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We previously used differential display to identify severalAnopheles gambiaegenes, whose expression in the mosquito midgut was regulated upon ingestion ofPlasmodium falciparum. Here, we report the characterization of one of these genes,cpbAg1, which codes for the first zinc-carboxypeptidase B identified inAn. gambiaeand in any insect. Expression ofcpbAg1in baculovirus gave rise to an active enzyme, and determination of the N-terminal amino acids confirmed that CPBAg1 contains a signal peptide and a pro-peptide, typical features of digestive zinc carboxypeptidases.cpbAg1mRNA was mainly produced in the mosquito midgut, where it accumulated in unfed females and was rapidly down-regulated upon blood feeding. Annotation of theAn. gambiaegenome predicts twenty-three sequences coding for zinc-carboxypeptidases of which only two (cpbAg1andcpbAg2) are expressed at a significant level in the mosquito midgut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anopheles gambiae is the main vector of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa. The mosquito midgut constitutes a barrier that the parasite must cross if it is to develop and be transmitted. Despite the central role of the mosquito midgut in the host/parasite interaction, little is known about its protein composition. Characterisation of An. gambiae midgut proteins may identify the proteins that render An. gambiae receptive to the malaria parasite. Methods: We carried out two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of An. gambiae midgut proteins and compared protein profiles for midguts from males, sugar-fed females and females fed on human blood. Results: Very few differences were detected between male and female mosquitoes for the approximately 375 silver-stained proteins. Male midguts contained ten proteins not detected in sugar-fed or blood-fed females, which are therefore probably involved in male-specific functions; conversely, female midguts contained twenty-three proteins absent from male midguts. Eight of these proteins were specific to sugar-fed females, and another ten, to blood-fed females. Conclusion: Mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins found only in blood-fed female midguts, together with data from the recent sequencing of the An. gambiae genome, should make it possible to determine the role of these proteins in blood digestion or parasite receptivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Little is known about the composition of the mosquito midgut which plays a central role in the development and subsequent transmission of malaria parasites. As a first step towards the characterization of mosquito midgut molecules involved in the transmission of malaria parasites, we analysed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns of the midgut proteins of sugar-fed and blood-fed Anopheles stephensi lines of different susceptibility to P. falciparum infection. Two lines fully susceptible and one line (Pb3-9A) of reduced susceptibility were used. In the refractory line ookinetes do develop but are only inefficiently transformed into oocysts (Feldmann & Ponnudurai, 1989). The protein profiles of midguts from all sugar-fed mosquito lines were similar. However, after blood feeding, the midgut of the fully susceptible lines contained proteins not found in the midgut of line Pb3-9A. Twenty-nine such proteins were detected and are candidates for involvement in the interaction between the mosquito midgut and P. falciparum . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]