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Cyberbullying is a form of deviant behavior, acknowledged as a worldwide mental health issue. Few studies have investigated cyberbullying among youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a population susceptible to bullying, and associated factors. In this study, we aimed to explore frequency and related factors of cybervictimization/bullying among adolescents with ADHD. We included 92 clinically referred adolescents (14.37 ± 1.78 years) with ADHD. Revised Cyberbullying Inventory and a semi-structured diagnostic interview were used to assess cybervictimization/bullying and psychiatric disorders respectively. 38% of participants (n = 35) were defined as cybervictims and 35.9% (n = 33) as cyberbullies. The symptoms of anxiety and problematic internet use were more severe, and social phobia was more frequent among cybervictims than non-cybervictims. Cybervictimization was associated with being overweight, having generalized anxiety disorder and online gaming. Parent-rated inattention, hyperactivity, and defiant behaviors were significantly more severe and internet addiction scores were higher in cyberbullies compared to non-cyberbullies. Cyberbullying was associated with having generalized anxiety disorder, more severe problematic internet use, and downloading programs. Per our study, a major component of clinical assessment must include questions related to social experiences on the internet. This recommendation is especially valid for adolescents with ADHD with anxiety disorders, high body mass index, and online gamers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The staple line (SL) leak remains one of the most serious complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The present study aims to determine whether reinforcing the SL with sutures is effective in maintaining tissue integrity. Materials and Methods: LSG Specimens of 60 patients were ex vivo studied. The specimens were divided into three groups: In group 1, the entire SL was reinforced, while the upper half part of the SL was reinforced from fundus to antrum in group 2. The SL was not reinforced in group 3. Then, the pressure inside the sample was increased, and the bursting pressure location and pressure value during the bursting were recorded. Results: The bursting pressure was significantly higher in entire and half oversewed SL groups than the none reinforced group (group 1: 115 mmHg [95–170]; group 2: 95 mmHg [80–120]; group 3: 40 mmHg [22–60], respectively, [P < .001]). The most common site of bursting was in the middle ⅓ of SL (35, 53.8%), followed by the proximal ⅓ part of SL (18, 27.7%), and the distal ⅓ part of SL (12, 18.5%), respectively. The bursting site was significantly more frequent in the corpus than the other parts of the SL (P = .013). Conclusion: Reinforcing the SL with sutures preserves tissue integrity. Although bursting was most frequently observed in the corpus region ex vivo, the fact that almost all real-life leaks develop in the area close to the Angle of His. This situation suggests that strengthening the suture line with reinforcement alone will not be protective enough against leaks in the fundus line, and factors such as tissue ischemia may be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine / İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Tip Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Democratic reform processes of candidate countries of the EU have been widely explained from a rationalist external incentives perspective. So, until recently, Turkey had been seen as a textbook example of how effective a conditionality strategy could be. However, Turkish responses to EU conditionality have displayed significant fluctuations over time, even under the same government. This article will argue that the current literature on the Europeanization of candidate countries suffers from an overriding focus on the external impact of the EU upon Turkey and its democratization process. In response, this article instead focuses on the role of political parties as active agents of change by evaluating the validity of these claims in light of a qualitative analysis of Turkish democratization since 2005. Building on the emerging literature that focuses on domestic factors in Turkey's de-Europeanization, this article contributes to this literature by presenting these domestic factors in the theoretical framework of constructivism. It argues that EU demands do not represent inherent costs or benefits. Instead, their perception as costs or benefits matter in the context of Turkish politics. This means that outcomes are contingent on the nature of contestation and power balance among competing parties in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and comorbidities of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by evaluating a large-scale nation-wide sample of children. Method: The inclusion criterion was being enrolled as a 2nd, 3rd, or 4th-grade student. A semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS-PL), DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders, and assessment of impairment (by both parents and teachers) were applied to 5,842 participants. Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 19.5% without impairment and 12.4% with impairment. Both ADHD with and without impairment groups had similar psychiatric comorbidity rates except for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) diagnoses. Impairment in the ADHD group resulted in significantly higher ODD and CD diagnoses. Conclusion: Even when impairment is not described, other psychiatric disorders accompany the diagnosis of ADHD and may cause impairment in the future. Impairment in the diagnosis of ADHD significantly increases the likelihood of ODD and CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the relationships between problematic internet use (PIU) and psychiatric comorbid disorders and internet use habits in a clinical sample of adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: This cross‐sectional study included 95 adolescents with ADHD. Problematic behaviors and symptoms related to internet use were evaluated via Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), and subjects with a YIAS score of ≥50 were categorized as PIU while those with a score of <50 were defined as normal internet use (NIU). The two groups were compared with respect to demographics and psychometric tests. While psychiatric disorders were examined by a semistructured instrument, self‐report and parent‐report scales were used to assess other individual and clinical characteristics of participants. Results: 33.7% (n = 32) of the participants were determined to have PIU. There was no gender (p =.058) or age (p =.426) difference between the PIU and NIU groups. Current presence of social phobia (p =.035) and history of major depressive disorder (p =.006) were more frequent in the PIU group than the NIU group. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that PIU was independently associated with online gaming (OR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.532–3.681), e‐mail use (OR: 1.864, 95% CI: 1.170–2.971), social networking (OR: 1.834, 95% CI: 1.156–2.910), and Social Phobia Scale for Children and Adolescents (SPSCA) score (OR: 1.058, 95% CI: 1.020–1.098). Conclusion: PIU may be common among adolescents with ADHD. The severity of social phobia and particular online activities (playing online games, e‐mailing, social networking) may be associated with a higher risk of PIU in adolescents with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE Pediatric cancers may have traumatic, adverse effects on healthy siblings of children with cancer. The majority of studies on the subject have been performed in Western societies, and few controlled studies implementing validated surveys have been performed. The aim of this study is to investigate the quality of life, prevalence of anxiety and depression and associated factors in healthy siblings of children with cancer. METHODS Sixty children aged 8-16 years-old with siblings with cancer were included as the case group and sixty children with siblings without cancer were enrolled as the control group. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCAD-S) and the Questionnaire for Quality of Life Assessment for Children and Adolescents Parent Form (Kid-KINDL) were used to evaluate anxiety/depression symptoms and quality of life respectively. RESULTS The case group consisted of 30 boys and 30 girls (12.08±2.61 years), and the control group of 31 boys and 29 girls (11.40±2.11 years). Depression/anxiety symptoms were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p<0.05). Quality of life total score was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (p<0.05). Being siblings of same gender was determined to be associated with impaired quality of life (B=8.81 CI: 1.56-49.65, p=0.014) and presence of depression/anxiety (B=6.89 CI: 1.29-36.72, p=0.024). CONCLUSION Professionals should include healthy siblings of children with cancer when assessing the psychosocial effect of pediatric cancer, and should adopt a multidimensional approach in caring for healthy siblings of children with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine / İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Tip Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mutations in the Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene have been implicated in the etiology of Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects girls. MECP2 mutations in males, once thought to be lethal, are now recognized with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Here we report a 3-year-old boy who presented with developmental problems and regression and eventually was diagnosed with RTT that genetic analysis revealed to be a hemizygous c.316C>T missense mutation in the MECP2 gene suggesting somatic mosaicism with the normal 46,XY karyotype. DNA analysis of the patient's mother showed this either to be a de novo mutation ora case of gonadal mosaicism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of RTT in a young boy with a hemizygous c.316C>T mutation in the MECP2 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences Review of the Faculty of Sciences & Letters University of Uludag / Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Uludag University, Faculty of Sciences & Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey. Method: A nation-wide, randomly selected, representative population of 5830 children (6–13 years-old) enrolled as a 2nd,3rd or 4th grade student in 30 cities were evaluated for presence of a psychiatric or mental disorder by a Sociodemographic Form, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents scales. Impairment criterion was assessed via a 3 point-Likert scale by the parent and the teacher independently. Results: Overall prevalence of any psychopathology was 37.6% without impairment criterion, and 17.1% with impairment criterion. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by anxiety (19.5% and 16.7% without impairment, 12.4% and 5.3% with impairment, respectively). Lower education level and presence of a physical or psychiatric problem of the parents were independent predictors of any psychopathology of the offspring. Conclusion: This is the largest and most comprehensive epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of psychopathologies in children and adolescents in Turkey. Our results partly higher than, and partly comparable to previous national and international studies. It also contributes to the literature by determining the independent predictors of psychopathologies in this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cyberbullying is a form of digital harassment, acknowledged as a worldwide important mental health issue. It is also associated with various psychological consequences and school-related problems. Few studies have investigated cyberbullying among youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a population potentially susceptible to bullying, and associated factors. In this study, we aimed to explore the frequency of cyber victimization and cyberbullying among adolescents with ADHD, and their relationship with several individual and clinical characteristics. Methods: A total of 92 clinically referred adolescents (14.37±1.78 years) with ADHD were included in the study. Cybervictimization and cyberbullying were evaluated by using Revised Cyberbullying Inventory. A semi-structured interview was used for screening for psychiatric disorders, and other individual factors were assessed by using self and parent-report scales. Results: 35.9% of the participants (n=33) were defined as cyberbullies and 38% (n=35) were defined as cybervictims. The symptoms of anxiety and problematic internet use were more severe, and social phobia was more frequent among the cybervictims than the non-cybervictims. Cybervictimization was associated with being overweight, having generalized anxiety disorder and online gaming. Parent-rated inattention, hyperactivity and defiant behaviors were significantly more severe and internet addiction scores were higher in cyberbullies compared to non-cyberbullies. Cyberbullying was associated with having generalized anxiety disorder, more severe problematic internet use, and downloading programs. Conclusions: Per our study, a major component of clinical assessment must include questions related to social experiences on the internet. This recommendation is especially valid for adolescents with ADHD with anxiety disorders, high BMI and online gamers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Enteral feeding and