross-border transactions, technology transfer, and cyberterrorism, as well as encourages digital investment, such as through enhancing digital governance regulations, modernizing international investment agreements (IIAs), and bolstering global health, coordination, and cooperation; the article concludes by analyzing the implications for Africa. The findings show that such cooperation would support Africa's digital transformation and sustainable development, while strengthening China–Africa cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of certain aspects of control by the tax service over the implementation of controlled transactions by taxpayers. The author summarises the main criteria for transactions that fall under controlled transactions. The author emphasises that controlled transactions are under close scrutiny of the tax authorities. These are transactions involving non-residents and affecting the financial result of taxpayers and are carried out: with related non-residents; with non-residents registered in low-tax jurisdictions; with non-residents whose legal form is included in the relevant list; through non-resident commission agents; between a non-resident and its permanent establishment in Ukraine. Since cross-border pricing is one of the ways to minimise taxes, this increases the interest of the controlling authorities. Attention is drawn to both the type of controlled transaction and the income received by the taxpayer based on the results of the activity, which should be considered in the complex. It is emphasised that the main element of the controlled transaction audit is the correct pricing. In this case, the arm's length principle is used for the audit. The Tax Code of Ukraine clearly defines the conditions under which transactions are recognised as not complying with this principle. The author emphasises that in case of violation of this principle, the financial result is adjusted, which entails additional taxation. In addition, attention is focused on the existence of a business purpose (reasonable economic reason) for the controlled transaction, which can only be present if the taxpayer intends to obtain an economic effect as a result of economic activity. The economic effect mainly implies an increase in the taxpayer's assets and/or their value, as well as the creation of conditions for such an increase (preservation) in the future. Taxpayers should focus on the correct pricing not only as a basis for avoiding a tax offence, but also for proper tax planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the global market conditions together with the commercial and technical drivers that have created the need for a globally interoperable form of digital identity for legal entities. It recounts the role the Global Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) System is already playing in enabling the clear and unambiguous identification of legal entities for all stakeholders globally, and presents examples of how the LEI is already being leveraged by public authorities in payments use cases around the world. The paper also explores the technical model underpinning the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation's new form of digital organisational identity — the verifiable LEI — before exploring how this can bring new value to the payments industry globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ERA Forum is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Payment systems make a significant contribution to the flow of transactions and financial stability. In this paper, we start by applying the principles of the gravity model to explain the TARGET flows of banking transactions between Portugal and other eurozone countries. The main explanatory variables tested are a composite indicator of economic and financial activities, distance, membership of the Eurozone (EZ), and country risk measured by treasury bond yields. The results indicate that Portugal has a high level of integration in the European banking market as distance is not statistically significant, and that the membership of the EZ facilitates the financing of the economy. The economic size of the partner country becomes non-significant after controlling for country fixed effects. The increase in the Portuguese country risk during the European sovereign debt crisis led to a marked decline in external financing, indicating that this is an important channel of transmission of crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic & Political Thought / Myśl Ekonomiczna & Polityczna is the property of Lazarski University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The importance of cultural factors as antecedents of post-acquisition integration has been recognized in previous research. Nevertheless, there are not many case studies on the post–merger and acquisition (M&A) integration process of USA-based multinational corporations (MNCs) acquiring Chinese companies. This article summarizes lessons in communication learned from the integration process between Duracell and Nanfu, the two battery giants from the US and China. In 2003, the Gillette Company, who owned Duracell, acquired Nanfu. In 2005, Gillette was acquired by Procter and Gamble (P&G), and the management of Nanfu remains to be coordinated by Duracell. This case embodies the interplay of two national cultures (China and the US) and four organizational cultures (P&G, Gillette, Duracell, and Nanfu). Data from interviews and participant observations with American and Chinese managers and engineers, and Chinese consumers indicate a complex post-acquisition integration process. The article proposes a six-tier American-Chinese communication gap to be overcome for any MNCs in their post-acquisition integration after cross-border transactions between the US and China: Directness vs. Subtleness; Aggressiveness vs. Modesty; Courtesy vs. Command; Different connotations of the same concepts; Competitive vs. Obliging Conflict Management Styles; "Rule-based" vs. "Good will-based" working atmosphere. The case study on the Duracell-Nanfu case demonstrates that MNCs need to provide comprehensive intercultural training for its multinational teams for more effective communication and higher productivity after M&As. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Checkpoints in Cyberspace: Best Practices to Avert Liability in Cross-Border Transactions is an intensely serious look at the US trade and export regulations that govern cross-border transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]