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This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors related to the fragmentation and stability of the rest-activity rhythm (RAR) in adults and older adults. It is part of a larger research project investigating aspects concerning sleep duration, quality, and disorders in a representative subsample of the population. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle, health habits and subjective sleep variables were obtained; RAR records were collected by means of actigraphy and analyzed using non-parametric variables (IS, IV, M10, L5, RA, sL5, and sM10). Study participants were 313 individuals with complete actigraphy records. There was a prevalence of older adults (50.2%) and females (51.1%). Females, individuals with 4–8 y of education, and those who used alcohol abusively exhibited lower RAR fragmentation. Higher fragmentation was observed in individuals who napped and those reporting poor sleep quality. Greater rhythm stability was evident in females, older adults, those with 4–8 y of education, and those who had a partner. Smokers demonstrated lower RAR stability. These findings may contribute valuable insights for decision-making aimed at preventing and treating issues related to fragmentation and instability of the rhythm and its possible consequences to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure how diabetes, its complications, and limitations are associated to the domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 2178 individuals from the 2014/2015 City of Campinas Health Survey. The SF-36 was used to measure HRQoL. Mean scores were calculated. Crude and adjusted beta coefficients were estimated using multiple linear regression.Results: Diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the scores of five SF-36 domains. However, no significant reduction of scores was found among diabetics without complications and with no reports of limitations. The reduction in HRQoL was more accentuated with the increase in the number of complications. Three domains were affected in diabetics with one complication and all were affected in those with two or more complications, especially the role physical, role emotional, and physical functioning. Five domains were affected among diabetics who reported some degree of limitation and all were affected in those who reported high degree of limitation. Patients who reported limitation even in the absence of complications had reductions of the scores especially in the role emotional and social functioning.Conclusions: The results reveal that the association between diabetes and HRQoL only prevail in the occurrence of complications and limitations imposed by the disease, indicating the necessity to avoid or delay the emergence of chronic complications with adequate control methods and paying attention to the perception of limitation reported by the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objective: To analyse the association between napping, functional capacity and satisfaction with life in older adult residing in the community. Method: A cross‐sectional population‐based study using data from a health survey conducted in a city of the state of São Paulo. Information on sociodemographic and clinical variables was collected through a questionnaire, as well as the occurrence or not of napping and satisfaction with life. Functional capacity was assessed using the Katz Index and Lawton–Brody Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the Rao–Scott chi‐square test and a hierarchical analysis using stepwise backward multiple Poisson regression. p‐Values <0.05 were considered significant. In this paper, we adhere to STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Results: There was predominance of the 60–69 years age group (51.3%) and of females (60.8%). The majority of the older adults (57.5%), of both sexes, reported napping. A higher prevalence of napping was found in the older subjects, the male sex, the subjects without children, those with health problems and those that were partially dependent in instrumental activities of daily living. Conclusions: The study showed that naps are prevalent in older adults. The need to identify the issues that permeate napping is emphasised, in order to promote health in individuals of this age group, before classifying the practice as beneficial or harmful. Relevance to clinical practice: It is essential that health professionals, in their practices, consider the complaints and reports of naps in the elderly, in an attempt to detect and reduce possible consequences in activities of daily living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection among 1,059 inmates in two prisons in Sorocaba, Brazil. Sociodemographics, prison history, and sexual and drug exposures were assessed by interviewer–administered questionnaire. HIV infection was detected in 115 (12.6%) inmates. Seroprevalence was 35% among those with a history of IDU ( OR = 11.4, 95% CI 5.58–23.5). Sex with female visitors was reported by 66%, and homosexual practices with other inmates by 10%. Independent predictors of HIV infection were age <35 years ( OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4), birthplace (natives of Sorocaba; OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.8), and number of previous incarcerations (≥1 compared to 0) ( OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.07–2.7). Prevalence of HIV infection among these inmates is comparable to rates in metropolitan Sao Paulo and other prison populations internationally. The use of injecting drugs is the most important risk exposure in this population. These findings indicate an urgent need to institute prevention programs for this population both inside and outside prisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]