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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br.), is the most widely cultivated food crop after rice, wheat, and maize. The aim of the project is to determine the crop acreage of Pearl millet (Bajra) using Sentinel-1A SAR data and Machine Learning Algorithm to determine the yield estimation of the Pearl millet crop at the tehsil level using the Monteith approach. The classification overall accuracy is found to be 86.48% for Agra district and 80.15% for Firozabad district. The Relative Deviation of yield estimation for the Agra and Firozabad districts is found to be 10.14 and 6, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater investigation in Thar Desert is a challenging task due to low rainfall pattern and limited recharge. In search of an alternate source of drinking water, satellite remote sensing technique has been used in delineation of palaeochannel (PC) in parts of Rajasthan. Analysis of temporal satellite images (1995–2016) show the signature of PC with increasing vegetation anomaly in an elevated terrain. Validation of the PC and its groundwater potential were demonstrated using land use land cover statistics, High-resolution Electrical Resistivity Tomography (HERT) and drilling data. 2D resistivity tomograms show that the PC aquifer is a low resistivity zone (7.98–53.6 Xm), characterized by thick alluvium at 26 m depth. Based on the integrated analysis of satellite data and geospatial maps it has been inferred that this ancient fluvial channel (PC) has been rejuvenated due to groundwater recharge from the canal water from the north, after commissioning of IGNP canal in 1992. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote Sensing technique with multi-sensor satellite images is found to be a useful tool in delineation of the palaeochannel network in arid to semi-arid regions in India. Principal Component Analysis method with fused images (optical and microwave data) shows a wide N-S trending Sutlej Palaeochannels (SPC) and narrow NE-SW trending palaeochannels in central Punjab. High-resolution Electrical Resistivity Tomography (HERT) survey and litholog data analysis provide good groundwater prospect zone of the palaeochannel. Interpretation of 2D resistivity tomograms with Wenner-Schlumberger method exhibit a thick zone of low resistivity layer (saturated coarse-grained sand) at a depth of 40 m. Integrated geo-tectonic study provides clue that the river migration of Sutlej River from N-S to E-W direction was due to a major tectonic upliftment in the Himalaya. Geochronological data analysis indicates that the avulsed channel of SPC was the main course of old Ghaggar River, linked to the ‘Lost Saraswati River’ in northwest India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Spaceborne data with Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) bands have been used worldwide in discriminating different clay minerals. However, due to wide bandwidth of ASTER sensors, it is difficult to distinguish between pure and impure variety of talc mineral. The present study highlights the efficacy of airborne hyperspectral data Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer – Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) for spectral analysis in talc mineral in the Jahazpur Belt of Bhilwara district in Rajasthan, India. Due to its better spectral and spatial resolution, AVIRIS-NG is found to be extremely useful in identifying talc mineral in SWIR region. Talc is characterized by doublet shaped spectral pattern in AVIRIS-NG image with strong absorption dips at 2289.75 nm and 2314.80 nm which could not be picked up in ASTER image. Spectral matching of talc pixels is verified with the field spectra of samples and available spectral library of United States Geological Survey, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and International Geological Correlation Programme. Variation in reflectance percentage of different talc pixels is attributed to variation in chemical composition of talc. However, a large number of mixed pixels with spectral pattern of both talc and kaolinite minerals have been identified in AVIRIS-NG image which are found to be an impure variety of talc. Whole-pixel to sub-pixel classification techniques with Spectral Angle Mapper, Spectral Feature Fitting, Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering, and Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) techniques have been applied for talc abundance mapping in Jahazpur area. LSU is found to be the most useful and accurate technique in classifying spectrally pure to impure variety of talc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thar Desert region is mainly comprised of sand dunes and sand sheets which are distributed in more than 80 per cent geographical area of western Rajasthan. Among the different types of sand dunes, nearly 50 per cent area of western Rajasthan is covered by parabolic dunes. However, morphodynamics of parabolic dunes in the Thar Desert is not fully understood. For this purpose, high-resolution satellite data of IRS RS2 LISS-IV (5.8 m resolution) and Cartosat-1 DEM (10 m resolution) have been used for delineation of parabolic dunes with the derivation of morphometric parameters (dune length, dune area, volume of sand accumulation and dune height) in western Rajasthan. Scatter plots of these morphometric parameters show a linear relationship with correlation coefficient (0.59–0.80). Interpolated maps show an increased rate of wind speed during 1980–2014. Although several measures have been taken for sand dune stabilisation, differential sand migration has been estimated for selected parabolic dunes using temporal DEMs (SRTM DEM of 2000 and Carto DEM of 2009). The analysis shows average dune shifting of 7.11 m/year in Barmer, 5.15 m/year in Jaisalmer and 3.51 m/year in Bikaner districts of western Rajasthan in the Thar Desert area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]