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An extensive literature base has investigated women's underrepresentation in decision-making positions with sport organizations, yet women's access to these positions remains limited. Diversification strategies, based on distributive justice, have failed to create further opportunities. A new approach is needed to address this latent issue. The concept of gender allyship is presented to address the limitations of distributive justice paradigms that involves men and women to work as members of a coalition to improve gender equity in sport organizations. Utilizing grounded theory, this paper presents the core category of awareness and related subcategories self-awareness, organizational awareness, and industry awareness, as a means of informing the performance of gender allyship. The findings provide interesting theoretical and empirical implications for understanding the development of awareness, its subcategories, and how it contributes to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative neurological disorder that negatively affects the quality of life of affected individuals as well as their care givers. There is limited information in both epidemiological data and awareness level on PD in the Middle East. Considering the increasing prevalence of PD, the lack of awareness and negative attitudes toward PD pose a barrier in the provision of appropriate care for individuals with PD. Objective: This study aimed to validate scales to explore the knowledge and attitude towards PD among the general population in Lebanon and identify the associated factors related to the knowledge and attitude assessment. This study's results would guide awareness strategies in the country including public health strategies, campaigns and education sessions for the general population as well as targeted people. Methodology: An online cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2023 in Lebanon. Snowball sampling was used to recruit 400 Lebanese adults living in Lebanon. The validity and reliability of the knowledge and attitude scales were assessed, followed by a thorough statistical analysis to explore the factors associated with these scales. Results: The knowledge and attitude scales generated by this study were valid and reliable; Cronbach's alpha values for knowledge and attitude scales were 0.697 and 0.901, respectively. Using these scales, 91.8% demonstrated inappropriate knowledge and 93% showed positive attitude towards PD. Higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with female gender (Beta = 1.130), being a healthcare professional (Beta = 2.514), having heard about PD (Beta = 5.338), obtaining the source of information from electronic databases (Beta = 1.283), from pharmacist or physician (Beta = 1.212), from personal readings (Beta = 2.386), and having PD or knowing someone with PD; a friend or a family member (Beta = 1.179). However, being illiterate or having primary or secondary education (Beta = -0.874), having a higher household crowding index (Beta = -1.890), not knowing if contents from sources provide negative images about PD (Beta = − 1.908) and preferring not to say to which social class they belong (Beta = − 1.602) were significantly associated with lower knowledge scores. Believing that contents from sources provide negative images about PD (Beta = 8.246) was significantly associated with a higher attitude score, i.e., a more negative attitude towards PD. Conclusion: This study showed low levels of knowledge and an overall positive attitude towards PD in Lebanon. Factors associated with higher knowledge and attitude scores, including gender, education level, profession, knowing someone with the disease, household crowding index, social class, source of information and contents of such sources, reflect the need to consider those when implementing targeted corrective actions. Future studies can focus on educational campaigns to improve public awareness, reduce misconceptions and limit barriers to the early diagnosis and provision of optimal care to the affected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inequity in asthma and COVID-19 outcomes and research among Hispanic or Latino individuals is well established. Patient centered outcomes research (PCOR) may help address these inequalities. This report describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a virtual conference series program titled "Unidos Hablemos de/United, Let's Talk About" intended to address the health literacy of the Hispanic/Latino community regarding asthma and COVID-19 and to encourage involvement in PCOR. Methods: A Project Advisory Group consisting of Hispanic/Latino patient advisors who had been diagnosed with asthma and/or COVID-19, healthcare providers, researchers, a Hispanic faith-based leader, and a program evaluator designed and implemented a six-month series of monthly one-hour virtual sessions. Speakers and topics were selected that fit the Hispanic/Latino community and culture regarding asthma, COVID-19, and PCOR. Recruitment was through a multichannel digital promotion strategy, including social media. The virtual sessions were free on the ZOOM webinar platform and included interactive polling questions, live chat box, and Q&A. All audio and written materials from the sessions were translated into Spanish and English. Evaluations were used to rate the overall satisfaction with the program. Results: An average of 382 participants attended each of the six sessions, and participation