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We report the case of an 8-year-old girl who developed progressive generalized dystonia, rendering her unable to walk and sit within months despite medical therapy with dopamine and anti-cholinergic agents. She was found to have a 9q34.1 GAG-deletion, which is known to cause DYTI-dystonia. DYT-1 dystonia is an autosomal dominant condition with incomplete penetrance that usually starts in childhood. It is known to be refractory to pharmacotherapy. Reports on deep brain stimulation in this condition reveal marked benefits of the treatment in the pediatric and adult populations. The patient underwent bilateral stimulation of the internal globus pallidus 18 months after symptom onset. Postoperatively, her clinical status improved significantly as measured by the Burke-Fahn- Marsden dystonia rating scale and the resolution of a unilateral hip dislocation. Normal participation was regained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on posterior fossa tremor induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated progressive multi-focal leukoencephalopathy. Movement disorders occur in 2-3% of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and are mostly caused by toxoplasmosis abscesses. However, other rare etiologies such as progressive multi-focal leukoencephalopathy (PML) or HIV-associated dementia have been described. The diagnosis of PML is supported by typical magnetic resonance imaging findings.