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The aviation industry faces an array of risks threatening flight operations and revenue streams, from adverse weather to infrastructure failures and pandemic disease. Traditional indemnity insurance compensates policyholders' assessed losses after claims adjustment, but delays payment. Parametric policies instead pay predefined sums automatically triggered by measurable event parameters, enabling timely claims settlement. Although a niche market, parametric aviation insurance is gaining appeal for providing rapid payouts and expanding insurers' underwriting capacity. This study reviews parametric policy structures, analyzes adoption drivers including data proliferation and financial volatility, examines market barriers, and presents implications for aviation stakeholders. Offering insureds defined, transparent triggers and accelerated claims payment, parametric products can strengthen airlines' financial resilience after disruptions. But education on suitable policy design and accessing reinsurance and alternative capital is still required to drive continued parametric market expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How tissue-level information encoded by fields of regulatory gene activity is translated into the patterns of cell polarity and growth that generate the diverse shapes of different species remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate this problem in the case of leaf shape differences between Arabidopsis thaliana, which has simple leaves, and its relative Cardamine hirsuta that has complex leaves divided into leaflets. We show that patterned expression of the transcription factor CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 in C. hirsuta (ChCUC1) is a key determinant of leaf shape differences between the two species. Through inducible genetic perturbations, time-lapse imaging of growth, and computational modeling, we find that ChCUC1 provides instructive input into auxin-based leaf margin patterning. This input arises via transcriptional regulation of multiple auxin homeostasis components, including direct activation of WAG kinases that are known to regulate the polarity of PIN-FORMED auxin transporters. Thus, we have uncovered a mechanism that bridges biological scales by linking spatially distributed and species-specific transcription factor expression to cell-level polarity and growth, to shape diverse leaf forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The research aims to understand consumer preferences and purchasing behaviors related to sustainability in high-end apparel businesses. It seeks to compare perceptions of sustainable and non-sustainable luxury brands while providing insights into industry practices and future exploration in the field of sustainable fashion. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research employs a comparative approach to study consumer preferences and behaviors within the highend apparel sector, focusing on sustainability. The data analysis involves assessing 335 responses, with 300 deemed suitable for the study's objectives. Findings: The research reveals that sustainable luxury apparel brands are perceived more favorably in terms of reliability, trustworthiness, style, and quality compared to non-sustainable counterparts. These findings offer practical insights for luxury brands to adopt and communicate sustainability practices effectively. Moreover, the study suggests potential future research directions that address broader industry challenges and contribute to the sustainable luxury domain. Research Limitations: The study's cross-sectional design, capturing data at a single point, limits establishing causal relationships and tracking changes over time. The reliance on a sample of 300 individuals might not fully represent diverse luxury fashion consumers, impacting the findings' generalizability due to demographic factors like age, gender, and location. Managerial Implications: The study suggests that luxury brands can enhance their image by promoting sustainability, which positively affects reliability, trustworthiness, style, and quality perceptions, ultimately boosting purchase intentions. Originality/Value: It adds original insights to the interface of sustainability, brand perceptions, and consumer behavior, catering to the growing demand for ethical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elacestrant (RAD-1901), a selective estrogen receptor degrader, was approved by USFDA on January 27, 2023, for the treatment of breast cancer. It has been developed by Menarini Group under the brand name Orserdu®. Elacestrant showed anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo in ER+ HER2-positive breast cancer models. The present review delebrates the development stages of Elacestrant, with its medicinal chemistry, synthesis, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetic studies. Clinical data and safety profile has also been discussed, including data from randomized trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of urbanisation in the Global South and increasing climate-induced disaster events, fostering resilience in infrastructure systems is critical to delivering on goals of economic development, poverty reduction, and climate action. Adaptive pathways, given its inherent consideration of uncertainty and an embedded feedback mechanism, becomes a necessary conceptual underpinning to deliver on the resilient infrastructure challenge. We argue that knowledge and iterative learning are key components that enable the flexibility of adaptive pathways. Higher education (HE) plays a critical role in influencing knowledge that is adaptive and dynamic to respond to this challenge. This study adopts a qualitative approach with a case study design to identify gaps in how urban resilient infrastructure is conceptualised and taught in HE institutions.. The study finds that interdisciplinarity, when reflected in the elements of content, pedagogy, and delivery would foster substantial critical thinking and reflexivity required to address the resilient infrastructure challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we critically examine the gendered impacts of climatechange related extreme events upon workers in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Climate change impacts disproportionately affect the livelihoods of women engaged in informal work like weaving from their homes and street vending. Existing research suggests that women are more likely to be among the most vulnerable in such extreme events as well as are vital agents to develop climate resilience within their communities. We draw upon unique quantitative and qualitative data to critically examine the lived experiences of female informal workers from Leh, Ladakh (India). Drawing on the work of Duchek (2020), we explore how women informal workers navigate their daily strategies of anticipating, coping, and adapting toward climate change. From this analysis, we offer novel empirical evidence about gendered climate resilience and suggest broad recommendations for building climate resilience within mountain communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of Indian cinema have traditionally placed more emphasis on directors, stars, aesthetics and issues of ideology than on the practices of creative producers. Although these are important concerns, the role of Indian producers deserves careful scholarly attention, especially in the context of transnational film projects, where producers are often involved from the pre-development stage through production and distribution. To address this problem, this article examines the production stories of an Indian creative producer, Guneet Monga (1983-), who is well-known for setting up Indian-European co-productions that deviate from contemporaneous spectacle-driven mainstream Bollywood productions. Through an in-depth personal interview with the producer herself and insights from film and media production studies, this article demonstrates how Monga's micro-production stories reveal larger creative and collaborative practices that are transforming India's independent film production culture and making it more transnational. This article shows that producers––the least researched figure in Indian film scholarship––gain several navigational tactics through transnational co-productions such as telling tales of tenacity, hustling and interpersonal networking, among others. These tactics, in turn, challenge the precarious conditions of working in the Bollywood-dominated film culture of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence of the impact of social and emotional learning (SEL) on student well-being as well as academic performance has led to an increased interest in understanding and measuring SEL in students. However, most existing measures have been developed in English and there is a paucity of culturally relevant measures in other languages. In this study, we present a short, culturally sensitive 8-item scale in Hindi entitled the Social and Emotional Learning and Orientation Scale (SELOS). Factor structure of SELOS was established through exploratory (N =2844; Mage=14.65 years) and confirmatory factor analysis (N =1508; Mage=14.50 years) with responses from 4352 Hindi-speaking students in India. The scale demonstrated a two-factor structure, with good reliability, discriminant validity and partial measurement invariance across gender. These results provide encouraging evidence for conducting culturally sensitive studies of SEL in India and in other Hindi-speaking parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Use next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to improve our diagnostic yield in patients with suspected genetic disorders in the Asian setting.Design: A diagnostic study conducted between 2014 and 2019 (and ongoing) under the Singapore Undiagnosed Disease Program. Date of last analysis was 1 July 2019.Setting: Inpatient and outpatient genetics service at two large academic centres in Singapore.Patients: Inclusion criteria: patients suspected of genetic disorders, based on abnormal antenatal ultrasound, multiple congenital anomalies and developmental delay.Exclusion Criteria: patients with known genetic disorders, either after clinical assessment or investigations (such as karyotype or chromosomal microarray).Interventions: Use of NGS technology-whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS).Main Outcome Measures: (1) Diagnostic yield by sequencing type, (2) diagnostic yield by phenotypical categories, (3) reduction in time to diagnosis and (4) change in clinical outcomes and management.Results: We demonstrate a 37.8% diagnostic yield for WES (n=172) and a 33.3% yield for WGS (n=24). The yield was higher when sequencing was conducted on trios (40.2%), as well as for certain phenotypes (neuromuscular, 54%, and skeletal dysplasia, 50%). In addition to aiding genetic counselling in 100% of the families, a positive result led to a change in treatment in 27% of patients.Conclusion: Genomic sequencing is an effective method for diagnosing rare disease or previous 'undiagnosed' disease. The clinical utility of WES/WGS is seen in the shortened time to diagnosis and the discovery of novel variants. Additionally, reaching a diagnosis significantly impacts families and leads to alteration in management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rising incidents of aggression and violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) is widening the rift between the patients and their caregivers. So, aim of the study was to evaluate the perceptions of healthcare workers (HCWs) and patient's attendants about factors responsible for widespread violence and patient-physician distrust. Materials and methods: An anonymous, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year in a tertiary care teaching institute. Performas, adapted from WHO published questionnaire and translated to local language, were administered separately to HCWs and attendants. Responses generated were collected and analyzed. Results: Out of 295 HCWs, 11 (3.7%) HCWs faced physical violence, whereas verbal abuse was faced by 147 (50%) HCWs. A higher number of incidents of physical violence (91%) and verbal abuse (64%) were faced by HCWs in the age group of 20-30 years. Verbal abuse was faced by 49.3% of nurses, 53% of junior residents, 61% of senior residents and 36% of consultants. Out of 158 incidents of workplace violence (WPV), maximum occurred in ICUs (62.0%) and emergency (21%). Unexpected death, unexpected complication, extended hospital stay, staff shortage and unexpected bill were some of the factors perceived to be responsible for WPV. Conclusion: HCWs commonly face violence from patient's attendants resulting in stressful and fearful environment at the healthcare facility. Dedicated sessions on good communication and counseling for HCWs and better security arrangements at the hospitals are the need of the hour and also in the best interest of HCWs and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Industries start focusing on the green concept in supply chain management (SCM) to reduce waste and emission, preserve the quality of natural resources and decrease the consumption of hazardous/harmful materials for better product life cycle, which not only improve environmental performance but also economic performance. But, for industries, it is still very difficult to understand and analyze the effect of individual activities and their corresponding contribution. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze selected issues in green supply chain management for the implementation of the green concept in industries.Design/methodology/approach To fulfill the objectives of this paper, analytical network process-multi-objective optimization using rational analysis (ANP-MOORA) techniques are used. In the proposed methodologies, different issues, sub-issues, and alternatives are identified for the selection of the best supply chain using ANP which is being followed by the MOORA method.Findings Findings of this paper are highly valuable for the Indian manufacturing industries for the management of green supply chain (GSC) issues.Research limitations/implications In this research, only selected issues are identified and analyzed for the management of GSCs. Further, it is believed that an ANP-based framework helps to take up the explicit account of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches in decision making and for improving and selecting the best supply chain. Other issues in GSC can be analyzed and further extended by other MCDM approaches.Originality/value This paper identified different type of supply chains and their issues. The systematic way of analyzing the green concept in supply chain helps the researchers and managers to implement green management practices for improving economic and environmental performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodic patterns during development often occur spontaneously through a process of self-organization. While reaction-diffusion mechanisms are often invoked, other types of mechanisms that involve cell-cell interactions and mechanical buckling have also been identified. Phyllotaxis, or the positioning of plant organs, has emerged as an excellent model system to study the self-organization of periodic patterns. At the macro scale, the regular spacing of organs on the growing plant shoot gives rise to the typical spiral and whorled arrangements of plant organs found in nature. In turn, this spacing relies on complex patterns of cell polarity that involve feedback between a signaling molecule -- the plant hormone auxin -- and its polar, cell-to-cell transport. Here, we review recent progress in understanding phyllotaxis and plant cell polarity and highlight the development of new tools that can help address the remaining gaps in our understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the very large numbers of low-income households displaced by development or infrastructure projects in Ahmedabad and their relocation by city government to housing on resettlement sites. It discusses the involvement of the Mahila Housing SEWA Trust (MHT) in setting up the required resident welfare associations (RWAs) in eight of these resettlement sites and the difficulties MHT faced in getting residents to follow the many time-consuming procedures that were necessary. Constraints included distrust by residents of the government agencies and the lack of social networks or leadership structures in the resettlement sites resulting from the housing allocation process, which did not keep neighbours or communities together. The city government's objective for the RWAs was not to support participatory governance or facilitate improvements in the lives of resettled dwellers but to pass on the costs, maintenance and management responsibilities of the resettlement sites to these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An operator T is called n-normal operator if TnT* = T*Tn and n-quasinormal operator if TnT*T = T*TTn. In this paper, the conditions under which composition operators and weighted composition operators become n-normal operators and n-quasinormal operators have been obtained in terms of Radon-Nikodym derivative hn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, T inducing the composition operator on the generalized Lorentz-Zygmund space(GLZ) Lp;q;α has been studied. The generalization of the composition operator on the GLZ space Lp;q;α is also studied. Various properties like boundedness, compactness and closed range of these operators are explored on this space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the literatures, the sensitivity analysis of fuzzy transportation problems has not been explored like other mathematical programming problems. In this paper, a new method is proposed for the same. To illustrate the proposed method a numerical example is solved by using the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to assess object identification (“what”) and location (“where”) skills among girls with fragile X or Turner syndrome and girls with neither disorder. Participants completed standardized subtests of visual perception and tasks of visuospatial “what” and “where” memory. Girls with fragile X had average performance on most object identification tasks, yet 53% failed to accurately recreate the gestalt of a design during the “where” memory task. Fewer than 7% of girls in the Turner or comparison group made this error. Girls with Turner syndrome had lower scores and longer response times on object perception tasks and had poorer recall of location for internal features of the design on the “where” memory task, relative to girls in the comparison or fragile X group. When limiting analyses to IQ-matched samples, correlations between math and visual perception tasks emerged, but only for girls with fragile X. These results reflect important differences between two cognitive phenotypes and have implications for the role of visuospatial processing in early math performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In plants mechanical signals pattern morphogenesis through the polar transport of the hormone auxin and through regulation of interphase microtubule (MT) orientation. To date, the mechanisms by which such signals induce changes in cell polarity remain unknown. Through a combination of time-lapse imaging, and chemical and mechanical perturbations, we show that mechanical stimulation of the SAM causes transient changes in cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration (Ca2+) and that transient Ca2+ response is required for downstream changes in PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) polarity. We also find that dynamic changes in Ca2+ occur during development of the SAM and this Ca2+ response is required for changes in PIN1 polarity, though not sufficient. In contrast, we find that Ca2+ is not necessary for the response of MTs to mechanical perturbations revealing that Ca2+ specifically acts downstream of mechanics to regulate PIN1 polarity response. Auxin transport and microtubule orientation respond to mechanical stimulation at the shoot apical meristem. Here Li et al. show that mechanical stimulation causes cytosolic calcium concentration transients, and preventing such changes impairs reorientation of the PIN1 auxin efflux carrier, but not of microtubules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]