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Purpose: This paper aims to control the deformation of a thin wall CrZrCu cylinder components (wall thickness 5 mm, diameter 400 mm) during thermal spray alumina-titania (AT13) coating by adjusting the spray parameters without deteriorating its quality evidently. Design/methodology/approach: The deformation was controlled by lowering the temperature of the component in the way of adjusting the spray parameters. The main parameters adjust included extending the spraying distance, from normally 120 mm to 140 mm, decreasing plasma power from 50to 42 kW. An alumina-titanium (AT13) ceramic coating was chosen for protecting the substrate from corrosion. Microscopic morphology and phase analysis, insulation resistance testing, neutral salt test and electrochemical method were used to analyze the anti-corrosion and insulation performances of the coating. Findings: The results indicate that, after adjusting the spraying parameters, the coating has a relatively high porosity, with an average value of 8.96 ± 0.77%. The bonding strength of the coating is relatively low, with an average value of 17.69 ± 0.85 MPa. However, after sealing, the polarization resistance of the coating in seawater can be maintained above 6.25 × 106 Ω.cm2 for an extended period. The coating has a high resistance (=1.1 M Ω), and there is no apparent galvanic corrosion when contacted with TC4 alloy. Additionally, analysis of corrosion products on the sample surface reveals that the samples with sprayed alumina-titanium ceramic show no copper corrosion products on the surface, and the coating remains intact, effectively isolating the corrosive medium. Originality/value: By adjusting the spraying parameters, the deformation of the cylinder thin-walled component can be effectively controlled, making the φ 400 × 392 mm (thickness 5 mm) CrZrCu cylinder com-ponent with a maximum diameter deformation of only 0.14 mm. The satisfactory corrosion performances can be achieved under adjusting spraying parameters, which can guarantee the application of ceramic coating for weapon launching system of naval ships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bone metastasis from prostate cancer severely impacts patient outcomes and quality of life. Anoikis, a form of programmed cell death triggered by the loss of cell-matrix interactions, plays a critical role in cancer progression. However, its precise relationship with prostate cancer-induced bone metastasis remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate this relationship, focusing on anoikis-related gene signatures, molecular pathways, and therapeutic implications. Methods: We used the TCGA-PRAD dataset for training, with MSKCC and GSE70769 as validation cohorts. To evaluate immunotherapy efficacy, we examined IMvigor 210 and GSE91016 datasets, and GSE137829 provided single-cell insights into prostate cancer. Specific anoikis-related genes (ARGs) were identified, and Random Survival Forest analysis and multivariate Cox regression were employed to develop anoikis-linked features. The ‘clustanoikisProfilanoikis’ and ‘GSEA’ packages were used to explore potential ARG-related pathways. Results: Analyzing 553 samples from TCGA, 231 from MSKCC, 94 from GSE70769, and single-cell data from 6 prostate cancer patients (GSE137829), we constructed a prognostic model based on 9 ARGs. GSVA revealed upregulation of carcinogenic pathways, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, E2F targets, and angiogenesis, with downregulation of metabolic pathways. Significant differences in somatic mutations were observed between cohorts, with a positive correlation between anoikis scores and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Immune landscape analysis suggested high-risk patients might benefit more from chemotherapy than immunotherapy based on their risk score. Single-cell analysis indicated overactivation of carcinogenic pathways in the high anoikis score group. Conclusion: This study elucidates the complex interplay between anoikis and bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Our findings highlight the critical role of anoikis in metastatic progression, enhancing the understanding of key biomarkers and molecular dynamics. The identified anoikis-related gene signatures and disrupted pathways offer promising avenues for predictive and therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient protocol was developed for the synthesis of fructone spice from the ketalization of ethyl acetoacetate with ethylene glycol utilizing the sulfonated polydivinylbenzene (PDVB-SO3H) solid acid catalyst. A comparative analysis revealed that PDVB-SO3H exhibited better catalytic activity and reusability than conventional H2SO4 and p-toluene sulfonic acid. The impact of reaction conditions, including temperature, reaction time, catalyst dosage, and molar ratio of reactants, was extensively investigated in order to optimize the reaction parameters. The results revealed the remarkable catalytic efficiency of PDVB-SO3H in synthesizing apple ester flavor, achieving a conversion rate exceeding 99% under reflux conditions with a ketone to alcohol ratio of 1.5. Furthermore, PDVB-SO3H solid acid demonstrated its versatility by enhancing the synthesis of a variety of fruit ketone flavors with high conversion rates. Notably, the catalyst displayed excellent recyclability, remaining active for up to six cycles without any noticeable decline in performance. Therefore, PDVB-SO3H solid acid exhibits immense potential for utilization in the chemical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites belonging to the polyphenol class of natural water-soluble phytopigments. The accumulation of anthocyanins in different plant tissues can improve plant survival under adverse conditions. In addition, plants with the resulting colorful morphology can be utilized as landscape plants. Triticum boeoticum (syn. Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides, 2n=2x=14, AbAb) serves as a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of its close relative common wheat in terms of enhancing resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In our previous study, the EMSmutagenized mutant Z2921 with a red glume, stem, and rachis was generated from T. boeoticum G52, which has a green glume, stem, and rachis. In this study, the F1, F2, and F2:3 generations of a cross between mutant-type Z2921 and wildtype G52 were developed. A single recessive gene, tentatively designated RgM4G52, was identified in Z2921 via genetic analysis. Using bulked segregant exome capture sequencing (BSE-Seq) analysis, RgM4G52 was mapped to chromosome 6AL and was flanked by the markers KASP-58 and KASP-26 within a 3.40-cM genetic interval corresponding to 1.71-Mb and 1.61-Mb physical regions in the Chinese Spring (IWGSC RefSeq v1.1) and Triticum boeoticum (TA299) reference genomes, respectively, in which seven and four genes related to anthocyanin synthesis development were annotated. Unlike previously reported color morphology-related genes, RgM4G52 is a recessive gene that can simultaneously control the color of glumes, stems, and rachis in wild einkorn. In addition, a synthetic Triticum dicoccum-T. boeoticum amphiploid Syn-ABAb-34, derived from the colchicine treatment of F1 hybrids between tetraploid wheat PI 352367 (T. dicoccum, AABB) and Z2921, expressed the red stems of Z2921. The flanking markers of RgM4G52 developed in this study could be useful for developing additional common wheat lines with red stems, laying the foundation for marker-assisted breeding and the fine mapping of RgM4G52. