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In the present society, people have become cautious about their online presence. By adopting a qualitative methodological approach, the study investigates consumers' approach to SMEB (Social Media Engagement Behaviour). Through the lens of the personal branding construct, it is understood that people seek to create a satisfying presentation of the desired self. A further concern is to maintain the public's perception of such an identity. Psychological experiences include the negative impact of self-disclosure, social phobia, and concerns for the brand of 'me'. The fear is not being perceived correctly or being associated with controversial opinions in the eye of the target audience that they regard as important. Going beyond career advancement, the study contributes to understand how concerns for personal brand impact Gen Y's SMEB. The findings assist commercial brands in gaining more knowledge of such consumer groups in terms of the future engagement process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient generation and control of spin currents launched by terahertz (THz) radiation with subsequent ultrafast spin-to-charge conversion is the current challenge for the next generation of high-speed communication and data processing units. Here, we demonstrate that THz light can efficiently drive coherent angular momentum transfer in nanometer-thick ferromagnet/heavy-metal heterostructures. This process is non-resonant and does neither require external magnetic fields nor cryogenics. The efficiency of this process is more than one order of magnitude higher as compared to the recently observed THz-induced spin pumping in MnF2 antiferromagnet. The coherently driven spin currents originate from the ultrafast spin Seebeck effect, caused by a THz-induced temperature imbalance in electronic and magnonic temperatures and fast relaxation of the electron-phonon system. Owing to the fact that the electron-phonon relaxation time is comparable with the period of a THz wave, the induced spin current results in THz second harmonic generation and THz optical rectification, providing a spintronic basis for THz frequency mixing and rectifying components. Terahertz frequencies offer the potential of much higher data transfer rates, but this requires devices able to generate and manipulate terahertz waves. One approach is to utilize the spin dynamics of a magnetic system. Here, Ilyakov et al. show how a multilayer magnetic and heavy-metal heterostructure can be used to achieve terahertz second harmonic generation and optical rectification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spintronic devices are based on heterojunctions of two materials with different magnetic and electronic properties. Although an energy barrier is naturally formed even at the interface of metallic heterojunctions, its impact on spin transport has been overlooked. Here, using diffusive spin Hall currents, we provide evidence that the inherent energy barrier governs the spin transport even in metallic systems. We find a sizable field-like torque, much larger than the damping-like counterpart, in Ni81Fe19/Bi0.1Sb0.9 bilayers. This is a distinct signature of barrier-mediated spin-orbit torques, which is consistent with our theory that predicts a strong modification of the spin mixing conductance induced by the energy barrier. Our results suggest that the spin mixing conductance and the corresponding spin-orbit torques are strongly altered by minimizing the work function difference in the heterostructure. These findings provide a new mechanism to control spin transport and spin torque phenomena by interfacial engineering of metallic heterostructures. Many proposed spintronic devices, where spin, rather than charge is used for information processing, rely on the combination of multiple materials, for example, heavy metals and magnetic materials in spin-orbit torque devices. Here, Gao et al. show how the interface between a ferromagnet and a semimetal, Ni81Fe19/Bi0.1Sb0.9, can result in a barrier-mediated spin-orbit torques [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The recent emergence of magnetic van der Waals materials allows for the investigation of current-induced magnetisation manipulation in two-dimensional materials. Uniquely, Fe3GeTe2 has a crystalline structure that allows for the presence of bulk spin–orbit torques (SOTs) that we quantify in a Fe3GeTe2 flake. From the symmetry of the measured torques, we identify current induced effective fields using harmonic analysis and find dominant bulk SOTs arising from the symmetry in the crystal structure. Our results show that Fe3GeTe2 can exhibit bulk SOTs in addition to the conventional interfacial SOTs enabling magnetisation manipulation even in thick flakes without the need for complex multilayer engineering. Spin–orbit torques which demonstrates efficient magnetisation switching requires multilayer structures. In FeGe3Te2 van der Waals materials we demonstrate bulk spin–orbit torques in a sole material with possibilities for spintronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As a part of the therapeutic relationship, a significant, well-established predictor of outcomes in psychiatric healthcare, healthcare professionals' emotional reactions to patients may affect treatment outcomes. Aim: The aim of our study was to explore and describe healthcare professionals' experiences with managing countertransference using skills from a training program on self-guided imagery in meditation (SIM). Method: Following an exploratory descriptive design, we conducted qualitative interviews with 10 healthcare professionals who care for patients with mental illness and subjected the collected data to thematic content analysis. Results: Participants reported that SIM had helped them to manage countertransference and had prompted changes that we categorized into three themes: managing personal vulnerability, setting