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Idebenone, an antioxidant used in treating oxidative damage-related diseases, has unclear neuroprotective mechanisms. Oxidative stress affects cell and mitochondrial membranes, altering Adp-ribosyl cyclase (CD38) and Silent message regulator 3 (SIRT3) protein expression and possibly impacting SIRT3's ability to deacetylate Tumor protein p53 (P53). This study explores the relationship between CD38, SIRT3, and P53 in H2O2-injured HT22 cells treated with Idebenone. Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining after determining appropriate H2O2 and Idebenone concentrations. In this study, Idebenone was found to reduce apoptosis and decrease P53 and Caspase3 expression in H2O2-injured HT22 cells by detecting apoptosis-related protein expression. Through bioinformatics methods, CD38 was identified as the target of Idebenone, and it further demonstrated that Idebenone decreased the expression of CD38 and increased the level of SIRT3. An increased NAD+/NADH ratio was detected, suggesting Idebenone induces SIRT3 expression and protects HT22 cells by decreasing apoptosis-related proteins. Knocking down SIRT3 downregulated acetylated P53 (P53Ac), indicating SIRT3's importance in P53 deacetylation. These results supported that CD38 was used as a target of Idebenone to up-regulate SIRT3 to deacetylate activated P53, thereby protecting HT22 cells from oxidative stress injury. Thus, Idebenone is a drug that may show great potential in protecting against reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced diseases such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. And it might be able to compensate for some of the defects associated with CD38-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their low viscosity, low corrosion risk, and low cost, ultralow-concentration electrolytes for rechargeable alkali-metal-ion batteries have received much research interest. Herein, we report an ultralow-concentration electrolyte (<0.1 M) for K-ion batteries (KIBs). Using the electrolyte with only 0.05 M potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) in ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as an example, we found that KIBs with this ultralow-concentration electrolyte could deliver considerable electrochemical performance over a wide range of temperature (0–60 °C). The delivered specific capacities and cycling performances of KIBs with 0.05 M and 1.0 M electrolytes were almost equivalent when tested at 25 °C and 60 °C. Moreover, when tested at 0 °C, KIBs with 0.05 M electrolyte could even deliver a higher specific capacity and initial coulombic efficiency than those with 1.0 M electrolyte. The formation of a KF inorganic component in the solid electrolyte interphase layer for this ultralow-concentration electrolyte could facilitate the transfer of K+ ions and favor electrode stability. This work sheds light on the development of ultralow-concentration electrolytes for rechargeable alkali-metal-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have advanced the therapeutic landscape for malignant melanoma patients. However, they can cause permanent and irreversible dermatologic immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) that may lead to interruption of ICI treatment or become life‐threatening. To assess the risk of severe dermatologic irAEs (grade 3 or higher) among ICIs for advanced melanoma, we conducted a network meta‐analysis (NMA). Methods: Phase II/III randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) involving ICIs were retrieved from various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. These trials were published from the inception of databases to October 15, 2022. In addition, the risk of severe dermatologic irAEs associated with ICI types and doses was evaluated and compared by NMA. Results: This study included 20 Phase II/III RCTs with a total of 10 575 patients. The results indicated that ICIs carry a higher risk of severe dermatologic irAEs compared to chemotherapy. Additionally, the combinational therapy of Nivolumab + Ipilimumab was associated with a higher risk than ICI monotherapy. Comparatively, the latest treatment option involving dual ICI therapy with Relatlimab + Nivolumab showed a lower toxicity risk, but higher than Ipilimumab alone. Lastly, Nivolumab, at a dose of 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks, was observed as the lowest‐risk dosing regimen for severe dermatologic irAEs in patients with advanced melanoma. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Nivolumab (1 mg/kg) + Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) administered every 3 weeks should be used cautiously in patients with advanced melanoma at high risk for dermatologic irAEs. While we recommend the preferred regimen of Nivolumab (dose = 3 mg/kg, every 2 weeks). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by Liu’s (Sci China Math 66:1199–1216, 2023) recent work. This article reveals the essential features of Hahn polynomials by presenting a new q-exponential operator, that is exp q (t Δ x , a) f (x) = (a x t ; q) ∞ (x t ; q) ∞ ∑ n = 0 ∞ t n (q ; q) n f (q n x) with Δ x , a = x (1 - a) η a + η x and η x { f (x) } = f (q x) . Letting f (x) ≡ 1 and the above operator equation immediately becomes the generating function of Hahn polynomials. These lead us to use a systematic method for studying identities involving Hahn polynomials. As applications, we use the method of the q-exponential operator to prove some new q-identities, including q-Nielsen’s formulas and Carlitz’s extension for the Hahn polynomials, etc. Moreover, a generalization of q-Gauss summation is given, too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a ∈ (0 , 1 / 2 ] and r ∈ (0 , 1) , let μ a (r) and m a (r) be the generalized Grötzsch ring function and generalized Hübner function, respectively. In this paper, the authors mainly study the dependence on the parameter a of μ a (r) and m a (r) , and present several properties of μ a (r) and m a (r) , as functions of a ∈ (0 , 1 / 2 ] for arbitrarily given r ∈ (0 , 1) . The obtained results improve and extend some previously well-known results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Suidae family, warthogs show significant survival adaptability and trait specificity. This study offers a comparative genomic analysis between the warthog and other Suidae species, including the Luchuan pig, Duroc pig, and Red River hog. By integrating the four genomes with sequences from the other four species, we identified 8868 single-copy orthologous genes. Based on 8868 orthologous protein sequences, phylogenetic assessments highlighted divergence timelines and unique evolutionary branches within suid species. Warthogs exist on different evolutionary branches compared to DRCs and LCs, with a divergence time preceding that of DRC and LC. Contraction and expansion analyses of warthog gene families have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of their evolutionary adaptations. Using GO, KEGG, and MGI databases, warthogs showed a preference for expansion in sensory genes and contraction in metabolic genes, underscoring phenotypic diversity and adaptive evolution direction. Associating genes with the QTLdb-pigSS11 database revealed links between gene families and immunity traits. The overlap of olfactory genes in immune-related QTL regions highlighted their importance in evolutionary adaptations. This work highlights the unique evolutionary strategies and adaptive mechanisms of warthogs, guiding future research into the distinct