Search

The industrial development of branches of social production is an important form of the manifestation of technical progress and the intensification of production. Decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union have repeatedly emphasized that the industrial development of all social production is one of the most important bases for substantially improving the people's standard of living. Decisions and materials of the Twenty-Fourth Congress of the CPSU indicate the great importance of converting a number of key branches of the national economy to an industrial approach to development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under socialism, scientific forecasting is a necessary stage in the process of national economic planning. It is called upon to determine, in the stage preceding the plan, possible variants of technical, economic, and social development in the long run, the knowledge of which makes it possible to proceed to the preparation of state national economic plans. In the forecasting process, the elaboration of these variants is first based on general tasks in communist construction, on consideration of existing trends in the base period (for a more or less extended period), and on projected changes in the operationof factors in economic development in the future that can lead to changes in old trends and to the formation of new socioeconomic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elaboration of a national economic plan should meet two basic requirements. First, the plan should guarantee the continuous growth of proportional balanced social production in keeping with the demands of a society that is moving toward communism; and, second, the plan should ensure increasing effectiveness in social production. These two planning principles determine the content of the plan and the process of plan formation. It should be emphasized that while we, for the most part, strike the proper balance in our plans, the task of increasing the effectiveness of social production is still not quite satisfactorily solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic efficiency of production concentration and the determination of the optimal size of enterprises are among the key problems of the socialist economy. Insufficient theoretical treatment of these problems adversely affects the practical solution of the problems of production concentration in both industry and agriculture. Although in some stages of the development of our economy, when it became evident that the level of production concentration in given branches was inadequate, measures were taken to amalgamate production, not infrequently the dimensions of amalgamated or newly built large enterprises were determined on the basis of subjective or, sometimes, purely intuitive decisions. As a result, excessively large enterprises were sometimes created which were low in efficiency and were difficult to manage. And this subsequently made it necessary to wage a struggle against the mania to create giant units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successes of our national economic planning are undisputed and well known. Its methods and principles, developed in the course of socialist construction, have shown their viability and great effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interindustry balance sheets characterizing the interrelations between branches of material production provide extensive material for studying the structure of production and the influence exerted on it by technical progress. The structure of social production depends on the level of development of the productive forces and on the nature of the social system of the given country. It is out of the question, therefore, to think in terms of copying the structure of production of the more technically developed capitalist countries in our long-term plans. However, a discerning study of the production structures of the capitalist countries, chiefly those with a high level of technical development, is of considerable interest to planning personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The national economy of the USSR, rapidly growing in scale and diversity, requires the constant development of methods of economic analysis and national economic planning which would make it possible to raise considerably the accuracy of planning calculations and thus select the most effective balanced variants of a plan for economic development. The interbranch balance method is one of the methods affording a deeper insight into, and a broader study of, the structure of the national economy and the interdependence of its main elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main ways of improving the balance method of planning is the working out of a balance showing the production and distribution of products in the branches of industry. The inter-branch balance gives an overall and detailed picture of the process of socialist reproduction, and is a specification of the social product balance. Like the latter, it reflects the key national economic proportions, such as the relation of the replacement fund and the national income, the accumulation and consumption funds, material outlays and net output, the necessary and surplus product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of balances plays a very important part in national economic planning. In the process of preparing long-range and annual plans by means of the method of balances the necessary proportions in the development of the different branches of the national economy are established and correct relationships between production and consumption are determined.A most important part in determining national economic proportions is played by the national economic balance worked out in our country. It reflects the fundamental economic proportions, for example - the relationships between consumption and accumulation, between industry and agriculture, between the production of the means of production and the production of articles of consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the years of Soviet power, the peoples of our country, under the leadership of the Communist Party, have effected tremendous transformations in all fields of the economy and of culture. As the result of the industrialization of the country, the collectivization of agricuIture, the elimination of exploiting classes and the execution of a cultural revolution in the USSR, the socialist mode of production has triumphed. Our country was transformed from a backward agrarian country to one of powerful industry and collective farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In all the stages of building socialism, the Communist Party and the Soviet government have directed and continue to direct the development of our industry along the path of specialization and cooperation. The latter are becoming increasingly important for the growth and the improvement of socialist production. A program of further development of specialization and cooperation was formulated at the 20th Congress of the CPSU. On the basis of the thoroughgoing studies of the present situation of specialization and cooperation and with consideration of the requirements of advanced technology and the new, larger scales of production, the Party and the government proposed a number of important measures regulating the specialization of existing enterprises, creating new specialized plants and shops of mass production of semi-fabricates, parts, units, and aggregates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deals with the industrial development of branches of social production. Information on the process of industrial development; Details on the interrelations between industry and agriculture in industrially developed countries; Status of Soviet Union's agriculture.

Discusses the methodological problems in forecasting economic development and technical progress in Soviet Union. Task of socioeconomic forecasting in the Soviet Union; Link between forecasting and planning; Role of factors in economic development in forecasting; Problems in long-term forecasts.

Examines methods of national economic planning. Marxist-Leninist theory; Comprehensive plan of branch structure of social production; Mathematical dependence between final and gross social product.

Discusses the economic efficiency of production concentration in Soviet Union. Increase in fixed assets per worker; Gross output of business enterprises; Labor productivity.

Points out that the Soviet Union need not just a balanced economic plan, but a plan that will guarantee high rates of production growth, effective interbranch proportions and high quality of the goods produced. Need to minimize expenditures of social labor; Elements included in scientifically substantiated planning; Dynamic model of the interbranch balance.