clearer boundaries, and practicing self-care. Conclusion: The results suggest that by cultivating wellbeing and dealing with unresolved inner conflicts, SIM can help healthcare professionals to manage countertransference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore images of Shakespeare and his characters in Neil Gaiman's Sandman (1989–1996) and Conor McCreery and Anthony Del Col's Kill Shakespeare (2010–2014). Gaiman's series follows Morpheus, the personification of dreams, who endows Shakespeare with creative power he comes to regret. Alternatively, in McCreery and Del Col's series Shakespeare simply is a god, but one who shuns his creations and regrets his creative power. Worshipped and relentlessly sought, this Shakespeare is the mythic engine of a series that follows characters from across his plays who speak in a pastiche of Shakespearean lines through alternate story lines. I demonstrate that Shakespeare's coexistence with his characters in both series complicates our collective idealisation of Shakespeare in the contrast between a playwright-god and his monstrous character-creations through their problematic construction and shifting images as gods and monsters within and across both series. Illustrating the limitations and possibilities of divinity and monstrosity allows them to shift from creation to destruction through the multimodality of graphic novels, and the pitting of gods against monsters common to fantasy and science fiction. Through images of shifting power and frailty, both interrogate these constructions, and ultimately, question the consequences of our historical Bardolatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, home-based reablement has become an increasingly popular way to provide rehabilitation services. This health care service aims to enable older persons to live longer at home while reducing the need for institutionalization. To ensure the provision of high-quality services, there is a continual need for research on issues of user involvement and co-creation during the pathway of the reablement process. Purpose: This study focused on user involvement and participation with health care professionals during the reablement process. Methods: This was a longitudinal, instrumental single-case study, in which one 85-year-old female patient was followed over the pathway of a six-week reablement process. Data were collected at three stages, including the goal-mapping phase, evaluation phase, and three weeks after completing reablement. Results: Our analyses revealed two themes for the goal-mapping phase (dialogue led by the care provider and main goal), three themes for the implementation phase (the home as the preferred setting, little influence on organizational factors, and participation, influence, and motivation), and three themes for the evaluation phase (patient understanding as a precondition, motivated by weak paternalism, and self-determination requires clear communication). Conclusion: The patient becomes involved through a partly co-creation process. During this time, they are involved, motivated, and influenced over the pathway of reablement. Health care providers must avoid implementing too much control during the pathway of home-based reablement, as patients have contextual knowledge that care providers do not possess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiferromagnetic materials can host spin-waves with polarizations ranging from circular to linear depending on their magnetic anisotropies. Until now, only easy-axis anisotropy antiferromagnets with circularly polarized spin-waves were reported to carry spin-information over long distances of micrometers. In this article, we report long-distance spin-transport in the easy-plane canted antiferromagnetic phase of hematite and at room temperature, where the linearly polarized magnons are not intuitively expected to carry spin. We demonstrate that the spin-transport signal decreases continuously through the easy-axis to easy-plane Morin transition, and persists in the easy-plane phase through current induced pairs of linearly polarized magnons with dephasing lengths in the micrometer range. We explain the long transport distance as a result of the low magnetic damping, which we measure to be ≤ 10−5 as in the best ferromagnets. All of this together demonstrates that long-distance transport can be achieved across a range of anisotropies and temperatures, up to room temperature, highlighting the promising potential of this insulating antiferromagnet for magnon-based devices. Hitherto, only circularly polarized antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin-waves (SWs) were expected to convey spin-information. Here, the authors present persistent spin-transport over long distances in the easy-plane AFM phase of hematite, α-Fe2O3, via linearly polarized SW pairs with ultra-low damping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin excitations of ordered magnets – magnons – mediate transport in magnetic insulators. Their bosonic nature makes them qualitatively distinct from electrons. These features include quantum properties traditionally realized with photons. In this perspective, we present an intuitive discussion of one such phenomenon. Equilibrium magnon-squeezing manifests unique advantages with magnons as compared to photons, including properties such as entanglement. Building upon the recent progress in the fields of spintronics and quantum optics, we outline challenges and opportunities in this emerging field of quantum magnonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the formation of a room temperature magnon Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in nanoscopic systems and demonstrate that its lifetime is influenced by the spatial confinement. We predict how dipolar interactions and nonlinear magnon scattering assist in the generation of a metastable magnon BEC in energy-quantized nanoscopic devices. We verify our prediction