adaptability and disease resistance in pigs, particularly focusing on traits such as resistance to African Swine Fever Virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Chemical fungicides are the mainstay of plant disease control in agricultural production, but there are a very limited number of drugs that can effectively control plant diseases. Two series of secondary amine derivatives were synthesized using the diamine skeleton combined with saturated aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, and their antibacterial and antifungal activities against plant pathogens were determined. In addition, the antimicrobial mechanism of the highly active compound A26 was preliminarily examined against Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo). RESULTS: Compound A26 exhibited the highest antibacterial potency among all the target compounds, with MIC values of 3.12, 3.12 and 12.5 μg mL−1 against Xoo, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri and Pseudomonas sollamacearum, respectively. In addition, compound A26 had powerful curative and protective effects against Xoo at 200 μg mL−1, and was better than the control agent Xinjunan. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that compound A26 reduced the bacterial pathogenicity by targeting cell membranes and inhibiting the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the toxicity of compound A26 to Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells and Human Liver‐7702 was similar to that of Xinjunan, and it had moderate toxicity according to the World Health Organization classification standard of oral exogenous toxicity, with an LD50 of 245.47 mg kg−1. CONCLUSION: Secondary amines have efficient and broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria and are expected to be a new class of candidate compounds for antibacterial drugs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Acupuncture & Tuina Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To identify the main factors associated with early childhood caries by analyzing the risk factors of early childhood caries, thus providing a reference for developing prevention programs to reduce the risk of early childhood caries.Methods: We selected a total of 221 children aged 3– 4 years from two kindergartens in Tongzhou District, Beijing for this study. We conducted oral examination and the caries activity test (Cariostat) on children and their parents / primary caregivers, and the parents / primary caregivers additionally answered a questionnaire survey. Based on the results, we comprehensively evaluated the caries status of children and statistically analyzed the caries-related factors to identify the relevant risk factors.Results: The mean age of children in the study children was 40.08 ± 2.65 months, with a caries prevalence rate of 54.97% and a mean caries value of 4.61. Early childhood caries was correlated with the intake frequency of sugary foods, intake of sugary foods before bedtime, frequency of tooth brushing, oral health knowledge of parents, caries susceptibility, and age of starting to brush teeth. Logistic regression analysis results showed that the intake frequency of sugary foods, oral health knowledge of parents, and caries susceptibility were the factors influencing early childhood caries, especially the intake frequency of sugary foods.Conclusion: The intake frequency of sugary foods, intake of sugary foods before bedtime, frequency of brushing teeth, oral health knowledge of parents, caries susceptibility, and age of starting to brush teeth were associated with early childhood caries. Among these, the intake frequency of sugary foods, oral health knowledge of parents, and caries susceptibility, especially the intake frequency of sugary foods, were the influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transportation sector is under increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decarbonizing its operations. One prominent solution that has emerged is the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). As the electric vehicles market experiences rapid growth, the utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LiB) has become the predominant choice for energy storage. However, it is important to note that lithium-ion battery technology is sensitive to factors, like excessive voltage and temperature. Therefore, the development of an accurate battery model and a reliable state of charge (SOC) estimator is crucial to safeguard against the overcharging and over-discharging of the battery. Numerous studies have been conducted to address lithium-ion battery cell modeling and SOC estimations. These studies have explored variations in the number of RC networks within the model and different estimation methods. However, it is worth mentioning that the capacity of a single lithium-ion battery cell is relatively low and cannot be directly employed in electric vehicles. To meet the total capacity and voltage requirements for electric vehicles, multiple cells are typically connected in series or parallel configurations to form a battery pack. Surprisingly, this aspect has often been overlooked in previous research. To tackle this overlooked challenge, our study introduces a comprehensive battery pack model and an advanced Battery Management System (BMS). We then integrate these components into an electric vehicle model. Subsequently, we simulate the integrated EV-BMS model under the conditions of four different urban driving scenarios to replicate real-world driving conditions. The BMS that we have developed includes an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based SOC estimation system, a mechanism for controlling coolant flow, and a passive cell-balancing algorithm. These components work together to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery pack within the electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current state of research on C02 sequestration and Nano cementing cement is discussed. Leaching action, carbonization action, dissolving action, synergistic action, and cement's anti-corrosion mechanism are the main components of the C02 corrosion mechanism on cement. Currently, there are three approaches to enhance cementing cement's ability to resist C02 corrosion: #properly lower the alkaline content of cementing cement; (Lower the cementing cement's calcium-silicon ratio Ca/Si); Fill the cement's internal and external pores to stop C02 contusive fluid from entering the cement. The effectiveness of the Nano cementing slurry against C02 corrosion is vehemently discussed. The use of nano-modified weel cement for C02 storage was considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The unreasonable use of chemical fungicides causes common adverse consequences that not only affect the environment, but also cause resistance and resurgence problems of plant pathogens, which are extremely harmful to human health, the economy, and the environment. Based on the rich biological activities of boron‐based compounds, 82 phenylboronic acid derivatives were selected and their antifungal activities against six agricultural plant pathogens were determined. Combined with transcriptomics tools, the mechanism of action of compound A49 (2‐chloro‐5‐trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid) against Botrytis cinerea Pers (B. cinerea) was studied. Results: The EC50 values of compounds A24, A25, A30, A31, A36, A41, A49 and B23 against all six fungi were under 10 μg/mL. Compound A49 displayed significant activity against B. cinerea (EC50 = 0.39 μg/mL), which