Search

Background: Vaccination is one of the most effective interventions used to reduce infections. Nonetheless, concerns and misconceptions about vaccines have resulted in an increased rate of refusal of vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) and within the general population. Aim/ Objective: To understand the factors that underlie vaccination-refusal. Methods: A questionnaire was given to the HCWs in the inpatient area of an acute London hospital during May 2019. The sample was one of convenience, i.e. the wards where the principle investigator covered. All staff were approached: 306 in total completed the questionnaire. Findings/results: In total, 212 (69.28%) healthcare professionals had the flu vaccine during the 2018–2019 campaign, 94 (30.62%) did not have the flu vaccine and 37 (39.36%) of the HCWs that did not receive the flu vaccine reported they had previously a bad reaction following administration of the vaccine. Discussion: This report will provide the Trust and other healthcare settings with information integrating the disconnection between misconceptions and vaccination knowledge, which may inform practical interventions to address the challenges of vaccination in future campaigns. Increasing HCWs' knowledge of flu vaccine side effects could address this and may increase rates of vaccination compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State devolution has combined with social movement pressures to give communities increasing access and rights to southern forests, making development of effective local participation in sustainable resource management crucial. This paper discusses an experience of participatory research in Central America, which sought to help two grassroots forest organizations, the Association of Forest Communities of Petén, Guatemala and the Farmer to Farmer Programme of Siuna, Nicaragua, to respond to new organizational and political challenges by developing their internal capacity for research and analysis. Community-based 'para-professional' social researchers were trained to carry out studies of their communities' experiences with natural resource management, including strengths, problems and possible response strategies. The collaborative research initiative also encountered problems of inequality, uneven education and skills and concerns with validity. The results of this experience indicate that with appropriate support, community-based research and researchers can help engender collective reflection, strengthen local organizational capacity and contribute knowledge and analysis in support of forest community movements' efforts to promote local resource rights and more sustainable development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Geografia: Revista Colombiana de Geografía is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Existing research on the development of graduate students' teaching competency focuses on the need for their learning opportunities to be contextualized to their specific content area and course structure. A group of graduate teaching assistants collaborated with a biology professor and a science educator in a Japanese Lesson Study to directly address this need for contextualized learning. During this lesson study collaboration, the participants designed a new laboratory focused on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This article overviews our application of lesson study and data we gathered about participants' learning. We found that the participants were able to articulate two types of rationales for their teaching: rationales for lesson design and rationales for the importance of including Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in undergraduate biology. We conclude with implications of lesson study for graduate teaching assistant development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant tenure reforms have taken place over public forestlands in the past 20 years in Latin America. These reforms differ from previous tenure reforms with respect to their origins and goals. In forest tenure reform, rights have being granted through a diversity of tenure arrangements, mainly to those already living in forests and to collectives rather than individuals, and with the potentially contradictory goals of promoting local well-being while conserving forests. These reforms face several challenges for achieving their goals and have resulted in ambiguous outcomes. We argue that outcomes for people and forests could be improved if, besides the simple recognition of rights to forests, greater attention is placed on aligning broader policy incentives to support community and smallholders efforts to manage their forests. We discuss the characteristics of forest tenure reform based on five cases, representing different tenure arrangements, in four countries in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In recent decades, forests across the world have undergone a significant process of recognition and transference of tenure rights to local communities or individuals, referred to here as forest tenure reforms. Among developing regions, Latin America has seen the most important recognition and transference of these tenure rights to forest dwelling and forest dependent communities. This paper examines the process in Guatemala, where the state has recognised and transferred rights to organised local groups—establishing a community concession system in the multiple use zone of the Maya Biosphere Reserve. We analyse the evolution of claims over forest uses, and focus on the legitimacy elements underpinning the process of a claim becoming a right. The results indicate that in order to sustain this forest tenure reform process over time, it is important to understand how tenure arrangements are transferred and distributed among rights-receivers, and how this process is influenced by the elements that underpin legitimation as well as those that define authority. Understanding the underpinnings of the legitimacy behind forest tenure reforms is central to identifying ways in which these processes can work, and also becomes important for developing more sound policy frameworks that fill gaps and resolve incongruence in governmental systems for forest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competition and predation are two of the most important factors structuring communities, and these interactions may be exaggerated when two closely related species share similar resource requirements. We studied size-based habitat selection of artificial phytotelmata for deposition of tadpoles in two species of poison-dart frogs, Dendrobates auratus and Oophaga granulifera, in Costa Rica. Dendrobates auratus exhibits male parental care, and its tadpoles are predaceous, whereas O. granulifera exhibits biparental care, and its tadpoles are obligatory trophic egg eaters. These behavioral traits are integral factors in habitat selection for these two species. We found that the predaceous D. auratus selected large- and medium-sized pools, whereas O. granulifera selected all pool sizes but had a preference for small pools. Oophaga granulifera paid a high cost for exploiting large pools experiencing 100% mortality when sharing a pool with D. auratus. The use of small versus large pools in these species is rooted in each species' divergent parental care strategies and tadpole feeding behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timber harvesting can alter habitats of forest-dwelling species and these alterations can be highly detrimental to species such as amphibians that are intimately associated with habitat temperature and moisture regimes. Consequently, information on conservation practices that can reduce impacts on these species can be useful to prevent local extinctions. Twenty-two of 40 pools constructed by the Fernow Experimental Station, USDA Northern Research Station, Parsons, West Virginia in 1993 on primitive haul roads in two clearcut areas on McGowan Mountain, Tucker County, WV were monitored for 3 years to determine their potential use by anurans. Monthly samples (April through September) of water chemistry and amphibian captures were taken to evaluate amphibian use of these pools. Anurans that used the pools to breed were Bufo americanus americanus, Rana sylvatica, Psuedacris brachyphona, and Hyla chrysoscelis. Desmognathus ochrophaeus and Gyrinophilus porphyriticus porphyriticus were also found in ponds but no evidence of breeding was discovered. By 1994, 14 of the 22 pools that held water were used by anurans for reproduction. Species richness of anurans that bred in pools was primarily dependent on pond depth. Man-made small but deep ponds placed carefully such that their hydroperiods are long enough for larvae to complete development (i.e., near seepages) provides breeding habitat for some frogs species, as well as refugia for non-breeding frogs and salamanders in clear-cut areas. Pools constructed at strategic locations on primitive roads have the potential to reduce adverse impacts of timber harvesting on some amphibian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]