by a full numerical simulation of the Landau–Lisfhitz–Gilbert equation and demonstrate the generation of magnon BEC in confined insulating magnets of yttrium iron garnet. We directly map out the nonlinear magnon scattering processes behind this phase transition to show how fast quantized thermalization channels allow the BEC formation in confined structures. Based on our results, we discuss a new mechanism to manipulate the BEC lifetime in nanoscaled systems. Our study greatly extends the freedom to study dynamics of magnon BEC in realisitc systems and to design integrated circuits for BEC-based applications at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theoretically study dynamic properties of thin ferromagnetic films in contact with normal metals. Moving magnetizations cause a flow of spins into adjacent conductors, which relax by spin flip, scatter back into the ferromagnet, or are absorbed by another ferromagnet. Relaxation of spins outside the moving magnetization enhances the overall damping of the magnetization dynamics in accordance with the Gilbert phenomenology. Transfer of spins between different ferromagnets by these nonequilibrium spin currents leads to a long-ranged dynamic exchange interaction and collective excitation modes. Our predictions agree well with recent ferromagnetic-resonance experiments on ultrathin magnetic films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Taking bioscience courses such as anatomy and physiology (A&P) is important for the development of nursing competence, but learning such subjects is also a challenge for many students. Nursing students' motivation, academic performance and exposure to different teaching methods may influence the learning process. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted with first-year nursing students at a university in Central Norway to explore their motivations, academic performance, and responses to various teaching methods used in an A&P course. Results: The study provided insight into nursing students motivation, academic performance, and responses to various teaching approaches. 57 students participated in the survey and 91 % of them passed the course. The majority (61.4%) reported that classroom lecture was the most efficient and appreciated teaching method. Independent study was significantly associated with higher A&P exam grades (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The survey suggests a need for further research about the quality, and presentation of anatomy and physiology units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Margaret Cavendish’s The Blazing World is her most surprising work and contains characteristics from multiple forms; a reader can find elements of forms Cavendish worked on elsewhere and simultaneously recognize the text as something wholly new and unfathomable. Cavendish strategically located the entry to her utopia in the arctic in a time when the tradition of literary ideal spaces looked toward the heavens in descriptions of celestial worlds that paralleled the discovery of the New World. The farthest north offered her not only an empty landscape but the extreme, stark contrast of the binaries she wished to blur. This article will demonstrate that Cavendish’s Blazing World emerges as a utopia that demands fluidity to achieve its ideality. One must move fluidly between limiting binaries to transcend spirit and matter, cold and warmth, and ultimately knowledge and ignorance as the only means to conceive, and thus achieve, utopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study that discussed electronic transport in metallic multilayers in the language of the Landauer-Büttiker scattering formalism. Background on Landauer-Büttiker formalism; Disordered interface scattering; Validity of semiclassical and effective-mass theory.

The Blazing World was the first utopia in English written by a woman, and likely, the first science fiction text in English. Yet it was not Margaret Cavendish’s only utopic text. The separatist spaces of her plays, and the virtual communities of her epistolary collections, were earlier utopias that contributed to her construction of Blazing World. Cavendish established the characteristics of utopian literature through the transgression of categories and hybridity. I consider her blurring of genus, genre and gender in two of her utopic texts, Sociable Letters and Blazing World, and her strategic development of the blurring of these categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare workers' self-reported evaluation of ergonomic transfer training, use of techniques and aids in a municipality - a longitudinal pilot. Traditionally, healthcare work in nursing homes is regarded as physically strenuous work with a risk of back injuries stemming from adverse movement techniques. The purpose of the study was to analyse healthcare workers' self-reported evaluation of ergonomic transfer training in a municipality in Norway. The training aimed to improve healthcare personnel's ergonomic patient handling. N = 73 health care employees from a nursing home and homes to the disabled. Mean response rate during the three points of measurement was 77%. Data were collected by questionnaire at baseline, at the end of the training, at 18 months, and 36 months after baseline. Then the data were compared using quantitative analysis at group level. Participants reported adequate training, improved availability of transfer-related resources, and increased use of transfer techniques over the course of the measurement periods. Respondents who asked transfer experts for guidance used transfer techniques more than others did. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. This article examines personnel and patient experiences of videoconferencing (VC) trials on tablet computers between oncology certified nurses (OCNs) and patients with cancer who live at home. The study points to organizational pitfalls during the introduction process. In many different arenas, the use of VC has increased recently owing to improved Internet access and capacity. This creates new opportunities for contact between patients living at home and their nurses. Video conferencing presupposes knowledge about Internet access, training, and usability of technological equipment. The aim of this pilot study was to illuminate patients’ and nurses’ experiences of the technical functionality, usability, and training of tablet use in VC in primary cancer care. The results point to the drawbacks concerning the introduction of VC. Method. A pilot study with an explorative design was used to describe patients’ and OCNs’ experiences of technical functionality and usability of VC on tablet computers. After a three-month trial, data were gathered, focusing on both patients’ and nurses’ perspectives. Individual interviews with four female OCNs, aged 32–65 (mean 46), and six patients with cancer, two men and four women aged 49–78 (mean 69), were content-analyzed. Results. The analysis revealed two main categories: network connectivity and tablet usability and training and educational pitfalls. Conclusion. When planning VC implementation, the organizational leadership should consider network access and stability, as well as individualized VC training on tablets. Ensuring patient safety should also be a priority. Further research should provide knowledge of technological and educational pitfalls, and possible implications of VC on the care quality of nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spintronics relies on the transport of spins, the intrinsic angular momentum of electrons, as an alternative to the transport of electron charge as in conventional electronics. The long-term goal of spintronics research is to develop spin-based, low-dissipation computing-technology devices. Recently, long-distance transport of a spin current was demonstrated across ferromagnetic insulators1. However, antiferromagnetically ordered materials, the most common class of magnetic materials, have several crucial advantages over ferromagnetic systems for spintronics applications2: antiferromagnets have no net magnetic moment, making them stable and impervious to external fields, and can be operated at terahertz-scale frequencies3. Although the properties of antiferromagnets are desirable for spin transport4-7, indirect observations of such transport indicate that spin transmission through antiferromagnets is limited to only a few nanometres8-10. Here we demonstrate long-distance propagation of spin currents through a single crystal of the antiferromagnetic insulator haematite (α-Fe2O3)11, the most common antiferromagnetic iron oxide, by exploiting the spin Hall effect for spin injection. We control the flow of spin current across a haematite-platinum interface—at which spins accumulate, generating the spin current—by tuning the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency using an external magnetic field12. We find that this simple antiferromagnetic insulator conveys spin information parallel to the antiferromagnetic Néel order over distances of more than tens of micrometres. This mechanism transports spins as efficiently as the most promising complex ferromagnets1. Our results pave the way to electrically tunable, ultrafast, low-power, antiferromagnetic-insulator-based spin-logic devices6,13 that operate without magnetic fields at room temperature. Tunable spin transport over long distances is demonstrated through the antiferromagnetic insulator haematite, paving the way to the development of spin-logic devices based on antiferromagnetic insulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied spin pumping in pd/Fe(001) ultrathin crystalline films prepared on GaAs(001) by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). FMR measurements show that the Pd(001) overlayers lead to an appreciable attenuation of the spin current, which was generated by the precessing magnetization of Fe. Pd overlayers thicker than about 10 nm act as perfect spin sinks. It is argued that the loss of spin coherence in Pd is caused by scattering with spin fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this literature review is to bring to the forefront knowledge about the suitability of videoconferencing (VC) in nursing for patients and their families living at home. A systematic literature review that included studies of VC in nursing care. Inclusion criteria were original studies relevant to concept of study. Computerized bibliographic databases (PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched from January 2008 to October 2016. In total, 325 articles were identified. Eight articles (1539 participants) met the inclusion criteria, and were finally included. The eight articles covered VC used in follow-up care for patients living in their homes after surgery, postpartum, chronic illnesses, families with premature infants, and children with cancer. A conventional content analysis was conducted. The results show that the success of VC depends on satisfying network access. Nurses as well as patients thought VC was similar to meeting in person. VC seems to support person-centred nursing, promote self-management and motivate patients and families to engage in their health. The use of VC requires further organization of the nursing practice. The study indicates that VC can be a suitable alternative to traditional nursing follow-up when network access and technology function properly and the nursing service is well organized. VC seems to underpin person-centred nursing. Knowledge gaps identified, more research needed as bases for assessment of VC suitability in nursing for individual persons in different treatment situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reablement services are rehabilitation for older people living at home, being person-centered in information, mapping and the goal-setting conversation. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about conversation processes and patient influence in formulating the patients' goals. There are two research questions: How do conversation theme, structure and processes appear in interactions aiming to decide goals of home-based reablement rehabilitation for the elderly? How professionals' communication skills do influence on patients' participation in conversation about everyday life and goals of home-based reablement?Methods: A qualitative field study explored eight cases of naturally occurring conversations between patients and healthcare professionals in a rehabilitation team. Patients were aged 67-90 years old. The reablement team consisted of an occupational therapist, physiotherapist, nurse and care workers. Data was collected by audio recording the conversations. Transcribed text was analyzed for conversational theme and communication patterns as they emerged within main themes.Results: Patient participation differed with various professional leadership and communication in the information, mapping and goalsetting process. In the data material in its entirety, conversations consisted mainly of three parts where each part dealt with one of the three main topics. The first part was "Introduction to the program." The main part of the talk was about mapping ("Varying patient participation when discussing everyday life"), while the last part was about goal setting ("Goals of rehabilitation").Conclusions: Home-based reablement requires communication skills to encourage user participation, and mapping of resources and needs, leading to the formulation of objectives. Professional health workers must master integrating two intentions: goal-oriented and person-centered communication that requires communication skills and leadership ability in communication, promoting patient influence and goal-setting. Quality of such conversations is complex, and requires the ability to apply integrated knowledge, skills and attitudes appropriate to communication situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-based molecules offer unparalleled potential for THz and optical devices controlled by pure spin currents: a low-dissipation flow of electronic spins with no net charge displacement. However, the research so far has been focused on the electrical conversion of the spin imbalance, where molecular materials are used to mimic their crystalline counterparts. Here, we use spin currents to access the molecular dynamics and optical properties of a fullerene layer. The spin mixing conductance across Py/C60 interfaces is increased by 10% (5 × 1018m−2) under optical irradiation. Measurements show up to a 30% higher light absorbance and a factor of 2 larger photoemission during spin pumping. We also observe a 0.15 THz slowdown and a narrowing of the vibrational peaks. The effects are attributed to changes in the non-radiative damping and energy transfer. This opens new research paths in hybrid magneto-molecular optoelectronics, and the optical detection of spin physics in these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When functional impairment occurs, assistance to achieve self-help can lead to qualitatively more active everyday life for recipients and better use of community resources. Home-based everyday rehabilitation is a new interdisciplinary service for people living at home. Rehabilitation involves meeting the need for interprofessional services, interdisciplinary collaboration, and coordination of services. Everyday rehabilitation is a service that requires close interdisciplinary cooperation. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about employees' experiences with establishing a new multidisciplinary team and developing a team-based work model. Method: The study had a qualitative design using two focus group interviews with a newly established rehabilitation team. The sample consisted of an occupational therapist, two care workers with further education in rehabilitation, a nurse, a physiotherapist, and a project leader. Data were analyzed by thematic content analysis. Results: The data highlight three phases: a planning phase (ten meetings over half a year), a startup phase of trials of interdisciplinary everyday rehabilitation in practice (2 months), and a third period specifying and implementing an everyday rehabilitation model (6 months). During these phases, three themes emerged: 1) team creation and design of the service, 2) targeted practical trials, and 3) equality of team members and combining interdisciplinary methods. Conclusion: The team provided information about three processes: developing work routines and a revised team-based flow chart, developing team cooperation with integrated trans- and interdisciplinary collaboration, and working with external exchange. There is more need for secure network solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Many people experience some form of mild mental illness, chronic pain and fatigue feelings that lead to long-term absences from the workplace. OBJECTIVE: The article examines narrations about developmental experiences and adult life of people in need of back to work rehabilitation. METHODS:Narrative interviews were analyzed within a qualitative content analyses design. The samplewas purposive, with 16 working-age adults at rehabilitation because of mild mental illnesses, chronic pain, and fatigue feelings. Ethical approval, was obtained from The Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics, Health Region Central Norway. Reference no.: 2010/1323. RESULTS: There were stories about more or less stressful childhoods. In adult life, there were turns at various ages from meaningful work engagement, to struggle in private life from long lasting strain, stressful family situations or crises. CONCLUSIONS: Illness may develop when experiencing crises or strain over time in private situations, this in combination with expectations and requirements inworking life. Not onlyworking