was better than that of commercial fungicide boscalid (EC50 = 0.55 μg/mL). A49 not only inhibited the germination of B. cinerea spores, but also caused abnormal cell morphology, loss of cell membrane integrity, enhanced cell membrane permeability, and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Further findings showed that A49 reduced cellular antioxidant activity, and peroxidase and catalase activities. Transcriptomic results indicated that A49 could degrade intracellular redox processes and alter the metabolism of some amino acids. Meanwhile, A49 showed obvious activity in vivo and low cytotoxicity to mammal cells. Conclusion: The boron‐containing small molecule compounds had high efficiency and broad‐spectrum antifungal activities against six plant pathogens, and are expected to be candidate compounds for a new class of antifungal drugs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Some studies indicated that gender is associated with prognostic of cancer, However, currently the prognostic value of gender for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) survival is unclear. The aim of our study is to reveal the influence of gender on the prognosis of patients with GCA. Patients and methods: A total of 42,345 cases Chinese GCA patients were enrolled from our previously established GCA and esophageal cancer databases. The clinicopathological characteristics were retrieved from medical records in hospital. The follow-up was performed through letter, telephone or home interview. Among GCA patients, there were 32,544 (76.9%) male patients with the median age 62 years (range 17–97) and 9,801 (23.1%) female patients with the median age 61 years (range 17–95 years). The Chi-square test and Kaplan–Meier method were used to compare the continuous variables and survival. Cox proportional hazards model was used for competing risk analyses, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated. Results: Men had shorter GCA-specific survival than women by multivariate analysis (HR 1.114; 95% CI 1.061 to 1.169; P < 0.001). Whether premenopausal, perimenopausal or postmenopausal, the survival of women was better than that of men (premenopausal vs. male, P < 0.001; perimenopausal vs. male, P < 0.001; postmenopausal vs. male, P = 0.035). It was worth noting that in patients with stages I, II, III, and IV, female patients survive longer than male patients (P = 0.049; P = 0.011; P < 0.001; P = 0.044, respectively). Conclusion: Gender is an independent prognostic factor for patients with GCA. In comparison with men, women have a significantly better outcome. Smoking and drinking may be protective factors for male GCA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the complete integral of the second kind E (r) approximated by the weighted Hölder mean. In general, there are two ways to be considered. One is to find the best exponential parameters with a given weight, and the other is to find the optimal weights with a given exponential order. The second method will be used in this paper where we find the sharp weighted Hölder mean bounds for E (r) in a sense of weight. As a result, we also provide a new method to find the optimal Hölder mean bounds for E (r). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The resistance of traditional chemical fungicides to plant pathogenic fungi and the threats to the safety of humans and the environment highlight an urgent need to find safe and efficient alternatives to chemical fungicides. Owing to the wide spectrum of antifungal activities, low persistence and nontoxicity to mammals and aquatic life, essential oils have considerable potential as low‐risk pesticides. In this study, the essential oil and the main components of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui) were extracted, analyzed by GC–MS, and evaluated for their antifungal activities against six plant pathogenic fungi. RESULTS: 3‐butylidenephthalide (3‐BPH) showed the best antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum with an EC50 value of 14.35 μg mL−1. The antifungal mechanistic studies revealed that 3‐BPH induced the generation of endogenous ROS to cause lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane and inhibited the biosynthesis of ergosterol, thereby causing the cell membrane damaged to exert its fungicidal activity. Significantly, 3‐BPH could reduce deoxynivalenol production compared to the control. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the potent fungicidal activity of natural phthalide compound 3‐BPH and highlighted its potential as an alternative agent to control F. graminearum. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 mineralization curing is considered an effective approach to mitigate the impact of the construction industry on global climate change by reacting CO2 with cement-based materials (CBM) (e. g. cement clinker, namely tricalcium silicate, β-dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and its hydration products, namely calcium hydroxide, amorphous calcium silicate hydrates, hydrated aluminate and sulfate phases) to form calcium carbonate mainly composed of calcite and amorphous silica gel with high degree of polymerization, realizing the storage and utilization of CO2. Attributed to the good stability, filling effect and nucleation effect of the resultant products, the mechanical properties and durability of CBM are effectively improved while better performance is anticipated in a relatively short time compared with other curing technologies. In this paper, the reaction mechanisms and latest research progress of CO2 mineral carbonation-cured CBM are reviewed. The effect of influencing factors, such as pre-condition, relative humidity, water binder ratio, CO2 concentration, curing pressure and temperature on the post-mineralization properties, carbon fixation rate and mineralization degree are evaluated. Finally, based on the current research status and existing problems, suggestions and recommendations for a wider application of CO2 mineralization technology in the future are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Ashidan yak is a new breed of hornless yak developed by Chinese scientists, which has an important economic value. However, little is known about the growth of Ashidan yaks. This study analyzed the body weight and body size measurements of 260 female Ashdan yaks and compared the performance of five nonlinear models (Logistic model, Gompertz model, Brody model, von Bertalanffy model and Richards model). Our results showed that the early growth and development of Ashidan yak change with the seasons, and the Richards model performs better among the five models. Understanding animal growth plays an important role in improving animal genetics and breeding. In order to explore the early growth and development law of Ashidan yak, the body weight (BW), wither height (WH), body oblique length (BL) and chest girth (CG) of 260 female Ashidan yaks were measured. These individuals grew under grazing conditions, and growth traits were measured at 6, 12, 18 and 30 months of age. Then the absolute growth and relative growth of Ashidan yak were calculated, and five nonlinear models (Logistic model, Gompertz model, Brody model, von Bertalanffy model and Richards model) were used to fit the growth curve of Ashidan yak. The fitting effect of the model was evaluated according to MSE, AIC and BIC. The results showed that the growth rate of Ashidan yak was the fastest from 12 to 18 months old, and the growth was slow or even stagnant from 6 to 12 months old. The AIC and BIC values of the