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the mathematical and statistical performances and connections of the two well-known ordinary least-squares estimators (OLSEs) and best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) of unknown parameter matrices in the context of a multivariate general linear model (MGLM) for regression, both of which are defined under two different optimality criteria. Tian and Zhang [38] once collected a series of existing and novel identifying conditions for OLSEs to be BLUEs under general linear models: On connections among OLSEs and BLUEs of whole and partial parameters under a general linear model, Stat. Probabil. Lett., 112 (2016), 105–112. In this paper, we show how to extend this kind of results to multivariate general linear models. We shall give a direct algebraic procedure to derive explicit formulas for calculating the OLSEs and BLUEs of parameter spaces in a given MGLM, discuss the relationships between OLSEs and BLUEs of parameter matrices in the MGLM, establish many algebraic equalities related to the equivalence of OLSEs and BLUEs, and give various intrinsic statistical interpretations about the equivalence of OLSEs and BLUEs of parameter matrices in a given MGLM using some matrix analysis tools concerning ranks, ranges, and generalized inverses of matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our recently developed Coronary Artery Tree description and Lesion EvaluaTion (CatLet) angiographic scoring system is unique in its description of the variability in the coronary anatomy, the degree of stenosis of a diseased coronary artery, and its subtended myocardial territory, and can be utilized to predict clinical outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presenting ≤12 h after symptom onset. The current study aimed to assess whether the Clinical CatLet score (CCS), as compared with CatLet score (CS), better predicted clinical outcomes for AMI patients presenting >12 h after symptom onset. Methods: CS was calculated in 1018 consecutive AMI patients enrolled in a retrospective registry. CCS was calculated by multiplying CS by the ACE F I score (age, creatinine, and left ventricular ejection fraction). Primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE s) at 4-year-follow-up, a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization. Results: Over a 4-year follow-up period, both scores were independent predictors of clinical outcomes after adjustment for a broad spectrum of risk factors. Areas-under-the-curve (AUCs) for CS and CCS were 0.72(0.68-0.75) and 0.75(0.71-0.78) for MACE s; 0.68(0.63-0.73) and 0.78(0.74-0.83) for all-cause death; 0.73(0.68-0.79) and 0.83(0.79-0.88) for cardiac death; and 0.69(0.64-0.73) and 0.75(0.7-0.79) for myocardial infarction; and 0.66(0.61-0.7) and 0.63(0.58-0.68) for revascularization, respectively. CCS performed better than CS in terms of the above-mentioned outcome predictions, as confirmed by the net reclassification and integrated discrimination indices. Conclusions: CCS was better than CS to be able to risk-stratify long-term outcomes in AMI patients presenting >12 h after symptom onset. These findings have indicated that both anatomic and clinical variables should be considered in decision-making on management of patients with AMI presenting later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly enantioselective Pd/Bim-catalyzed dearomative Michael reaction applying polycyclic tropones as non-benzenoid aromatic Michael acceptors and arylboronic acids as aryl pronucleophiles has been developed. The bridged biaryls bearing central and axial chirality, including pentacyclic cyclohepta[b]indoles and 6,7-dihydrodibenzo- [a,c][7]annulen-5-ones, are generally generated in good to high yields and excellent enantioselectivities and can be readily transformed into useful derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A palladium/chiral N,N'-disulfonyl bisimidazoline (Bim)-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione-derived ketimines is reported, leading to the generation of a series of functionalized isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones bearing one quaternary carbon-amino functionality in good to excellent yields with ≥95% ee in most cases. The reaction has remarkable compatibility with both substrate scopes, providing a highly enantioselective entry to chiral heterocyclic a-tertiary amines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We aimed to comprehensively investigate the causal relationship between 731 immune cell traits and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and to identify and quantify the role of 1400 metabolic traits as potential mediators in between. Methods: Using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) we performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of genetically predicted AIT and 731 immune cell traits. Furthermore, we used a two-step MR analysis to quantify the proportion of the total effects (that the immune cells exerted on the risk of AIT) mediated by potential metabolites. Results: We identified 24 immune cell traits (with odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.3166 6 to 0.6323) and 10 metabolic traits (with OR ranging from 1.7954 to 0.6158) to be causally associated with AIT, respectively. Five immune cell traits (including CD38 on IgD+ CD24-, CD28 on CD28+ CD45RA+ CD8br, HLA DR+ CD4+ AC, TD CD4+ %CD4+, and CD8 on EM CD8br) were found to be associated with the risk of AIT, which were partially mediated by metabolites (including glycolithocholate sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol disulfate, arachidonoylcholine, X-15486, and kynurenine). The proportion of genetically predicted AIT mediated by the identified metabolites could range from 5.58% to 17.7%. Discussion: Our study identified causal associations between AIT and immune cells which were partially mediated by metabolites, thus providing guidance for future clinical and basic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In oligotrophic oceans, primary productivity is widely limited by nitrogen bioavailability. The broadly distributed and abundant nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium plays an important role