generally increased with each session. The proportion of participants who considered themselves a Hispanic/Latino patient with asthma, caregiver, or clergy who served Hispanic/Latino communities increased by 100% from session one to session two. Preference for materials in Spanish ranged from 12 to 20% of participants over the six sessions. Among the sessions, 74–84% of polling question respondents indicated they would be willing to participate in research or a study, and 88% said they would be willing to serve as a patient partner/advocate. Program evaluations consistently indicated high satisfaction with the session content, session format, and feeling of inclusion. Conclusions: Unidos Hablemos provided a voice to the Hispanic/Latino community that will inform future strategies to improve equity in asthma management, COVID-19, and PCOR. Patient speakers generated trust from the participants and "bridged the gap" between physicians, researchers, and the Hispanic/Latino community. Providing evidence-based, current information will empower patients and caregivers to make informed healthcare decisions. Plain English summary: Hispanic/Latino patients have more emergency visits, hospitalizations, and deaths from asthma and COVID-19 than non-Hispanic/Latino White patients. Puerto Rican patients may have these outcomes more often than other Hispanic/Latino patients. Hispanic/Latino patients may not seek healthcare or take part in research because of language barriers and cultural differences. Patient centered outcomes research (PCOR) can be a solution to these issues. This type of research uses information from real-world situations to improve inequalities in research. A group of Hispanic/Latino patients, caregivers, and experts led the planning of a free webinar series that focused on asthma, COVID-19, and how patients can get involved in PCOR. The webinars and material were offered in both English and Spanish. Spanish was the preferred language for some of the webinar participants. During the sessions, most people indicated they would be willing to participate in research and be an advisor for PCOR. The patient speakers were important in generating the trust of the participants. Patients and caregivers were satisfied with the content and format and said they felt included. Programs, like this one, help patients make informed decisions about their medical care and take part in PCOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometriosis is a prevalent disease among women worldwide, including the Middle East. Insufficient knowledge about the disease causes delayed diagnosis which could result in major complications, particularly infertility. Thus, being aware of the symptom's aids in prompt diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, no research has been done in Lebanon to assess the Lebanese women's knowledge about endometriosis. Aim: To determine the understanding and concerns of Lebanese women about endometriosis which aids in identifying knowledge gaps and misconceptions so that they can be addressed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2024 among Lebanese females, who completed the authors' online questionnaire assessing knowledge and concern about endometriosis and its associated symptoms, Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between score of knowledge and different characteristics of patients. Results: A survey of 725 Lebanese women (mean age 32.5 years, SD = 9.5) revealed low knowledge (25.9%) about endometriosis origin, symptoms, and treatment. Over 60% were unaware of endometriosis symptoms, while 9.9% mistakenly believed menstrual cramps indicated the disease. Younger age (< 35 years), higher education (Master's degree or above), professional occupation, lower pregnancy and live birth rates, and no history of abortion, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine or ovarian conditions, and pelvic surgeries were significantly associated with greater knowledge of endometriosis. Conclusion: Lebanese women's knowledge of endometriosis is limited. This highlights how crucial medical education and awareness initiatives are in addressing the issue in Lebanon. Greater awareness of endometriosis will encourage Lebanese women to seek medical advice and consultation, resulting in earlier detection and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Our study assesses the current knowledge and prior awareness of undergraduate medical students in Pakistan regarding palliative care. Study Design: This descriptive Cross-sectional online survey was distributed among undergraduate medical students across Pakistan, with a sample size of 246 participants. The questionnaire, adapted from the PaCKS questionnaire by Kozlov et al. (JAMA 15(5):524–34, 2017), was designed to assess the students' prior knowledge about palliative care. Results: The mean PaCKS score was 9.7 out of 13, with a standard deviation of 2.76. Having heard of palliative care before participation in the study was significantly associated with higher PaCKS scores. Key factors associated with a higher incidence of prior awareness of palliative care included attending private institutions, being in a more advanced year of study, and having a higher mean monthly family income (P < 0.001 for each factor). Conclusion: This study explores medical students' understanding of palliative care in Pakistan, finding that while many have a basic grasp of the concept, there are notable misconceptions, particularly in differentiating palliative care from hospice care and understanding its broader role. Interestingly, students' knowledge did not significantly improve as they advanced through medical school, suggesting potential shortcomings in the curriculum. The findings highlight the need for more precise education and targeted training to better equip future healthcare providers for delivering patient-centered care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pharmacists can play a role in enhancing treatment outcomes of autistic people, but they must possess sufficient knowledge and awareness of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Current evidence is scant among Nigerian pharmacists. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Describe and compare Nigerian hospital and community pharmacists' ASD knowledge, awareness, and perceptions; (2) Determine if there is a significant correlation between ASD knowledge, awareness, and perceptions; (3) Determine if demographic and practice-related factors are significantly related to pharmacists' ASD awareness. Method: Hospital and community pharmacists were administered a self-report survey to assess ASD knowledge and awareness, as well as confidence in caring for autistic people, and perceived benefits of ASD training and care. Data were collected from August to December 2021 and analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Cronbach's alphas were used to assess reliability. Results: Of respondents, (Total N = 383; N = 201 hospital pharmacists from various states) and N = 182 community pharmacists in Lagos state) community pharmacists had significantly higher mean knowledge than hospital pharmacists (58.10% ± 19.00% vs 53.20% ± 20.10%; P =.016). Overall mean awareness score was 2.90 ± 0.80, with no significant difference between community and hospital pharmacists (P =.096). Perception regarding ASD continuing education (CE) was strongly correlated with the perceived benefits of pharmacy services to autistic people in Nigeria (r =.69; P <.0001). Additionally, awareness was positively correlated with knowledge (r =.47, P <.0001) and perceived confidence in ASD medication counseling (r =.54, P <.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that being a hospital pharmacist, having courses on ASD during pharmacy degree programs, undergoing ASD CE, and having <5 years of practice experience were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with higher ASD awareness. Conclusion: Respondents had suboptimal knowledge and awareness of ASD. Including ASD in the pharmacy curriculum and providing CE programs may help improve pharmacists' ability to provide more optimal patient care services for autistic people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern, with some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection playing a pivotal role in its etiology. This research was conducted to explore the awareness and knowledge regarding Pap tests and HPV typing as screening tools for Cervical Cancer in Edo North, Nigeria. Methods: Data was collected with the use of a pretested structured questionnaire that includes open ended and close ended response format to assess knowledge. Data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 29. Results: This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional study design with 113 participants aged 25–65 years. A significant knowledge gap regarding the purpose of Pap tests and HPV testing was observed, with only 32.7% of participants aware of their purpose. Only 20.4% of participants had undergone cervical screening, with inconsistencies in screening frequency. HPV vaccination rates were low, with only one vaccinated individual. Conclusion: This study reveals a concerning low level of awareness and knowledge among participants regarding Pap tests and HPV testing in cervical cancer screening. These findings emphasize the need for improved education and communication about cervical cancer screening methods to empower individuals to make informed decisions about their healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of peer feedback in academic writing has garnered increasing attention from educators and research supervisors in recent years. Nevertheless, limited information exists about the perceptions and experiences of international doctoral students concerning the learning outcomes derived from giving and receiving feedback on research synopsis writing. This case study employs a variety of data sources, including research synopsis drafts, written peer evaluations, and semistructured interviews, to explore how 11 junior and seven senior doctoral candidates at Chinese universities benefit from receiving and providing feedback on their peers' research synopses, respectively. Through the analysis of the interview data, four emergent themes related to student learning were generated through the exchange of peer feedback: (1) enhancing research synopsis writing awareness, (2) progressing in synopsis writing drafts, (3) improving research skills with peer feedback, and (4) fostering reflective and critical learning. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential educational opportunities that arise from exchanging peer evaluations in scholarly work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object detection in drone aerial images is challenging due to the difficulty of small object detection and complex backgrounds. To address these issues, this paper proposes an improved object detection model, perception and target capture detector (PTCDet), to increase detection accuracy and robustness in complex scenes. Specifically, the proposed multiple feature extraction attention (MFEA) module significantly enhances the ability of the model to detect small objects through multidimensional feature map augmentation. The weighted perceptive field augmentation (WPFA) module is designed to improve the contextual awareness and feature representation of the model, optimizing detection accuracy for small objects. Based on the multiscale feature fusion structure, an enhanced scale fusion detection (ESFD) module is used to improve small object detection by generating larger scale feature maps. Ultimately, the inner focaler IoU loss (INFL) function effectively accelerates the regression of detection bounding boxes, enhancing the generalization ability and overall detection performance of the model. The experimental results on three public datasets demonstrate that PTCDet outperforms other detection algorithms. For example, on the VisDrone dataset, compared with the baseline model YOLOv8, map@0.5 and map@0.5:0.95 are improved by 6.21% and 4.21%, respectively. PTCDet exhibits excellent performance in addressing complex backgrounds and small object detection, providing an effective and robust solution for object detection tasks in drone aerial images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across three online studies, we examined the relationship between the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and moral cognition and behavior. Study 1 (N = 283) examined whether FoMO influenced moral awareness, judgments, and recalled and predicted behavior of first-person moral violations in either higher or lower social settings. Study 2 (N = 821) examined these relationships in third-person judgments with varying agent identities in relation to the participant (agent = stranger, friend, or someone disliked). Study 3 (N = 604) examined the influence of recalling activities either engaged in or missed out on these relationships. Using the Rubin Causal Model, we created hypothetical randomized experiments from our real-world randomized experimental data with treatment conditions for lower or higher FoMO (median split), matched for relevant covariates, and compared differences in FoMO groups on moral awareness, judgments, and several other behavioral outcomes. Using a randomization-based approach, we examined these relationships with Fisher Tests and computed 95% Fisherian intervals for constant treatment effects consistent with the matched data and the hypothetical FoMO intervention. All three studies provide evidence that FoMO is robustly related to giving less severe judgments of moral violations. Moreover, those with higher FoMO were found to report a greater likelihood of committing moral violations in the past, knowing people who have committed moral violations in the past, being more likely to commit them in the future, and knowing people who are likely to commit moral violations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Probiotics and Prebiotics are essential for supporting both overall health and gastrointestinal health. However, the perception of these dietary components among the general public in Saudi Arabia is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate public awareness, knowledge, and beliefs regarding prebiotics and probiotics across Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: Our cross-sectional study included 1,306 participants aged 18 years and above. Data were collected in Saudi Arabia between May and July 2023 using a self-administered online questionnaire via convenience sampling. Results: A high level of awareness was self-reported by only 21.9% of participants, whereas more than half (51.8%) of participants rated their level of awareness as low. Overall, 37.5% of participants displayed a high level of knowledge about probiotics and prebiotics, whereas 15.5% had a low level of knowledge. The majority of participants believed in the beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics on overall digestion/gut health (84.1%) and supporting the immune system (72.5%). However, less than half of participants believed in their beneficial effects on overweight/obesity (42.3%), stress management (35%), mental health/stress (29.2%), and heart health (28.7%). Conclusions: The obtained findings indicate sufficient levels of knowledge about prebiotics and probiotics among a population sample of Saudi adults. However, enhanced educational efforts and optimized strategies for promoting a comprehensive awareness and understanding of probiotics and prebiotics are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Decades of medical data show worse patient outcomes among racial and gender minorities due to implicit, explicit, and structural biases. Increasing representation of marginalized groups among care providers is imperative to help address this. Limited literature exists on bias awareness strategies for interviewers during the selection of applicants to General Internal Medicine (GIM) programs in Canada. This study examines the trial of bias reduction tools to increase interviewers’ awareness of implicit biases. Methods: The Model of Improvement framework guided the trail of an instructional video, the adapted implicit association test (IAT), and a paper awareness tool (PAT) to increase interviewers’ awareness of implicit biases during the University of Alberta’s GIM applicant selection. An anonymous online survey was disseminated to physician interviewers. Descriptive