Richards model were the lowest among the five models, with an AIC value of 4543.98 and a BIC value of 4563.19. The Richards model estimated body weight at 155.642 kg. In summary, the growth rate of female Ashidan yak changes with the seasons, growing faster in warm seasons and slower in cold seasons. Richards model is the best model to describe the growth curve of female Ashidan yak in five nonlinear models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now spread to most countries and regions of the world. Risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) infections in patients with COVID-19 have not been well studied yet. In the present study, we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the MDRO infections and their impact on in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between December 2019 and April 2020 at two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, China. Data of cases were collected through electronic medical records system. This study was focused on cases with bacterial culture records. Risk factors and outcomes associated with MDRO infections were analyzed using logistic regression model. Results: Of the 2891 patients, 370 patients have bacterial culture results, and MDROs were isolated in 38 patients. Respiratory tract infections (67.3%) were the most common hospital acquired infections. Variables independently associated with MDRO infections were dyspnea at admission (odds ratio (OR) 4.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.06-10.88; P < 0.001), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR 5.02; 95% CI 1.99-12.63; P < 0.01), and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 5.13; 95% CI 2.15-12.27; P < 0.001), adjusted for age and gender. MDROs infection was also a significant risk factor of death for the patients, adjusted for age, gender, severity of illness, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.43-2.96, P = 0.817). Conclusion: In our study, dyspnea at admission, ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with the presence of MDRO infections, and clinicians should be alert in MDRO infections in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Yak is the dominant animal species in China's plateau regions. The development of the yak industry is conducive to protecting the ecosystem of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and promoting local economic development. However, the slow growth and development of yak have seriously affected the development of the yak industry. Structural variation (SV) has been widely applied in livestock breeding for growth traits. Therefore, it is of great significance to use SV to improve yak growth traits in yak breeding. Meanwhile, the GHR gene plays an important role in the formation and normal development of bones. This study associated the correlation between the yak GHR SV gene and growth traits and confirmed that GHR-SV can be used as a molecular marker for the early reproduction of yaks. This study provides a theoretical basis for the early growth and development of yaks. The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a member of the cytokine/hematopoietic factor receptor superfamily, which plays an important role in the growth and development, immunity, and metabolism of animals. This study identified a 246 bp deletion variant in the intronic region of the GHR gene, and three genotypes, including type II, type ID, and type DD, were observed. Genotype analysis of structural variation (SV) was performed on 585 individuals from 14 yak breeds, and it was found that 246 bp deletion was present in each breed. The II genotype was dominant in all yak breeds except for SB yak. The association analysis of gene polymorphisms and growth traits in the ASD yak population showed that the 246 bp SV was significantly associated with body length at 6 months (p < 0.05). GHR messenger RNA (mRNA) was expressed in all the tested tissues, with significantly higher levels in the liver, muscle, and fat than in other organs. The results of transcription activity showed that the luciferase activity of the pGL4.10-DD vector was significantly higher than that of the pGL4.10-II vector (p < 0.05). Additionally, the transcription-factor binding prediction results showed that the SV in the runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) transcription-factor binding site may affect the transcriptional activity of the GHR gene, regulating yak growth and development. This study showed that the novel SV of the GHR gene could be used as a candidate molecular marker for the selection of the early growth trait in ASD yak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Iodine-125 (I-125) brachytherapy in a mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer, to further explore the efficacy and appropriate method of implantation of the I-125 radioactive seed. This study also aimed to determine the impact of brachytherapy on bone metabolism. A total of 18 mice were used to establish H1299 xenograft models, and were randomly assigned to three groups. These included non-radioactive seed implantation (Sham IM), fractionated I-125 seed implantation (Fractionated IM) and single I-125 seed implantation (Single IM) groups. Mice were euthanized after 28 days of implantation. H&E staining, Ki67 immunohistochemistry, CD31 morphometric analysis and TUNEL immunofluorescence assays were respectively used to determine the histopathological changes, proliferation, micro-angiogenesis and apoptosis of tumors. In addition, bone volume and microstructure were evaluated using trabecular bone area (Tb.Ar), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and cortical thickness. Bone metabolic status was analyzed using histomorphometric staining of tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in the femur, and using an ELISA assay to determine the expression of C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) and procollagen type 1 n-terminal propeptide (P1NP) in the serum. Moreover, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were carried out for the analysis of bone remodeling-related gene expression in the bone tissue. Results of the present study demonstrated that compared with the Sham IM group, both the I-125 seed implantation groups, including Fractionated IM and Single IM, demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in both tumor volume and weight. More specifically, the most significant therapeutic effects on tumor inhibition were observed in the Fractionated IM group. Results of Ki67 and CD31 immunohistochemical staining suggested a notable reduction in tumor cell proliferation and micro-angiogenesis, and results of the TUNEL assay demonstrated an increase in tumor cell apoptosis. Although the cortical bone appeared thinner and more fragile in both I-125 seed implantation groups, no notable adverse changes in the morphology of the cancellous bone were observed, and the index of Tb.Ar, Tb.Th and Tb.n was not significantly different among Sham IM and I-125 implantation groups. However, alterations in bone metabolism were characterized by a decrease in CTX-1 and P1NP expression, accompanied by an increase in TRAP activity and a decrease in ALP activity. Results of the present study also demonstrated the notable suppression of osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2. I-125 seed implantation may be an effective and safe antitumor strategy. Moreover, the use of fractionated implantation patterns based on tumor shape exhibited improved therapeutic effect on tumor suppression when the total number of I-125 