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Purpose: To examine perceived playing behaviors and attitudes in American football players concerning a novel, overbuilt-style football helmet facemask. Methods: Thirty-four collegiate-aged current or former football players reported to a one-on-one session to complete an 11-item survey to gauge what effects there might be on their attitudes or behaviors during football. Results: Fifty percent of current or former football players agreed they would be more intimidated by an opposing player wearing an overbuilt facemask and 53% felt they would be more intimidating to opposing players. Nearly 40% reported that they would feel safer wearing the overbuilt facemask, despite no evidence that it affords enhanced protection. Conclusions: The preliminary data suggest player perceptions of overbuilt facemasks may negatively influence playing behavior. [[Athletic Training & Sports Health Care. 2019;11(6):273–279.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negotiated civil war terminations differ from their interstate war counterparts in that one side must disarm and cease to exist as a fighting entity. While termination through military victory provides a relatively more enduring peace, many civil wars end with peace agreements signed after negotiations. However, research has shown that the implementation of civil war peace agreements is difficult and prone to collapse. Often these failures are followed by recurrence of the conflict. In some cases, the agreements break down before key provisions are implemented. This article adds to this topic by focusing on the role of state capacity in peace agreement success. We argue that peace agreements and state capacity are necessary but not sufficient conditions for supstainable peace. The article employs a case study approach to explore the importance of state capacity in implementing civil war peace agreements. The role of third-party interventions is also considered. The cases (United Kingdom-Northern Ireland, Indonesia-Aceh, Burundi, Mali, and Somalia) include 14 peace agreements that vary by war type (secessionist or control over government), type of agreement (comprehensive or partial), levels of state capacity (high or low), and peace success (success, partial or failure), and each experienced third-party involvement in the peace process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]