statistics (percentages) and a modified sentiment analysis was completed. Results: 10 of 14 interviewers completed the survey. Respondents reported an increased awareness of using bias reduction tools (IAT, 25%; video, 71%; PAT, 67%) to inform them on their implicit biases. The future use of IAT, video, and PAT was supported by 50%, 71%, and 67% of interviewers, respectively. Conclusions: Interviewers prefer the instructional video and PAT over the IAT. Textual responses suggest existing concerns for biases inherent to the interview process yet 70% (7/10) of respondents believe that interviews should have a weighting of 50% towards final ranking of candidates. As many institutions continue to rely on interviews to evaluate candidates, our findings indicate the need for a national study to develop a framework to mitigate inherent biases during interviewing of candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the economy and society, the demand for power quality is constantly increasing. As a crucial part of grid situational awareness, distribution network state estimation plays a vital role in providing critical data support for other advanced applications, which is significant for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network. Therefore, this paper proposes a dynamic state awareness method for distribution networks based on the robust adaptive cubature Kalman filter (RACKF). The proposed solution, grounded on the core computational concept of the cubature Kalman filter (CKF), constructs a robust noise statistical estimator (NSE) composed of a biased NSE and an unbiased NSE to adapt to the unknown and time-varying process noise parameters in the dynamic state estimation process. The proposed solution can ensure that the calculated process noise parameters always meet the constraints and guarantee the robustness of the algorithm. In addition, an estimation strategy for the fusion of multi-time scale measurement data is developed according to the RACKF-based dynamic state estimation features in order to realize system state corrections and updates. The results of simulation experiments and comparisons with traditional CKF methods demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of the proposed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the level of awareness in identifying misinformation and responsible use of social media among teachers at Recto Memorial National High School. Moreover, this attempted to determine if there is a significant relationship between teachers' awareness in identifying misinformation and responsible use of social media. Using a descriptive survey method, it involved 120 teachers at Recto Memorial National High School, during the academic year 2022-2023. To measure the data, modified survey questionnaires were used and underwent internal and external validation through the help of a panel of examiners and a group of teachers. Meanwhile, the findings of the study on the level of awareness in identifying misinformation resulted in "Highly Aware" in terms of explicit instruction, formative assessment, practice media literacy, inquiry based learning, and evaluating and explaining. The level of responsible use of social media resulted in "Highly Responsible" in terms of netiquette/etiquette, respect, emotions, awareness, and decision-making. Likewise, there is a positive and significant relationship between the practices of teachers in identifying misinformation and the overall level of responsible use of social media across all dimensions. The result revealed that respondents have a high level of awareness regarding the importance of critically evaluating information, identifying fake news, and understanding the differences between social media and the real world. Overall, the findings indicate that teachers who actively participate in practices such as explicit instruction, formative assessment, media literacy, inquiry-based learning, and evaluating and explaining information are more likely to exhibit responsible use of social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Speech and language therapists (SLTs) play an important role in assessing and rehabilitating communication disorders in people with dementia, but there is evidence to suggest that they do not receive appropriate training to provide management and support during their training. Aim: To investigate the level of awareness and knowledge that practising SLTs from Brazil have about dementia and their role in the care of dementia through an online survey. Methods & Procedures: An online survey tool was developed to collect information from practising Brazilian SLTs regarding their knowledge about dementia, awareness about their role in the care of people with dementia, and opinions on how SLTs may be better prepared to work in the dementia field. The survey was disseminated via social media, websites, and e‐mail lists of researchers and stakeholders. Outcomes & Results: A total of 227 SLTs completed the survey. Participants showed good knowledge of dementia in general, while their answers were less accurate on primary progressive aphasia. Regarding the awareness by SLTs of their role in the care of people with dementia, most agreed or strongly agreed that SLTs could help people in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of dementia (> 80%). However, fewer participants agreed or strongly agreed that they felt confident in contributing to the treatment and diagnosis process of dementia (about 50%). To improve the training of SLTs in Brazil, most participants believed that it would be necessary to improve the teaching of dementia at the undergraduate speech and language therapy curriculum level and to develop recommendations or guidelines about speech and language therapy practice in dementia. Conclusions & Implications: The results of this survey point to a need for improvement in the knowledge and confidence of Brazilian SLTs about dementia. To reach this goal, targeted training courses and applied practice opportunities should be embedded within university curricula and training programmes. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: Many studies confirm the importance of speech and language therapy in the non‐pharmacological treatment of people with dementia. However, other evidence suggests to a possible lack of training for Brazilian SLTs, especially in the curriculum of undergraduate courses. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: This study reveals that Brazilian SLTs have substantial knowledge of dementia and recognize the significance of their role in treating people with dementia. However, a minority expressed confidence in their ability to assess and treat people with dementia. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: The findings of this research demonstrate that Brazilian SLTs have good knowledge of dementia and endorse their professional role in dementia care; however, they lack confidence in their own skills and expertise in diagnostic assessment and treatment of dementia. Interventions aimed at boosting the SLT's confidence level could lead to improved patients outcomes and overall quality of care within clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We would like to extend our sincere thanks to us beloved parents who were the source of our inspiration and strength, who gave us all their giving and their continuous moral, spiritual, emotional and financial support for us whatever we say and do we will not fulfill their full right so thank you until the pens dry and the newspapers are full. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of organizational unlearning with a focus on challenging path dependence and its implications on the organizational change field. By generating a taxonomy of unlearning definitions and examining the dimensions, actors and processes involved, the authors aim to offer a holistic understanding of organizational unlearning and its potential applications for organizations facing ambiguity and uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach: This conceptual paper draws the literature on organizational unlearning to map existing definitions and categorize them into a comprehensive taxonomy to propose a model focused on the outcomes. Findings: The findings highlight that organizational unlearning involves the three main organizational dimensions (micro: individuals; meso: groups; macro: organizations) and that the macro-organizational perspective represents the best fit for the concept. Furthermore, the authors' argue that the most appropriate process for understanding the unlearning phenomenon is through challenge, as it allows the questioning of the present and facilitates critical reflection. Finally, applying organizational unlearning to path dependence concept, the authors' posit that organizations can overcome negative transfer effects and build new awareness to reinterpret their dependencies in light of environmental changes. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature on organizational unlearning by providing a comprehensive taxonomy of definitions, clarifying the dimensions, constructs and processes involved. The integration of challenging path dependence with organizational unlearning offers a novel perspective on the potential for organizational change field. The paper's findings have practical implications for organizations striving to survive and develop in uncertain environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast-implant-based reconstruction is one of the most performed procedures in plastic surgery. Despite the high durability of breast implants, various complications are accompanied with prolonged inlay duration, particularly implant rupture. Many aftereffects can be associated with implant rupture, especially siliconoma and BIA-ALCL. Without regular implant check-ups, implant-related issues may remain underrecognized. Here, we analyzed the number of breast implant carriers needing revisions and if patients adhered to annual implant follow-up recommendations. Methods: We reviewed 1128 breast procedures at the department of plastic surgery at the University Clinic of St. Poelten between August 1st 2018 and December 31st 2023. Patients were analyzed to see whether regular check-ups of their breast implants were performed. Additionally, implant-related complications were investigated, as well as if they were noticed by implant carriers. Results: Only 15.46% of breasts implants were regularly checked at least once a year in our cohort. The remaining 84.54% of patients consulted our department due to pain or aesthetic discomfort without periodical follow-ups. Most implant ruptures (73.8%) were diagnosed in patients consulting acutely due to pain or capsular contraction after an average of 17.36 ± 10.57 years. Routine examination uncovered 26.2% of silent implant ruptures without patients yet complaining of clinical symptoms as early as 15.44 ± 11.17 years. Conclusions: Most implant ruptures develop clinical symptoms as an indicator