immunonutrition (ImN) have been shown to be associated with a number of favorable effects in patients undergoing cancer surgery. In this prospective study, we aimed to assess the perioperative use of enteral immunonutrition in patients undergoing radical gastrointestinal surgery for malignancy. Materials and methods: Forty-one patients with malignancy were included in this study and were randomized into one of the two following nutritional strategies: enteral only (EN) or enteral with enteral immunonutrition (ENIN). These regimens were followed for 7 days perioperatively by all patients. Nutritional parameters and postoperative morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay (LHS) were assessed. Results: Serum prealbumin levels increased significantly in the ENIN group (P = 0.033). Moreover, patients in the ENIN group showed a more marked decrease in the rate of postoperative infections (P = 0.021) and anastomotic leakage (P = 0.018) than patients fed with EN. In the EN group, LHS was significantly longer than that in the ENIN group (18 vs. 12 days) (P = 0.032). Rates of overall morbidity and mortality were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: ENIN was found to have a favorable effect on the outcome of radical gastrointestinal surgery for malignancy. Meticulous preoperative assessment of malnutrition and at least a 7-day perioperative enteral use can increase the effectiveness of immunonutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Social Science Institute is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Social Science Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of developmental problems and relationship with sociodemographic variables in a community sample of young children. Methods: Participants included 1000 children (558 males, 442 females, age range 1-48 months, mean 18.4 months, SD 7.8 months). Children were referred generally by their parents for developmental evaluation and consultation in response to a public announcement in a district area in Istanbul, Turkey. An interview form and the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST) were used for sociodemographic data and developmental evaluation. The χ² test and Pearson's correlation test were used for data analysis. Results: Seven hundred forty-one out of 1000 children (74.1%) had normal, 140 (14%) had risky, and 119 (11.9%) had abnormal findings on the DDST results. The probability of abnormal findings on the DDST results was significantly higher in males (p=0.003), the 2-4-year-old group (p<0.05), families with more than one child (p=0.001), consanguineous marriages (p<0.01), low parental educational levels and low household income (p<0.01), and in children without a history of breastfeeding (p=0.000). Immigration status and delivery mode did not have a significant effect on the probability of abnormal findings on the DDST results (p>0.05). Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors have a noteworthy impact on development. Determining these factors is important especially during the first years of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dialog in Endocrinology / Endokrinolide Diyalog Dergisi is the property of Express Printing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Neuropsychiatry / Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi is the property of Turkish Association of Neuropsychiatry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Diospyros Lotus ("Wild Date Palm of Trabzon or Persimmon"), which has been proven to cause phytobezoars, is a widely consumed fruit in the Black Sea and Northeast Anatolia regions of Turkey. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Diospyros Lotus together with other predisposing factors, on the development of gastrointestinal phytobezoars and to discuss the treatment results in comparison to the literature. Material and method: The records of 13 patients, who had been admitted to the General Surgery Clinic of Düzce Atatürk State Hospital between August 2008 and August 2011, were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, predisposing factors, clinical and radiological findings, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and the outcomes of the patients were recorded from the patient files. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient for publication of this research article and accompanying images. Results: All the patients had a history of consuming Diospyros Lotus. Of the patients, 30,7% had a history of previous gastric surgery, 30,7% had diabetes mellitus and 23% had dental implants. None of the patients had hypothyroidism, which is another predisposing factor for phytobezoars. The phytobezoars were located in the stomach alone in 23% of the patients, whereas 15,3% was detected in the jejunum and stomach, 15,3% was detected in the jejunum alone, and 46,1% was detected in the ileum alone. All patients were treated with surgery, and there were no deaths. Conclusion: Gastric phytobezoars are rare. Preventive measures have particular importance in the management of this condition, which is difficult to treat. For this purpose, excessive consumption of herbal nutrients containing a high amount of indigestible fibers such as Diospyros Lotus should be avoided in patients with a history of gastrointestinal surgery or poor oral and dental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A 43-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of upper abdominal pain. As her complaints had lasted for 1 month, an upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy was performed and discovered a bezoar in the stomach. Case presentation: The bezoar was quite hard and light green-yellow in color. Pathological examination revealed phytobezoar. The patient was hospitalized and given oral Coca-Cola® Zero for seven days at a dose of 500 mL three times daily. Conclusion: The upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy performed at the end of 7 days showed that the phytobezoar had softened and become smaller. The phytobezoar was broken into pieces with biopsy forceps and washing was applied, so the phytobezoar pieces could pass through the pylorus. The patient was discharged after the procedure without problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erciyes Medical Journal / Erciyes Tip Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Neuropsychiatry / Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi is the property of Turkish Association of Neuropsychiatry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Neuropsychiatry / Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi is the property of Turkish Association of Neuropsychiatry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dialog in Endocrinology / Endokrinolide Diyalog Dergisi is the property of Express Printing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)