seeds was equivalent along with reduced complications associated with bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure the production of food crops, a series of cryptolepine derivatives were synthesised, after which their antibacterial activities and mechanism of action against three plant pathogens were investigated. Our bioassay results indicated that most of the target compounds displayed potent inhibitory effects against Xanthomonas oryzae (X. oryzae) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (X. axonopodis pv. c.). Remarkably, compound 9 exhibited the best in vitro antibacterial activity against X. oryzae, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.78 μg·mL–1. Compound 2 exhibited the best in vitro antibacterial activity against X. axonopodis pv. c., with an MIC value of 0.39 μg·mL–1. These activities were superior to those of copper quinolate (MIC = 6.25, 25 μg·mL–1) and thiodiazole copper (MIC = 100, 200 μg·mL–1) against X. oryzae and X. axonopodis pv. c. In vivo experiments demonstrated the promising applicability of compound 9 for the control of rice bacterial infections. Furthermore, compound 9 was selected as a candidate to conduct preliminary analyses of the antibacterial mechanisms of cryptolepine derivatives. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations, extracellular polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, transcriptomic, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses, and molecular docking assays were performed. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that compound 9 might act via multifarious mechanisms to down-regulate virulence factors and cause cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing degradable bio-plastics has been considered feasible to lessen marine plastic pollution. However, unanimity is still elusive regarding the actual degradability of bio-plastics such as polylactide (PLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Thus, herein, we studied the degradability of fabrics made from PLA/PHB blends in marine seawater. The dry-mass percentage of the PLA/PHB fabrics decreased progressively from 100% to 85~90% after eight weeks of immersion. Two environmental aging parameters (UV irradiation and aerating) were also confirmed to accelerate the abiotic hydrolysis of the incubated fabrics. The variation in the molecular structure of the PLA/PHB polymers after the degradation process was investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). However, the hydrolysis degradability of bulky PLA/PHB blends, which were used to produce such PLA/PHB fabrics, was negligible under identical conditions. There was no mass loss in these solid PLA/PHB plastics except for a decrease in their tensile strength. Finally, a deep learning artificial neural network model was proposed to model and predict the nonlinear abiotic hydrolysis behavior of PLA/PHB fabrics. The degradability of PLA/PHB fabrics in marine water under the synergistic destructive effects of seawater, UV, and dissolved oxygen provides a pathway for more sustainable textile fibers and apparel products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, college students generally choose courses according to their own interests or understanding of the course, which has a certain subjectivity and blindness. In many cases, students know little about the courses before class, and only rely on the course name to guess the course content, so as to decide whether to take this course. However, the existing studies are mainly aiming at online learning resources which are heterogeneous, these methods cannot be effectively applied to the recommendation of university courses. This paper explores improve collaborative filtering for university application environments, provides a knowledge recommendation algorithm for university elective courses. First, we created individual models of the course and the students based on background information. Next, we use context-based recommendation and "Parent Class Filling" method to reduce the impact of Cold Start and Sparsity problem on the initial stage of the system. Then, recommendations are generated based on the course evaluation model and similarity matrix. We select several commonly used algorithms to achieve the recommendation, and the experimental results proved that the proposed algorithm is accurate and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-haired individuals in the Tianzhu white yak population are a unique genetic resource, and have important landscape value. Copy number variation (CNV) is an important source of phenotypic variation in mammals. In this study, we used resequencing technology to detect the whole genome of 10 long-haired Tianzhu white yaks (LTWY) and 10 normal-haired Tianzhu white yaks (NTWY), and analyzed the differences of CNV in the genome of LTWYs and NTWYs. A total of 110268 CNVs were identified, 2006 CNVRs were defined, and the distribution map of these CNVRs on chromosomes was constructed. The comparison of LTWYs and NTWYs identified 80 differential CNVR-harbored genes, which were enriched in lipid metabolism, cell migration and other functions. Notably, some differential genes were identified as associated with hair growth and hair-follicle development (e.g., ASTN2, ATM, COL22A1, GK5, SLIT3, PM20D1, and SGCZ). In general, we present the first genome-wide analysis of CNV in LTWYs and NTWYs. Our results can provide new insights into the phenotypic variation of different hair lengths in Tianzhu white yaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edge centrality has found wide applications in various aspects. Many edge centrality metrics have been proposed, but the crucial issue that how good the discriminating power of a metric is, with respect to other measures, is still open. In this paper, we address the question about the benchmark of the discriminating power of edge centrality metrics. We first use the automorphism concept to define equivalent edges, based on which we introduce a benchmark for the discriminating power of edge centrality measures and develop a fast approach to compare the discriminating power of different measures. According to the benchmark, for a desirable measure, equivalent edges have identical metric scores, while inequivalent edges possess different scores. However, we show that even in a toy graph, inequivalent edges cannot be discriminated by three existing edge centrality metrics. We then present a novel edge centrality metric called forest centrality (FC). Extensive experiments on real-world networks and model networks indicate that FC has better discriminating power than three existing edge centrality metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytopathogenic fungi infections have become a major threat to reduce crop yields and dampen human health globally. The mycelium growth inhibition method was adopted to evaluate the antifungal activity of commercially available natural and natural‐like phenols, bioassay results showed that most phenolic compounds exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Magnaporthe oryzae. Particularly, compound Z‐5 exhibited an excellent inhibition rate of 100.00 % at 100 μg/mL and EC50 value of 3.20 μg/mL against Fusarium graminearum. In addition, compound Z‐5 displayed the best efficacy and superior fungicidal activity compared to azoxystrobin (EC50=9.78 μg/mL) based on mycelial growth and spore germination. Significantly, compound Z‐5 at 200 μg/mL reduced 4‐deoxynivalenol production by over 98 % compared to the control, through down‐regulation of the gene