that removal is warranted. However, only regular follow-ups can identify implant complications several years earlier and possibly reduce severe sequalae such as BIA-ALCL. This highlights the significance and necessity of annual breast implant controls by surgeons and radiologic imaging to prevent devastating implant-associated aftereffects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security literacy can be viewed as being different, at different levels of management. This paper presents and explains a security literacy model from a managerial level perspective and how different security literacy methods (awareness, training, education) supports the model of the different information security needs of strategic (why), tactical (how), and operational (what) management. The model was developed from academic literature content. The model suggests that security goes beyond technical knowledge and instead involves critically thinking about what to do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Awareness of issues and health concerns can prompt individuals to change their lifestyle behaviors. In fact, awareness is typically one of the first steps towards behavior change. However, awareness alone does not necessarily initiate or sustain behavioral changes. Specifically, many individuals experience significant barriers that prevent behavior change. Providers can address such barriers through ecological models of behavior change. Including concepts from an ecological model in health care settings can support positive lifestyle behavior change post-diagnosis. Moving beyond awareness alone and addressing barriers to change is an important goal that ultimately increases the probability of change for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At temporal light modulation (TLM) frequencies between 80 Hz and 20 000 Hz observers may perceive a series of repeated images called the phantom array effect (PAE) when they move their eyes in large saccades across a modulating light source or across a scene lit by the modulating light source. To date, there is no well-established measure for quantifying PAE visibility, but there is growing awareness of the need for one among design professionals and sensitive populations. This paper documents a new measure, the phantom array visibility measure (PAVM), which is based on the results of recent human factors experiments. The measure follows the mathematical underpinning used by the flicker visibility measure and the stroboscopic visibility measure, where the time-domain TLM waveform is converted into its Fourier frequency components; each component is evaluated through a threshold curve of modulation depth, then summed through an equation employing a Minkowski exponent. This scales the PAVM so that a value of 1 indicates a waveform at a threshold visibility in the conditions of the underlying experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased public awareness of environmental problems and the strengthening of diverse identities may lead to the emergence of 'ethnic environmentalism'. These movements make environmental claims associated with the interests of an ethnic community. We develop this concept by examining protests in the Russian regions. Our findings suggest that ethnic identity facilitates environmental activism under the following conditions: the ethnic group claims a special cultural relationship to the natural environment; environmental concern and ethnic identity are linked to the unfair distribution of resources; and blame is directed towards regional actors rather than the federal government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Human papilloma virus infection is responsible for 4.5% of cancers worldwide. Around 38,000 cases per year of HPV-related cancers arise in the head and neck region, of which 21,000 cases are oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs), with an increasing frequency in high-income countries. There is a dangerous lack in awareness about HPV infection and its potential role in HNC among both general populations and health care practitioners. In our work, we aimed to collect the available evidence about the awareness of the relation between HPV infection and head and neck cancer among patients and practitioners. A great effort should be made to increase both practitioners and general population's awareness on this topic, also aiming to increase HPV vaccination coverage. Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is responsible for 4.5% of cancers worldwide, i.e., for around 630,000 new cases per year. Around 38,000 cases per year of HPV-related cancers arise in the head and neck region, of which 21,000 cases are oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs), with an increasing frequency in high-income countries. In our work, we aimed to collect the available evidence about the awareness of the relation between HPV infection and head and neck cancer among patients and practitioners. Methods: This review was based on all available prospective and retrospective studies, case reports, and review articles published up to May 2024 in PubMed. The search keywords used included "human papilloma virus" plus "head and neck cancer", "awareness", "infection", "vaccination", "awareness in patients and practitioners", "oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma", "HPV16-18", "HPV awareness", "cervical cancer". Results: In the U.S.A., with more than 150.00 participants interviewed through different studies, the identification