environments, but also the private situations, life history events, and self-esteem of individuals, should be taken into consideration in the rehabilitation program. There is a need of research on working life that support the employee's positive self-image, and on effective rehabilitation when needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report field- and current-induced domain wall (DW) depinning experiments in Ta\Co20Fe60 B20\MgO nanowires through a Hall cross geometry. While purely field-induced depinning shows no angular dependence on in-plane fields, the effect of the current depends crucially on the internal DW structure, which we manipulate by an external magnetic in-plane field. We show depinning measurements for a current sent parallel to the DW and compare its depinning efficiency with the conventional case of current flowing perpendicularly to the DW. We find that the maximum efficiency is similar for both current directions within the error bars, which is in line with a dominating damping-like spin-orbit torque (SOT) and indicates that no large additional torques arise for currents perpendicular to the DW. Finally, we find a varying dependence of the maximum depinning efficiency angle for different DWs and pinning levels. This emphasizes the importance of our full angular scans compared with previously used measurements for just two field directions (parallel and perpendicular to the DW) to determine the real torque strength and shows the sensitivity of the SOT to the precise DW structure and pinning sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shakespeare and his characters appear in Alan Moore'sThe League of Extraordinary Gentlemento offer readers recognisable figures to which Moore can connect a variety of fluidly recreated historical and fictional characters. The result is a multi-modal virtual space where literary figures coexist in a utopia of literature built from Margaret Cavendish's ground-breakingBlazing World. However, the cost of Shakespeare's required presence is Cavendish's telling absence. In this article, I demonstrate how Shakespeare, as the icon of “original” literature, anchors the fluidity of the League's many worlds, thus allowing the fictionality of familiar literature to fade as readers enter the particularly creative simulacrum of Moore's concludingBlack Dossier. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a study on magnonic charge pumping via spin?orbit coupling. Topics discussed include use of spin pumping for electrically detecting magnetization dynamics, pumping of a charge current by ferromagnet demonstrating conversion of magnons into high-frequency currents via the relativistic spin?orbit interaction and potential of spin orbit torque in manipulating magnetic information.

Aims and objectives The aims of this study are to develop knowledge about (1) the experiences of next of kin in caring for seriously ill patients with cancer and (2) the effects of strain and support on the next of kin's ability to cope. Background Better treatment has resulted in patients with cancer normally living longer. Because this treatment is typically administered in a polyclinic or at home, next of kin inherit the largely unknown and demanding role of caregiver. Design A qualitative, descriptive and interpretive design. Methods Focus group interviews were used. The sample comprised 16 adults who were the next of kin of patients with cancer. A thematic content analysis was performed, the text coded for meaning units, condensed and interpreted based on the understanding of the next of kin's role and ability to handle the situation. Results The role of next of kin is multifaceted and challenging. It is important for next of kin to be near and to take care of the sick. Next of kin's acceptance of the situation plays a crucial role in their ability to cope and to look forward. The unpredictability of the situation adds stress and affects the daily routines. Conclusions Providing next of kin with knowledge, support and guidance is important in helping them to understand and cope with the situation and to reduce the amount of strain that they experience in the caregiving role. Relevance to clinical practice This study emphasises the importance of health workers in possessing the knowledge and competence required to educate, guide and support the next of kin of those with cancer. Health workers should provide care to next of kin, and a support system for next of kin must also be available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetization of a magnetic material can be reversed by using electric currents that transport spin angular momentum. In the reciprocal process a changing magnetization orientation produces currents that transport spin angular momentum. Understanding how these processes occur reveals the intricate connection between magnetization and spin transport, and can transform technologies that generate, store or process information via the magnetization direction. Here we explain how currents can generate torques that affect the magnetic orientation and the reciprocal effect in a wide variety of magnetic materials and structures. We also discuss recent state-of-the-art demonstrations of current-induced torque devices that show great promise for enhancing the functionality of semiconductor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. The study was designed to assess how a day care programme once a week, for seven weeks, with group collaboration and social and cultural activities was experienced by clients. The aim was to provide some insight into how older adults with mild cognitive impairment perceive and experience day care. Background. As a consequence of social withdrawal, older adults with mild dementia may suffer a loss of meaningful social life and mental stimulus. Person-centred and collaborative day care may provide support to remaining abilities and facilitate for social activities. Little is known