expression of Tri5 and Tri6. Preliminary mechanism studies revealed that compound Z‐5 might exert its fungicidal activity by inducing accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and causing cell membrane destruction and DNA synthesis interference. This study demonstrated the potent fungicidal activity of the natural‐like phenolic compound Z‐5 and highlighted its potential as an alternative agent to control F. graminearum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic coil launch is an important branch of electromagnetic launch (EML) technology, which is suitable for launching anti-torpedo torpedo (ATT). This paper focuses on the EML parameters and the interception probability of the EML two ATTs salvo. Based on the launching model of a multi-stage coil launcher, the trajectory model of the ATT and the attacking torpedo, a calculation method for the EML two ATTs salvo parameters is proposed, with the conditions of capture and interception given reasonably. An adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm is proposed to calculate the optimal launching parameters, by designing the adaptive inertia weight and time-varying study factors. According to the analysis of the simulation with Monte Carlo method, EML will improve the interception probability effectively, and the interception probability is affected by the launching range. The results demonstrate good performance of the proposed APSO in calculating EML parameters for the two ATTs salvo in certain combat situation. Implications of these results are particular regarding the command and decision in the anti-torpedo combat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious microbial diseases are a major public health hazard, calling for more innovative antimicrobials. Herein, polylactic acid (PLA) oligomers have been explored and reported as a bio-safe and eco-friendly functional antimicrobial agent against pathogens, such as viruses (H1N1, H3N2, and SARS-CoV-2), bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, MRSA), and fungi (C. albicans). The PLA oligomers were prepared by direct catalyst-free condensation polymerization of l-lactic acid monomers and characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The antiviral results demonstrate that PLA oligomers possess robust (inhibiting rate > 99%) and rapid (<20 min) antiviral activity against two pandemic ssRNA viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV) and coronavirus (CoV). Furthermore, the PLA oligomers exhibit high antibacterial activities against both Gram negative (G−) and Gram positive (G+) bacteria. The PLA oligomers also perform efficiently in killing a large amount of C. albicans as high as 105 cfu/mL down to zero at the concentration of 10 mg/mL. Thus, the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity endowed the PLA oligomers with a promising biocidal option, except antibiotics in a wide range of applications, such as medical textiles, food preservation, water disinfection, and personal hygiene, in light of their unique biodegradability and biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The abuse of chemical fungicides not only leads to toxic residues and resistance in plant pathogenic fungi, but also causes environmental pollution and side effects on in humans and animals. Based on the antifungal activities of berberine, seven different types of berberine derivatives (A1–G1) were synthesized, and their antifungal activities against six plant pathogenic fungi were evaluated (Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Magnaporthe oryzae). RESULTS: The results for antifungal activities in vitro showed that berberine derivative E1 displayed good antifungal activity against R. solani with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 1.77 μg ml−1, and berberine derivatives F1 and G1 demonstrated broad‐spectrum antifungal activities with EC50 values ranging from 4.43 to 42.23 μg ml−1 against six plant pathogenic fungi. Berberine derivatives (E2–E29, F2–F18, and G2–G9) were further synthesized to investigate the structure–activity relationship (SAR), and compound E20 displayed significant antifungal activity against R. solani with an EC50 value of 0.065 μg ml−1. Preliminary mechanism studies showed that E20 could cause mycelial shrinkage, cell membrane damage, mitochondrial abnormalities and the accumulation of harmful reactive oxygen species, resulting in cell death in R. solani. Moreover, in vivo experimental results showed that the protective effect of E20 was 97.31% at 5 μg ml−1, which was better than that of the positive control thifluzamide (50.13% at 5 μg ml−1). CONCLUSION: Berberine derivative E20 merits further development as a new drug candidate with selective and excellent antifungal activity against R. solani. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although significant advancement has been made in the study of adipogenesis, knowledge about how chromatin accessibility regulates yak adipogenesis is lacking. We here described genome-wide dynamic chromatin accessibility in preadipocytes and adipocytes by using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), and thus revealed the unique characteristics of open chromatin during yak adipocyte differentiation. The chromatin accessibility of preadipocytes and adipocytes exhibited a similar genomic distribution, displaying a preferential location within the intergenic region, intron, and promoter. The pathway enrichment analysis identified that genes with differential chromatin accessibility were involved in adipogenic metabolism regulation pathways, such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR) signaling pathway, wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway, and extracellular matrix-receptor (ECM–receptor) interaction. Integration of ATAC-seq and mRNA-seq revealed that genes with a high expression were associated with high levels of chromatin accessibility, especially within 1 kb upstream and downstream of the transcription start site. In addition, we identified a series of transcription factors (TFs) related to adipogenesis and created the TF regulatory network, providing the possible interactions between TFs during yak adipogenesis. This study is crucial for advancing the understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of adipogenesis and provides valuable information for understanding the adaptation of plateau species to high-altitude environments by maintaining whole body homeostasis through fat metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Troxerutin is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in nerve impairment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of troxerutin and cerebroprotein hydrolysate injections (TCHis) on prenatal valproic acid (VPA)-exposed rats. The VPA was administered to pregnant rats on gestational day 12.5 to induce a model of autism. The offspring were given the treatment of TCHis on postnatal day (PND) 21-50. On PND 43-50, the behavioral analysis of offspring was performed after the treatment of TCHis for 1 h. On PND 50, the offspring were harvested and the brains were collected. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were isolated for relevant biochemical detections. The administration of TCHis increased pain sensitivity and improved abnormal social behaviors in prenatal VPA-exposed rats. Prenatal exposure of VPA induced neuronal loss and apoptosis, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and promoted oxidative stress in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, whereas these effects were reversed by the postnatal treatment of TCHis. In addition, postnatal administration of TCHis ameliorated mitochondrial function in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of prenatal VPA-exposed rats. This study concluded that postnatal treatment of TCHis reduced oxidative stress and ameliorated abnormal behavior in a prenatal VPA-induced rat model of autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of the organic fertilizers can improve soil properties and agricultural product quality, while the in-depth effect of organic fertilizer needs further exploration. In this study, the apple fruit (Malus pumila Mill.) quality, soil physicochemical characteristics, and microbial community under different fertilizers including control without fertilizer (CK), composted manure (CM), biogas slurry (BS), and chemical fertilizer (CF) were systematically investigated, and each treatment was repeated three times in completely random block plots with equal NPK content of fertilizer applied in each treatment. The CM treated apple fruit were observed with the best vertical diameter (78.72 ± 4.32 mm), transverse diameter (87.51 ± 1.3 mm), and color index (L* = 55.48 ± 5.48, b* = 18.96 ± 1.86). Meanwhile, the CM and BS treated apple fruit had higher flesh firmness than that of CK and CF treatment, implying that the organic fertilization can improve the storability and crispy taste apple fruit. Furthermore, the total sugars, essential amino acid, crude protein, total acids, and soluble solid contents of apple fruit were also significantly improved by using CM and BS fertilizer due to the resulting higher N, P, and organics content in soil. The application of organic fertilizer also dramatically enhanced the bacterial and fungi diversity, which may contribute to better soil respiration. The results obtained in this study reveals the insight effect of organic fertilizer on improvement of fruit quality and soil health and can supply technical assistance to organic cultivation of apple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted many researchers' attention with their remarkable potential despite the fact that the practical implementation requires further improvement in their electric performance. In this work, a novel graphene phase two-dimension material, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), was employed for the development of a TENG material with enhanced features. An electrospun nanofibrous PA66 membrane doped with g-C3N4 was fabricated as a multifunctional TENG for harvesting different kinds of mechanical energy and detecting human motions. By utilizing the innovative 2D material in PA66 solution for electrospinning, the as-made TENG showed a two times enhancement in electrical performance as compared to the control device, and also had the advantages of lightweight, softness, high porosity, and rugged interface properties. The assembled TENG with 4 cm2 could light up 40 light-emitting diodes by gentle hand clapping and power electronic watches or calculators with charging capacitors. At a given impact force of 40 N and 3 Hz, the as-made TENG can generate an open-circuit voltage of 80 V, short current of ±3 µA, charge transfer of 50 nC, and a maximum power density of 45 mW/m2 at a load resistance of 500 MΩ. The UV light sensitivity of TENG was also improved via g-C3N4 doping, showing that charge transfer is very sensitive with a two times enhancement with dopant. For the demonstration of applications, the g-C3N4 doped TENG was fabricated into an energy flag to scavenge wind energy and sensor devices for detecting human motions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: As a domestic animal living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at high altitudes from 2000 to 5000 m, the growth rate of the yak is slow under extremely harsh natural environmental conditions, such as high altitude, low temperatures, and low oxygen. Compared with conventional selection, using molecular markers in breeding to improve yak growth traits is more efficient. Many studies have indicated that CNV mutations can significantly affect the phenotypic traits of livestock and poultry. This study explored the association between the growth traits and CNVs of SOX5 and SOX8 in 326 Ashidan yaks. Our results showed that CNVs and the CNV combination of SOX5 and SOX8 were significantly associated with withers height and chest girth (p < 0.05), suggesting these mutations could be new markers for the selection of yak growth traits. Copy number variation (CNV) is a structural variant with significant impact on genetic diversity. CNV has been widely used in breeding for growth traits, meat production or quality, and coat color. SRY-like box genes (SOXs) are a class of transcription factors that play a regulatory role in cell fate specification and differentiation. SOX5 and SOX8 belong to subgroups D and E of the SOXs, respectively. Previous studies have shown that SOX5 and SOX8 are essential in the development of bones. In this study, we explored the association between the growth traits and CNVs of SOX5 and SOX8 in 326 Ashidan yaks and detected mRNA expression levels in different tissues. Our results illustrated that CNVs of SOX5 and SOX8 were significantly associated with withers height at 18 months of age and chest girth at 30 months of age (p < 0.05). The CNV combination of SOX5 and SOX8 was significantly associated with withers height at 18 months of age (p < 0.01). SOX5 expression in the lung was significantly higher than in the heart, spleen, kidney, and muscle (p < 0.05). SOX8 expression in the lung was significantly higher than in the liver and muscle (p < 0.05). Our results provide evidence that the CNVs of SOX5 and SOX8 genes could be used as new markers for the selection of yak growth traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The burden of cancer-related mortality of common malignancies has been reported worldwide. However, whether bone cancer (BC), as a highly aggressive and heterogeneous group of rare cancers, followed a similar or distinct epidemiological pattern during such process remains largely unknown. We aimed to analyze the mortality and the temporal trends of BC in relation to gender, age, and premature death in Shanghai, China. Methods: We conducted a population-based analysis of the mortality data of BC in Shanghai Pudong New Area (PNA) from 2005 to 2020. The epidemiological characteristics and long-term trends in crude mortality rates (CMRs), age-standardized mortality rates worldwide (ASMRWs), and rate of years of life lost (YLL) was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression program. The demographic and non-demographic factors affecting the mortality rate were evaluated by the decomposition method. Results: There are 519 BC-specific deaths accounting for 0.15% of all 336,823 deaths and 0.49% of cancer-specific death in PNA. The CMR and ASMRW of BC were 1.15/105 person-year and 0.61/105 person-year, respectively. The YLL due to premature death from BC was 6,539.39 years, with the age group of 60–69 years having the highest YLL of 1,440.79 years. The long-term trend of CMR, ASMRW, and YLL rate significantly decreased by −5.14%, −7.64%, and −7.27%, respectively, per year (all p < 0.05) in the past 16 years. However, the proportion of BC-specific death within the total cancer-specific death dropped to a plateau without further improvement since 2016, and a remarkable gender and age disparity was noticed in the observed reduction in mortality. Specifically, the elderly benefited less but accounted for a larger percentage of BC