in the oceanic nitrogen and carbon cycles by providing a "new" source of nitrogen to many non-diazotrophic microbes, thereby driving new primary production in the ocean. However, the underlying process and mechanism of nitrogen supply from Trichodesmium to other phytoplankton remain unclear. Here, our results demonstrated that the fixed nitrogen released by Trichodesmium could sustain the growth of a non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, including a mutant strain (Mut-ureA) that cannot use urea. However, the growth rate of Mut-ureA was approximately 20% lower than that of the wild strain when Trichodesmium filtrate was used for nitrogen supply. This result was consistent with the composition of the Trichodesmium exudate, in which urea comprised more than 20% of the total fixed nitrogen that was released. It is evident from the experiments that a fraction of the Trichodesmium-derived nitrogen was not available to Mut-ureA. Our results suggested that Trichodesmium produces dissolved organic nitrogen, especially a certain amount of urea as a "new" nitrogen source, benefiting in particular populations of surrounding phytoplankton species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface reconstruction determines the fate of catalytic sites on the near-surface during the oxygen evolution reaction. However, deciphering the conversion mechanism of various intermediate-states during surface reconstruction remains a challenge. Herein, we employed an optical imaging technique to draw the landscape of dynamic surface reconstruction on individual Co3O4 nanoparticles. By regulating the surface states of Co3O4 nanoparticles, we explored dynamic growth of the CoOx(OH)y sublayer on single Co3O4 nanoparticles and directly identified the conversion between two dynamics. Rich oxygen vacancies induced more active sites on the surface and prolonged surface reconstruction, which enhanced electrochemical redox and oxygen evolution. These results were further verified by in situ electrochemical extinction spectroscopy of single Co3O4 nanoparticles. We elucidate the heterogeneous evolution of surface reconstruction on individual Co3O4 nanoparticles and present a unique perspective to understand the fate of catalytic species on the nanosurface, which is of enduring significance for investigating the heterogeneity of multielectron-transfer events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To investigate the burden of blindness and vision loss (BVL) in China over the past 30 years according to year, age and sex, and to estimate future predictions. Methods We analysed the years lived with disability (YLDs), number of cases, age-standardised YLD rates (ASYRs) and age-standardised prevalence rates (ASPRs) of BVL in China from 1990 to 2019. We focused on changes over time using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). Additionally, we used the Bayesian age-period-cohort model to predict the BVL burden from 2020 to 2030. Results The number of YLDs and prevalent cases due to BVL increased from 2.57 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 1.74 to 3.72) and 90.76 million (95% UI 72.21 to 111.92) in 1990 to 5.42 (95% UI 3.61 to 8.02) and 211.67 million (95% UI 168.21 to 259.66) in 2019, respectively. The BVL ASYRs and ASPRs showed a decreasing trend, with EAPCs of -0.13 (95% CI -0.28 to 0.02) and -0.11 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.04), respectively. The elderly and female populations had a higher BVL burden. The numbers of YLDs and cases due to BVL are projected to continue rising to 7.74 and 279.49 million in 2030, respectively. The ASYRs and ASPRs also showed increasing trends. Conclusion While rates of BVL in China have decreased, there has been a notable increase in the number of YLDs and new cases over the past 30 years. Projections suggest that the burden of BVL will continue to rise over the next 11 years. To address this challenge, appropriate policies must be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) are considered pre-invasive forms of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with a 5- year recurrence-free survival of 100%. We investigated genomic profiles in early tumorigenesis and distinguished mutational features of preinvasive to invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) for early diagnosis. Methods: Molecular information was obtained from a 689-gene panel in the 90 early-stage LUAD Chinese patients using next-generation sequencing. Gene signatures were identified between pathology subtypes, including AIS/MIA (n=31) and IAC (n=59) in this cohort. Mutational and clinicopathological information was also obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as a comparison cohort. Results: A higher mutation frequency of TP53, RBM10, MUC1, CSMD, MED1, LRP1B, GLI1, MAP3K, and RYR2 was observed in the IAC than in the AIS/MIA group. The AIS/MIA group showed higher mutation frequencies of ERBB2, BRAF, GRIN2A, and RB1. Comparable mutation rates for mutually exclusive genes (EGFR and KRAS) across cohorts highlight the critical transition to invasive LUAD. Compared with the TCGA cohort, EGFR, KRAS, TP53, and RBM10 were frequently mutated in both cohorts. Despite limited gene mutation overlap between cohorts, we observed variant mutation types in invasive LUAD. Additionally, the tumor mutation burden (TMB) values were significantly lower in the AIS/MIA group than in the IAC group in both the Chinese cohort (P=0.0053) and TCGA cohort (P<0.01). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing preinvasive from invasive LUAD in the early stages of LUAD and both pathology and molecular features in clinical practice, revealing genomic tumor heterogeneity and population differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) are considered pre-invasive forms of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with a 5-year recurrence-free survival of 100%. We investigated genomic profiles in early tumorigenesis and distinguished mutational features of preinvasive to invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) for early diagnosis. Methods: Molecular information was obtained from a 689-gene panel in the 90 early-stage LUAD Chinese patients using next-generation sequencing. Gene signatures were identified between pathology subtypes, including AIS/MIA (n=31) and IAC (n=59) in this cohort. Mutational and clinicopathological information was also obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as a comparison cohort. Results: A higher mutation frequency of TP53, RBM10, MUC1, CSMD, MED1, LRP1B, GLI1, MAP3K, and RYR2 was observed in the IAC than in the AIS/MIA group. The AIS/MIA group showed higher mutation frequencies of ERBB2, BRAF, GRIN2A, and RB1. Comparable mutation rates for mutually exclusive genes (EGFR and KRAS) across cohorts highlight the critical transition to invasive LUAD. Compared with the TCGA cohort, EGFR, KRAS, TP53, and RBM10 were frequently mutated in both cohorts. Despite limited gene mutation overlap between cohorts, we observed variant mutation types in invasive LUAD. Additionally, the tumor mutation burden (TMB) values were significantly lower in the AIS/MIA group than in the IAC group in both the Chinese cohort (P=0.0053) and TCGA cohort (P<0.01). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing preinvasive from invasive LUAD in the early stages of LUAD and both pathology and molecular features in clinical practice, revealing genomic tumor heterogeneity and population differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PGC1a, a central player in mitochondrial biology, holds a complex role in the metabolic shifts seen in cancer cells. While its dysregulation is common across major cancers, its impact varies. In some cases, downregulation promotes aerobic glycolysis and progression, whereas in others, overexpression escalates respiration and aggression. PGC1a's interactions with distinct signaling pathways and transcription factors further diversify its roles, often in a tissue-specific manner. Understanding these multifaceted functions could unlock innovative therapeutic strategies. However, challenges exist in managing the metabolic adaptability of cancer cells and refining PGC1a-targeted approaches. This review aims to collate and present the current knowledge on the expression patterns, regulators, binding partners, and roles of PGC1a in diverse cancers. We examined PGC1a's tissue-specific functions and elucidated its dual nature as both a potential tumor suppressor and an oncogenic collaborator. In cancers where PGC1a is tumor-suppressive, reinstating its levels could halt cell proliferation and invasion, and make the cells more receptive to chemotherapy. In cancers where the opposite is true, halting PGC1a's upregulation can be beneficial as it promotes oxidative phosphorylation, allows cancer cells to adapt to stress, and promotes a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Thus, to target PGC1a effectively, understanding its nuanced role in each cancer subtype is indispensable. This can pave the way for significant strides in the field of oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of the unprecedented public health crisis caused by the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, front-line health workers are under enormous mental pressure. This paper aims to explore the mental health challenges faced by front-line health workers in the early stages of a public health emergency, such as stress, anxiety, and depression. At the same time, the factors that increase their mental stress are analyzed, and practical measures are put forward to prevent and manage mental health problems, aiming at improving the quality of medical treatment during public health emergencies. This paper has some reference value for people engaged in mental health prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intra-speciic variation is the main source of functional trait diversity and has similar ecological effects as inter-speciic variation. Methods: We studied 79 species and 3546 individuals from 50 ixed monitoring plots in subtropical evergreen broad - leaved secondary forests in Zhejiang Province, China. Using trait gradient analysis, we examined nine traits (speciic leaf area, leaf dry matter content, wood density, leaf area, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content, leaf potassium content, and nitrogen-phosphorus ratio) by decomposing species functional traits into alpha (within-community) and beta (among-communities) measure the impact of environmental gradients and the presence of other species on the variation of traits. Result: All nine functional traits showed some degree of differentiation in the forest communities, with a greater range of variation in alpha values than in beta values. Correlations were signiicantly different between the trait differences in the communities. The alpha values of each trait showed a higher correlation with other components than the beta values. The factors affecting intra-speciic trait variation were relatively complex. The alpha component had a more signiicant and stronger effect on intra-speciic trait variation compared to the beta component. Abiotic factors, such as soil nutrient content, soil nitrogenphosphorus content, directly affected the beta component. In contrast, biotic factors, such as tree height variation, had a direct and stronger effect on the alpha component. Discussion: Our results demonstrate that alpha and beta components, as independent differentiation axes among coexisting species, have different sensitivities to different environmental factors and traits in different ecological strategies and spatial scales. Trait gradient analysis can more clearly reveal the variation patterns of species traits in communities, which will help to understand the scale effects and potential mechanisms of trait relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low molecular aromatic compounds are detrimental to the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. However, the specific role of their functional groups remains unclear. Here, a series of nine aromatic compounds as additives were tested to understand their effect on the hydrolysis yield of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and alkaline pretreated wheat straw. Based on the results, the inhibition of aldehyde groups on MCC was greater than that of carboxyl groups, whereas for the alkaline pretreated wheat straw case, the inhibitory effect of aldehyde groups was lower than that of carboxyl groups. Increased methoxyl groups of aromatic compounds reduced the inhibitory effect on enzymatic hydrolysis of both substrates. Stronger inhibition of aromatic compounds on MCC hydrolysis was detected in comparison with the alkaline pretreated wheat straw, indicating that the substrate lignin can offset the inhibition to a certain extent. Among all aromatic compounds, syringaldehyde with one aldehyde group and two methoxyl groups improved the glucan conversion of the alkaline pretreated wheat straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the vulnerability of 1,1'-dihydroxy-5,5'-bistetrazole dihydroxylamine salt (HATO) based explosives, a comparative study of the bullet impact vulnerable characteristics of HATO-based explosives and HMX-based explosives were carried out by using the 12.7 mm bullet impact test method of the 700-group of the Military Mixed Explosives Formulation and Performance Test Methods. The results of the study indicate that due to the friction and impact sensitivities of the HATO and the HMX explosives are similar, and the bullet impact response degree and the safety performance of the HATO-based explosives and HMX-based explosives is equivalent too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1) causes a wide variety of diseases in wild and domestic cattle. The most widely used method for viral identification is realtime PCR, which can only be performed in laboratories using sophisticated instruments by expert personnel. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive timeresolved fluorescence lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (ICS) assay for detecting BoHV-1 in bovine samples using a monoclonal antibody against BoHV-1 labelled with fluorescent microspheres, which can be applied in any setting. The intact process from sample collection to final result can be achieved in 15 min. The limit of detection of the assay for BoHV-1 was 10² TCID50/100 μL. The coincidence rate of the ICS method and real-time PCR recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) was 100% for negative, 92.30% for positive, and 95.42% for total, as evaluated by the detection of 131 clinical samples. This detection method was specifically targeted to BoHV-1, not exhibiting cross-reactivity with other bovine pathogens including BoHV-5. We developed an ICS assay equipped with a portable instrument that offers a sensitive and specific platform for the rapid and reliable detection of BoHV-1 in the field. The Point-of-Care test of BoHV-1 is suitable for the screening and surveillance of BoHV-1 in dairy herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), has invaded most Afro-Eurasian countries. Since its first detection in China in late 2017, this pest has been now present in nearly 20 provinces/prefectures in China and is threating tomato and other Solanaceous crops such as potato, eggplant, and tobacco. Here, we provide a timely review on the current distribution, damage, management, and research in China. A standard survey form was designed and 30 answered surveys from 25 provinces have been received. The data showed that the damage has been witnessed in most of the regions despite that the severities vary among the regions. The management is chemicalcontrol biased, and more efforts are needed to increase the adoption of non-chemical alternatives in the Integrated Pest Management packages. An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) package called "CAMEFA" was developed and demonstrated in Yunnan and Xinjiang, the two earliest regions for the invasion. Yet, the adoption by local growers is still limited. Besides T. absoluta, we suggest a multi-pest approach by combining IPM tactics coping with other major insect pests sharing the crop. Lastly, international projects are deemed to serve as key lever for promoting IPM of T. absoluta and other invasive insect pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep generative models have made great progress in synthesizing images with arbitrary human poses and transferring the poses of one person to others. Though many different methods have been proposed to generate images with high visual fidelity, the main challenge remains and comes from two fundamental issues: pose ambiguity and appearance inconsistency. To alleviate the current limitations and improve the quality of the synthesized images, we propose a pose transfer network with augmented Disentangled Feature Consistency (DFC-Net) to facilitate human pose transfer. Given a pair of images containing the source and target person, DFC-Net extracts pose and static information from the source and target respectively, then synthesizes an image of the target person with the desired pose from the source. Moreover, DFC-Net leverages disentangled feature consistency losses in the adversarial training to strengthen the transfer coherence and integrates a keypoint amplifier to enhance the pose feature extraction. With the help of the disentangled feature consistency losses, we further propose a novel data augmentation scheme that introduces unpaired support data with the augmented consistency constraints to improve the generality and robustness of DFC-Net. Extensive experimental results on Mixamo-Pose and EDN-10k have demonstrated DFC-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance on pose transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic activities contribute primarily to the toxic vanadium presence in the surface environment, but quantitative assessment of its emissions from anthropogenic sources to various environmental receptors is still lacking. This study has developed nationwide vanadium emission inventory in China during 2015-2019, covering five major anthropogenic sources, including coal combustion, stationary oil burning, transportation, industrial production, and waste handling. Cumulative emission flux modelling has shown that 211094 t, 3725 t, and 0.1 t of vanadium were discharged into atmosphere, soil and water during this period. Coal combustion and stationary source of oil burning are the largest vanadium contributors, accounting for 47.5% and 39.6% of emission inventory. Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Guangdong and Hunan are among the largest provincial emitters. Emissions pertinent to raw coal combustion mainly increase by 719 t and 316 t in the provinces of North China and Northwestern China, respectively. Vanadium output pertinent to steelmaking constitutes 88.2% emission in industrial production, and continued to increase in all regions. Emissions induced by vanadium mining shows remarkable spatial heterogeneity, with 66.1% output determined in Southwestern China. Emissions pertinent to raw coal and coke combustion was the main source of uncertainty for the inventory development, resulting in output uncertainty ranging from - 47.5% to 63.7% and -49.4% to 53.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is an irreversible retinal choroidal disease. Individuals with PCV exhibit diverse baseline characteristics, including systemic characteristics, ocular traits, metabolic factor levels, and different responses to intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. This study aims to investigate the pathogenesis of PCV by analyzing the systemic characteristics, ocular traits, and cytokine levels at baseline within a cohort of patients who exhibit different responses to anti-VEGF treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 80 eyes diagnosed with PCV. Patients were categorized into two groups based on responses to suboptimal intravitreal ranibizumab injection therapy: those with suboptimal responses and optimal responses. Aqueous humor samples were collected from the experimental eyes, and cytokine expression levels were assessed using cytometric bead array analysis. All subjects were further stratified into two groups according to the median choroidal thickness. Subsequently, logistic regression analysis and the ROC curve were employed to examine the relationship between cytokine expression levels, choroidal thickness, and anti-VEGF response. Results: The results revealed that compared to the group of optimal anti-VEGF response, the choroid in the suboptimal response group exhibited a significantly greater thickness. Additionally, compared to the suboptimal anti-VEGF response group, the expression levels of VEGF and VCAM-1 were markedly lower observed in the optimal anti-VEGF response group, while TNF-a showed the opposite trend. Logistic regression analysis indicated that VEGF, VCAM-1, and TNF-a in the aqueous humor were independent risk factors for a suboptimal anti-VEGF response. After adjusting other risk factors, the risk of suboptimal anti-VEGF response decreased to 0.998-fold, 0.997-fold, and 1.294-fold. The AUC values for VEGF, VCAM-1, and TNF-a were determined to be 0.805, 0.846, and 0.897, respectively. Furthermore, the risk of VEGF, VCAM-1, and TNF-a were significantly associated with an increased risk of suboptimal anti-VEGF response after correction for risk factors in the thick choroid group. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that PCV exhibits systemic and ocular characteristics variations based on different anti-VEGF responses. The levels of cytokines in aqueous humor were found to have a significant correlation with the anti-VEGF response in PCV. VEGF, VCAM-1, and TNF-a are potential targets for assessing treatment response in thick choroidal PCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the relationships between best linear minimum biased predictors (BLMBPs) in the context of a general linear model (GLM) and its transformed general linear models (TGLMs). We shall establish a mathematical procedure by means of some exact and analytical tools in matrix theory that were developed in recent years. The coverage includes constructing a general vector composed of all unknown parameters in the context of a GLM and its TGLMs, deriving the exact expressions of the BLMBPs through the technical use of analytical solutions of a constrained quadratic matrix-valued function optimization problem in the Lowner partial ordering, and discussing a variety of theoretical performances and properties of the BLMBPs. We also give a series of characterizations of relationships between BLMBPs under a given GLM and its TGLMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triticum boeoticum Boiss. (AbAb, 2n = 2x = 14) is a wheat-related species with the blue aleurone trait. In this study, 18 synthetic Triticum turgidum-Triticum boeoticum amphiploids were identified, which were derived from crosses between T. boeoticum and T. turgidum. Three probes (Oligo-pTa535, Oligo-pSc119.2, and Oligo-pTa713) for multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH) were combined with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) to identify chromosomal composition. Seven nutritional indices (anthocyanins, protein, total essential amino acids TEAA, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) were measured, and the nutritional components of 18 synthetic amphiploids were comprehensively ranked by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that all three synthetic amphiploids used for cytological identification contained 42 chromosomes, including 14 A, 14 B, and 14 Ab chromosomes. The average anthocyanin content was 82.830 μg/g to 207.606 μg/g in the whole meal of the 17 blue-grained lines (Syn-ABAb-1 to Syn-ABAb-17), which was obviously higher than that in the yellow-grained line Syn-ABAb-18 (6.346 μg/g). The crude protein content was between 154.406 and 180.517 g/kg, and the EAA content was 40.193-63.558 mg/g. The Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu levels in the 17 blue-grained lines were 60.55 to 97.41 mg/kg, 60.55-97.41 mg/kg, 35.11 to 65.20 mg/kg and 5.74 to 7.22 mg/kg, respectively, which were higher than those in the yellow-grained line. The contribution of the first three principal components reached 84%. The first principal component was mainly anthocyanins, Fe, Zn and Mn. The second principal component contained protein and amino acids, and the third component contained only Cu. The top 5 Triticum turgidum-Triticum boeoticum amphiploids were Syn-ABAb-11, Syn-ABAb-17, Syn-ABAb-5, Syn-ABAb-8 and Syn-ABAb-4. These amphidiploids exhibited the potential to serve as candidates for hybridization with common wheat, as indicated by comprehensive score rankings, toward enhancing the nutritional quality of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the diagnostic sensitivity and consistency of ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) with B-mode ultrasound in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, and explored their correlation with clinical indicators. Methods: Patients suspected of NAFLD from July to November 2021 were enrolled in this prospective study. After performing the B-mode ultrasound and UGAP examination, all patients were divided into four groups according to the grade of NAFLD obtained by two modalities, respectively. The diagnostic agreement of the two modalities were evaluated, and the diagnostic sensitivity was compared by the McNemar test. The correlation between clinical indicators and the attenuation coefficient (AC) of UGAP was analyzed by linear regression. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient of UGAP was 0.958 (95%CI: 0.943,0.970), while the kappa value of B-mode ultrasound grading was 0.799 (95%CI: 0.686, 0.912). The diagnostic sensitivity of UGAP was higher than that of B-mode ultrasound (99.0% vs. 32%, P < 0.001). BMI and TG can be distinguished in different grades of NAFLD diagnosed by B-mode ultrasound, while BMI, ALT, HDL, and Apo A can be distinguished in different grades of NAFLD diagnosed by UGAP. BMI (r = 0.502, P < 0.001), ALT (r = 0. 396, P < 0.001), TG (r = 0.418, P < 0.001), HDL (r = -0. 359, P < 0.001) and Apo A (r = -0.228, P = 0.020) were linearly correlated with the AC value of UGAP. Conclusions: Compared with the B-mode ultrasound, UGAP had a higher sensitivity and consistency in diagnosing NAFLD, and correlated well with some laboratory indicators, which may be more valuable in screening and diagnosis of NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicone resins, which exhibits excellent heat-resistance, chemical stability and adhesion, are indispensable components in high temperature resistance coatings. Herein, we summarize a comprehensive survey of developments on heat-resistant silicone-based coatings. The influence of heat-resistant of modifying silicone resin chain segment, such as main chain modification and side main modification are discussed. Then, the physical and chemical properties of inorganic fillers combined with silicone resins are summarized for the aim of ceramization and further improving the degree of heat-resistant. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of heat resistance coatings based on silicone resins are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was designed to compare the body fluid module of Sysmex XN9000 (XN-BF) with optical microscopy (OM) for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis after two-step cell slide centrifuge (TSCSC), defining the best procedure for CSF optical microscopy analysis. Methods: Items of RBC, WBC enumeration and differentiation were observed. The cell count and morphologic evaluation of the cellular composition by OM was carried out both with and without two-step cell slide centrifuge (TSCSC) and were compared the data with XN-BF. Results: There were 69.98 ± 4.94 RBC and 36.98 ± 3.39 WBC in one OSCSC microscopic field whereas there were 96.35 ± 5.41 RBC and 66.15 ± 4.85 WBC in one TSCSC microscopic field in the same sample (*200). There was a statistical difference between those two methods (p = 0.000). Excellent correlation was found between total cell count with both OM and XN-BF. The R2 value for RBC and WBC counts were 0.99 and 0.96, respectively. For WBC differential, the R2 values were 0.98 for PMN and 0.70 for MN. Correlation of MN was poorer than PMN. As far as the tumor cell, phagocyte, and plasma cell with high fluorescence were concerned, OM were not consistent with XN-BF. Conclusions: The TSCSC procedure contributes to the separation of cells and other ingredients. XN-BF displays excellent performance at RBC and WBC cell count except for mononuclear cells, tumor cells, phagocytes, and leukemia cells. which makes it just a practical alternative to total cell (WBC, RBC) count for CSF samples. Detailed morphologic workup of CSF samples is mandated in all cases with meningoencephalitis, elevated cell count, subarachnoid hemorrhage and meningeal carcinomatosis, the TSCSC procedure is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the diagnostic sensitivity and consistency of ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) with B-mode ultrasound in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, and explored their correlation with clinical indicators. Methods: Patients suspected of NAFLD from July to November 2021 were enrolled in this prospective study. After performing the B-mode ultrasound and UGAP examination, all patients were divided into four groups according to the grade of NAFLD obtained by two modalities, respectively. The diagnostic agreement of the two modalities were evaluated, and the diagnostic sensitivity was compared by the McNemar test. The correlation between clinical indicators and the attenuation coefficient (AC) of UGAP was analyzed by linear regression. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient of UGAP was 0.958 (95%CI: 0.943,0.970), while the kappa value of B-mode ultrasound grading was 0.799 (95%CI: 0.686, 0.912). The diagnostic sensitivity of UGAP was higher than that of B-mode ultrasound (99.0% vs. 32%, P < 0.001). BMI and TG can be distinguished in different grades of NAFLD diagnosed by B-mode ultrasound, while BMI, ALT, HDL, and Apo A can be distinguished in different grades of NAFLD diagnosed by UGAP. BMI (r = 0.502, P < 0.001), ALT (r = 0. 396, P < 0.001), TG (r = 0.418, P < 0.001), HDL (r = -0. 359, P < 0.001) and Apo A (r = -0.228, P = 0.020) were linearly correlated with the AC value of UGAP. Conclusions: Compared with the B-mode ultrasound, UGAP had a higher sensitivity and consistency in diagnosing NAFLD, and correlated well with some laboratory indicators, which may be more valuable in screening and diagnosis of NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practical applications of regression models, we may meet with the situation where a true model is misspecified in some other forms due to certain unforeseeable reasons, so that estimation and statistical inference results obtained under the true and misspecified regression models are not necessarily the same, and therefore, it is necessary to compare these results and to establish certain links between them for the purpose of reasonably explaining and utilizing the misspecified regression models. In this paper, we propose and investigate some comparison and equivalence analysis problems on estimations and predictions under true and misspecified multivariate general linear models. We first give the derivations and presentations of the best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) and the best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) of unknown parametric matrices under a true multivariate general linear model and its misspecified form. We then derive a variety of necessary and suffcient conditions for the BLUPs/BLUEs under the two competing models to be equal using a series of highly-selective formulas and facts associated with ranks, ranges and generalized inverses of matrices, as well as block matrix operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin, as a natural antioxidant, shows great potential in food engineering and medicine. However, the inherent macromolecular structure, high polydispersity, and few phenolic hydroxy seriously limit its antioxidant activity. In this work, a mild iodocyclohexane demethylation for highly improving the antioxidant activity of lignin was proposed. The results showed -OCH3 content exhibited an almost linear decrease as a function of treating time, and the demethylation and cleavage of β--aryl ether bonds prompt an obvious increase in phenolic hydroxyl content (4.01 mmol/g) and a significant decline in aliphatic hydroxyl (~0.03 mmol/g). Meanwhile, attributing to the fragmentation of β--O--4, β--β, and β--5 substructures, the polydispersity of lignin molecular weight decreases from 2.7 to 2.2. As a result, the formed catechol-typed lignin showed an outstanding antioxidant activity, with the radical (DPPH•) scavenging index (inverse of concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50) value) over 2 000 mL/mg, much superior to the commercial antioxidants ( < 500 mL/mg). Further structure-activity relationship analysis implied that the Ph--OH--OCH3 ratio might act as a key factor influencing the antioxidant activity of lignin. This mild demethylation demonstrates a facile and effective method for highly enhancing the antioxidant activity of lignin and makes the catechol-typed lignin a green and promising product for practical use in food, medicine, and pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the early onset, development and histological features of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Methods: Three hundred and sixty-two patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells were enrolled. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical features and patterns of the specimens were observed in detail. Results: Infection of the gastric mucosa, especially by Helicobacter pylori, can cause massive cell proliferation and transformation in the deep gastric foveola, the isthmus of the gastric gland, and the proliferative zone of the upper neck of the gland. Signet-ring-like heterocysts monoclonally proliferated after the redifferentiation and reproliferation, extending horizontally along the gastric foveola. Gastric foveolar-type SRCC grew infiltratively into the lamina propria of the mucosa and the submucosa, signet-ring cells could differentiate into undifferentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation, mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation, gastric adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation, and fundus gland adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation. Conclusion: Early SRCC developed from the proliferative zones of the fundus of the gastric foveola and the neck of the gastric gland, growing horizontally along the gastric foveola. It developed into gastric adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation after reproliferation and retransformation in the mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the low-cost and short-process recycling technologies for aluminium alloys, recycled chip-based Al-Si-Cu-Fe alloys were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot extrusion. Microstructural observations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the recycled alloys could achieve good metallurgical bonding between the chips by fragmenting the alumina films on the chip surface by spark plasma sintering and hot extrusion after hot compress. The hot extruded recycled alloy has a smaller matrix grain size and second phase size than that of spark plasma sintered recycled alloys, due to the dynamic recrystallization and fragmentation of strong plastic deformation that occurs during the hot extrusion process. As a result, the chip-based Al-Si-Cu-Fe alloy recycled by hot extrusion after hot compress exhibited the best mechanical properties, with ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 258 and 132 MPa, and 8.6 % than that recycled by spark plasma sintering because of the effective metallurgical bonding between the chips, refinement of matrix grains, fragmentation and dispersion reinforcement of the oxide film and the second phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by advanced pulmonary vasculature remodeling that is thought to be curable only through lung transplantation. The application of angiogenic hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is reported to be protective in PH through its anti-vascular remodeling effect, but excessive HGF-mediated immature neovascularization is not conducive to the restoration of pulmonary perfusion because of apparent vascular leakage. As a canonical antiangiogenic molecule, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits angiogenesis and reduces vascular permeability in a variety of diseases. However, the effect of PEDF on HGF-based PH treatment remains to be determined. In this study, monocrotaline-induced PH rats and endothelial cells isolated from rat and human PH lung tissues were used. We assessed PH progression, right cardiac function, and pulmonary perfusion in HGF- and/or PEDF-treated rats with PH. Additionally, the receptor and mechanism responsible for the role of PEDF in HGF-based PH therapy were investigated. In this study, we found that HGF and PEDF jointly prevent PH development and improve right cardiac function in rats with PH. Moreover, PEDF delivery increases the pulmonary perfusion in PH lungs and inhibits immature angiogenesis and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin junction disintegration induced by HGF without affecting the therapeutic inhibition of pulmonary vascular remodeling by HGF. Mechanistically, PEDF targets VE growth factor receptor 2 and suppresses its phosphorylation at Y951 and Y1175 but not Y1214. Finally, VE growth factor receptor 2/VE protein tyrosine phosphatase/VE-cadherin complex formation and Akt and Erk1/2 inactivation were observed in rat and human PH lung endothelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that PEDF additively enhances the efficacy of HGF against PH, which may provide new insights into treatment strategies for clinical PH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The matrix spectral norm and nuclear norm appear in enormous applications. The generalization of these norms to higher-order tensors is becoming increasingly important, but unfortunately they are NP-hard to compute or even approximate. Although the two norms are dual to each other, the best-known approximation bound achieved by polynomial-time algorithms for the tensor nuclear norm is worse than that for the tensor spectral norm. In this paper, we bridge this gap by proposing deterministic algorithms with the best bound for both tensor norms. Our methods not only improve the approximation bound for the nuclear norm but also are data independent and easily implementable compared to existing approximation methods for the tensor spectral norm. The main idea is to construct a selection of unit vectors that can approximately represent the unit sphere, in other words, a collection of spherical caps to cover the sphere. For this purpose, we explicitly construct several collections of spherical caps for sphere covering with adjustable parameters for different levels of approximations and cardinalities. These readily available constructions are of independent interest, as they provide a powerful tool for various decision-making problems on spheres and related problems. We believe the ideas of constructions and the applications to approximate tensor norms can be useful to tackle optimization problems over other sets, such as the binary hypercube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The management of old bony mallet fingers is complicated. The purpose of this study was to describe direct fixation of fracture fragment with modified double Kirschner wires (K-wires) for treatment of old bony mallet finger, and to evaluate the functional outcomes during long-term follow-up. Methods: Forty-nine patients with old bony mallet finger were enrolled and underwent surgical treatment from August 2014 to January 2021 in our hospital. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had undergone triple K-wires fixation or modified double K-wires with a dorsal brace fixation. The operation time, mean number of intraoperative fluoroscopy, bone union time, functional recovery and incidence of complications were monitored. Results: Neither QuickDASH nor visual analogue scale measurement found statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the patients that underwent fixation with double K-wires and a dorsal brace required a shorter operation time and fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy, and exhibited a significantly greater mean final active range of the distal interphalangeal joint flexion, compared to those treated with triple K-wires (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Direct fixation of fracture fragment with modified double K-wires was an easy and feasible procedure which could achieve anatomical reduction and stable fixation of the dorsal fracture block of old bony mallet finger with relatively few complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]