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Copyright of Jordanian Educational Journal is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aimed to identify the dominant brain control patterns among female students enrolled in the gymnastics training course and the difference in the level of skill performance of gymnastics and choreography skills among female students according to the pattern of brain control on a sample of 101 female students registered in the gymnastics training course. The researcher used the descriptive approach for its relevance to the subject and objectives of the study. The researcher used statistical treatments (t-test) for independent groups, percentages, and Cronbach's alpha. The study results concluded that the left pattern of brain control is predominant among students enrolled in the gymnastics training course. There are no significant differences in the level of skill performance among the female students enrolled in the gymnastics training course due to the variable of brain control pattern in both gymnastics skills and choreography skills, and the average difference in gymnastics skills in favor of the students with the right style at the expense of the students with the left style, and the average difference in the choreography skills in favor of the students with the left pattern, at the expense of the students with the right pattern. In the study of identifying the pattern of brain mastery among female students before the educational process, the teacher must choose the appropriate teaching methods for each pattern and conduct more studies on the pattern of brain control and its impact on the level of skill performance for the rest of the gymnastics equipment and conducting more studies on the pattern of brain control and its impact on the level of skill performance in other sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport Sciences / Magallat ulum Al-Riyadat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mu'tah Lil-Buḥūth wad-Dirāsāt: Humanities & Social Sciences Series is the property of Mutah University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MediSur is the property of Centro Provincial de Informacion de Ciencias Medicas de Cinfuegos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brain-computer interfaces provide a means for controlling a device by brain activity alone. One major drawback of noninvasive BCIs is their low information transfer rate, obstructing a wider deployment outside the lab. BCIs based on codebook visually evoked potentials (cVEP) outperform all other state-of-the-art systems in that regard. Previous work investigated cVEPs for spelling applications. We present the first cVEP-based BCI for use in real-world settings to accomplish everyday tasks such as navigation or action selection. To this end, we developed and evaluated a cVEP-based on-line BCI that controls a virtual agent in a simulated, but realistic, 3-D kitchen scenario. We show that cVEPs can be reliably triggered with stimuli in less restricted presentation schemes, such as on dynamic, changing backgrounds. We introduce a novel, dynamic repetition algorithm that allows for optimizing the balance between accuracy and speed individually for each user. Using these novel mechanisms in a 12-command cVEP-BCI in the 3-D simulation results in ITRs of 50 bits/min on average and 68 bits/min maximum. Thus, this work supports the notion of cVEP-BCIs as a particular fast and robust approach suitable for real-world use. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A brain-computer interface (BCI) system transforms neural activity into control signals for external devices in real time. A BCI user needs to learn to generate specific cortical activity patterns to control external devices effectively. We call this process BCI learning, and it often requires significant effort and time. Therefore, it is important to study this process and develop novel and efficient approaches to accelerate BCI learning. This article reviews major approaches that have been used for BCI learning, including computer-assisted learning, co-adaptive learning, operant conditioning, and sensory feedback. We focus on BCIs based on electrocorticography and intracortical microelectrode arrays for restoring motor function. This article also explores the possibility of brain modulation techniques in promoting BCI learning, such as electrical cortical stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and optogenetics. Furthermore, as proposed by recent BCI studies, we suggest that BCI learning is in many ways analogous to motor and cognitive skill learning, and therefore skill learning should be a useful metaphor to model BCI learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In order to observe central responses during naturally occurring urinary bladder storage in healthy subjects, we examined brain areas that control strong bladder sensation by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods: All subjects were right-handed and scanned twice under the following two conditions: empty bladder and full bladder ('strong desire to void') without the use of filling with a catheter. Brain imaging software (DPARSF and REST) was adopted to analyze the difference in brain-blood perfusion between the two conditions. Voxel-based analysis of the regional homogeneity (Reho) maps between empty and full bladder was performed with a paired t test. Statistical maps were set at P value <0.05 and were corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: The rs-fMRI scans of 30 healthy subjects (8 men and 22 women, between 24 and 49 years of age) were analyzed. The responses became stronger in the state of strong desire to void ( P < 0.05). Increased activity during strong desire to void was observed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hypothalamus, temporal lobes and left caudate nucleus, which are involved in bladder perception related to large volumes in adults. Conclusions: There are significant changes in the brain's Reho during the strong sensation to void. The results suggest that the PFC, the ACC, hypothalamus, temporal lobes and left caudate nucleus play a role in the cerebral control of bladder storage without artificial bladder filling in healthy people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]