population in the last decades. Although the overall mortality of BC decreased, there was still a significant upward trend toward an increased mortality rate caused by the aging of the BC patients. Conclusion: Our study provides novel insights on the epidemiological characteristics and longitudinal dynamics of BC in a fast urbanization and transitioning city. As a rare disease affecting all ages, the burden of BC among the elderly emerged to form an understudied and unmet medical need in an aging society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Polar Silk Road (PSR) will open up China's maritime trade route through the Arctic to Northwest Europe and affect the freight function structure of China's coastal ports. This study evaluates ports' freight capacity and predicts the freight function structure of China's coastal ports under the PSR from four dimensions, namely, comprehensive/professional, function status, function scale and function hierarchy. The freight function structure is also compared with the current one. Results show that the ports in the Bohai Rim and Yangtze River Delta will have more diversified development and become the main force of the port system under the PSR. Coal will have an important position in most ports' cargo transportation under the PSR. The PSR will bring great economic development opportunities to the northern ports because of the influence of the sea route distance. The port function hierarchy is more obvious under the PSR, and the medium-sized ports are most affected by the PSR. We classify coastal portsaccording to the freight scale and freight function. An adaptive proposal for the government's port function planning is proposed in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine plastic pollution is emerging as a potential hazard to global ecosystems and human health. Micro-fibers derived from synthetic textiles contribute a considerable proportion of plastic debris. Bio-polymers/bio-plastics have been proposed for the application of apparel products, yet their degradability, fate, durability and related environmental parameters are still elusive and need further exploration. Herein, we report the degradation behavior of poly(lactide acid)/poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/PHB) fabrics, made from PLA/PHB multi-filament yarns, in subtropics marine seawater. The degradation experiments were performed under various parallel conditions including static seawater, aerobic seawater in dark box, aerobic seawater under sunlight, static seawater under ultra-violet light and aerobic seawater under ultra-violet light. Continuous mass loss of PLA/PHB fabrics as the immersion time in the seawater increased was confirmed. The hydrolysis rate of PLA/PHB fabrics accelerated in the presence of UV light and dissolved oxygen in the seawater. Moreover, the tensile strength of the PLA/PHB yarns dropped rapidly by 38.54–68.70% in spite of the mass loss percentage being from 9.57% to 14.48% after 2 weeks' immersion. All the PLA/PHB fabrics after two weeks' immersion exhibited similar ATR-IR spectra. Therefore, the degradability of PLA/PHB fabrics, in the marine surface water under the synergistic destructive effect of seawater, UV and dissolved oxygen, provides a pathway for more sustainable textile fibers and apparel products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bifurcation of coal seams is a universal geological structure in coal mines, and the special structure of rock parting intruded into coal can lead to a slip of discontinuities and shear failure, and even rockbursts due to the existence of discontinuities. Lateral confining stress unloading with axial loading tests was conducted on a coal–rock parting–coal structure (CRCS) to reproduce and simulate the stress conditions of increasing vertical stress and decreasing horizontal stress, similar to mining destressed effects. The stress and deformation of CRCS were comprehensively analyzed during slip and fracture. The precursors of shear slip and macrofracture were proposed based on the variations in the spectral distribution, cumulative apparent volume (CAV), and the energy index of acoustic emission (AE). Before and after advancing through the bifurcation area of the 5310 working face of the Zhaolou coal mine, the Microseismic (MS) observations were analyzed, confirming the experimental results. It was observed that a sharp decline in the energy index, a sharp rise in the CAV, and an increase in MS at a low frequency and high amplitude are the portents of rockbursts induced by slip and fracture of CRCS. Through field investigations of the 5310 working face, three stages was observed before and after the slip of the discontinuities, namely, stress accumulation (July–September), stress release (September–November), and stress redistribution and equilibrium (November–December). This study is relevant for understanding the mechanisms and precursors of rockbursts caused by the dynamic instability of the CRCS in coal mines. Highlights: The interfaces between coal and rock parting are liable to stress concentration and slip. The increasing CAV with a sudden drop of energy index can be regarded as a precursor of CRCS slip. Stress accumulation, release, and redistribution and equilibrium is found during CRCS slip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An asymmetric synthesis of 14-methyl-1-octadecene, the sex pheromone of the peach leafminer moth, has been achieved efficiently. From a key intermediate (R)-4-(benzyloxy)-2-methylbutan-1-ol and 1,11-undecanediol, the target molecule was synthesized in 10 linear steps with 34% yield. The key intermediate (R)-4-benzyloxy-2-methylbutan-1-ol was prepared through Evans′ template (R)-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone, namely (R)-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone in 98% e.e. 1,11-Undecanediol was selectively benzylated, iodinated, and then transformed into a phosphonium salt. After a Wittig reaction, the carbon skeleton was constructed. After the requisite functional group interconversions, the (S)-14-methyl-1-octadecene was smoothly obtained. The characteristic of our synthesis lies in that it is a chiral-pool strategy and a very convenient chemical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the unique characteristics, electromagnetic launch technology is applicable to launch shipborne anti-torpedo torpedo(ATT). This paper aims to establish an analytic model to pre-evaluate the capture probability of the electromagnetic launched ATT. The mathematics model of the multi-stage coilgun and the trajectory of the ATT is established for analysis. The influence factors of the capture probability are analyzed respectively, including the entry point dispersion of the ATT and the position dispersion of the incoming torpedo. Adopting the advanced angle interception mode, the ATT search model is obtained according to the positional relationship, and the course error is synthetically calculated according to the differentiation of implicit function. A geometric method to calculate the integral boundaries of the probability density function is proposed, based on the relative motion of the ATT and the incoming target. To verify the proposed integral model, the digital simulation and comparison is conducted. The results reveal that the variation trends and the calculation value of the proposed analytic model are coincident with the statistic results from Monte Carlo method. And implications of the results regarding the analytic model are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]