about client experiences and whether and how day care gives meaning to everyday life of persons with mild dementia. Design. A qualitative interview study in a narrative content analysis design. Methods. This study involved narrative interviews with nine Norwegian clients, aged 77-88 years of age, living at home, all being old people with mild dementia. Results. Three main themes emerged: 'Ambivalence Shifts to Interest', 'Meaningful Engagement Engenders Wellbeing' and 'Social Fellowship Promotes Life Contentment'. The findings gave insights into how people with mild dementia had positive experiences from a once-a-week day programme. Conclusions. This study demonstrates feelings of more meaningful lives, well-being and contentment as effects of collaborative day care participation. Safe transfer was a prerequisite to participate. There is a need of more research on how to facilitate person-centred and collaborative day care provided for groups in different contexts, culturally pluralistic groups and groups of younger seniors with mild dementia. Relevance to clinical practice. Persons with mild dementia may practice remaining social and collaborative skills when care facilitate and moderate participant involvement. Therefore, facilitating for clients' feelings of control in secure environments, narrative conversations, group activities and collaborative group interaction are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication between nurses and patients is a pivotal dimension in cancer care. However, one aspect that has received little investigation is the nature of goal-related communications between patient and nurse. This study was designed to investigate the goal-directed communications of nurse-patient interactions in outpatient cancer clinics in Norway. The field study was a naturalistic inquiry involving audio-recordings of eight naturally occurring patient-nurse conversations. Data were content analysed for recurring communication themes and patterns of communication goals. Data revealed three main themes: the medical treatment plan, the patient's cancer situation and prognosis and the patient's psychosocial reactions to their illness. The extent to which each theme was discussed and the types of nurses' and patients' goals varied depending upon the patient's situation. Nurses should be participative in goal-setting and pay great attention to patients' goals and be particularly sensitive to signs of uncertainty. More research is required in order to fully understand the processes involved and help nurses to effectively deal with the core issues involved in these consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRATAAS H.V., THORSNES S.L. & HARGIE O. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19, 184–191 Themes and goals in cancer outpatient – cancer nurse consultations Communication between nurses and patients is a pivotal dimension in cancer care. However, one aspect that has received little investigation is the nature of goal-related communications between patient and nurse. This study was designed to investigate the goal-directed communications of nurse–patient interactions in outpatient cancer clinics in Norway. The field study was a naturalistic inquiry involving audio-recordings of eight naturally occurring patient–nurse conversations. Data were content analysed for recurring communication themes and patterns of communication goals. Data revealed three main themes: the medical treatment plan, the patient's cancer situation and prognosis and the patient's psychosocial reactions to their illness. The extent to which each theme was discussed and the types of nurses' and patients' goals varied depending upon the patient's situation. Nurses should be participative in goal-setting and pay great attention to patients' goals and be particularly sensitive to signs of uncertainty. More research is required in order to fully understand the processes involved and help nurses to effectively deal with the core issues involved in these consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to contribute to knowledge of nursing practice in the cancer care field by exploring cancer nurses' perceptions of conversations with cancer outpatients.Background: Current practice at cancer outpatient clinics in Norway is that nurses have planned conversations with patients and relatives as a follow-up after patient-- physician conversations about assessment and medical treatment. Little is known about nurses' experiences of conversations in the ambulatory context. This study reports the experiences of initial patient--nurse consultations. Data were collected in 2006--2007.Design: A qualitative phenomenological hermeneutic study was performed. A purposive sample of 12 cancer nurses was selected for qualitative interviews where nurses were narrating about conversation experiences. Significance and meaning of conversation experiences were analysed within a hermeneutic perspective, inspired by Ricoeur. Anonymity and voluntary participation procedures were followed. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics of the region.Findings: There were plots of nurses experiencing conversations as hard work, routine work or artistry. The nurses' conceptualizations of their roles as an information provider, or patient-centred caring role were rooted in rules of the nursing community or in humanistic caring ethics. Differences of nurses' perceptions and experiences of conversations are explained by different attitudes and role appreciations.Conclusion: Cancer nurses' role appreciation and meaning horizons are guiding their perceptions of patient--nurse communication. Feeling free to act in interplay with patients' voices, the patients' perspectives become foreground. There is an educational challenge here in terms of developing methods to help nurses to discover how their mental work and meaning horizons guide conversational practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]