of HPV infection as a risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) was made by only 12–39% of the participants. Similar conclusions were drawn from European studies in which only 10–52% of the participants recognized HPV as a risk factor for HNC. HPV-related HNC awareness in health care providers and medical/dental students showed a high variability among studies, being otolaryngology and dental sciences specialists the most conscious in comparison to general practitioners, who demonstrated a low level of awareness. Conclusions: There is a dangerous lack of awareness about HPV infection and its potential role in HNC among both general populations and health care practitioners. A great effort should be made to increase awareness in both practitioners and the general population on this topic, also aiming to increase the HPV vaccination coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The researchers conducted the current study to explore knowledge and satisfaction with the Hepatitis C Healthy Lives Initiative among a sample of Egyptians. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,193 clients attending HCV screening sites via consecutive sampling technique. A structured interview questionnaire was used, including three sections: sociodemographic characteristics, satisfaction with the hepatitis C screening program, and HCV-related knowledge. Results: Approximately half of the enrolled participants showed good HCV knowledge. Males had a higher percentage (51.0%) of good knowledge scores (p = 0.029). Individuals with a university degree scored higher (65.9%) than those with other levels of education. More than half of the participants (701, 58.8%) reported high satisfaction with the screening campaign, with patients with no comorbidities showing more satisfaction (p < 0.05). Participants were motivated to be screened to check their health status (94.9%) and were encouraged mostly by family members (65.9%). Regression analysis revealed that higher education level, employment, having no comorbidity, not living in slums, and having no negative family history of HCV were significant factors in predicting a high level of knowledge. Conclusion: The current study revealed that half of the enrolled participants showed good HCV knowledge. The majority of the study participants were satisfied with the screening campaign. The media played a crucial role in raising awareness of the campaign to eliminate HCV, and it is necessary to consider introducing HCV education via mass media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As artificial intelligence technology has developed, research on the application of AI in the medical field has increased, and there is a high likelihood that the use of AI technology will expand in nursing education and practice in the future. However, ethical issues arise when utilizing AI, necessitating a high level of ethical awareness before its application. Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors in artificial intelligence ethics awareness among nursing students. Methods: Participants were 140 nursing students attending universities in G City and J Province in South Korea. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 26 August to 6 September 2024. Factors in artificial intelligence ethics awareness were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Results: Nursing students' artificial intelligence ethics awareness is significantly correlated with digital literacy (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and moral sensitivity (r = 27, p < 0.001). The influencing factor in artificial intelligence ethics awareness among nursing students was moral sensitivity (β = 0.23, p = 0.042). The explanation power of these variables was 14.0% (F = 46.78, p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a need to provide education and training programs that can improve moral sensitivity to foster artificial intelligence ethics awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the intertwined nature of digital and environmental dimensions within Bourdieu's concept of habitus to address contemporary global challenges. Controversial evidence exists regarding the environmental impact of digitalization, reflecting contrasting theoretical approaches at societal and individual levels. The paper examines how digital practices' environmental impact depends on usage types, with implications for lifestyles and values. It revises the concept of habitus to encapsulate the complex interaction between digital and environmental fields, facilitating users' awareness and behavioral responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indo-Pacific has rapidly become the world's geopolitical and geo-economic epicentre. Consequently, much scholarly attention has been focused on Sino–United States superpower competition and on the policies of the region's great and middle powers. However, since Europe has engaged late with the Indo-Pacific, its policies remain under-examined. This Special Issue fills a lacuna in our knowledge through a dedicated appraisal of German, British, Italian, and European Union approaches to the Indo-Pacific. This introductory article provides an analytical survey of the impetus for Europe's new awareness of the Indo-Pacific's importance. It then sheds light on the European approach based on a tripartite framework comprising economy, security, and norms, which is adopted by all the articles in this Special Issue to draw out comparative insights. This research thus contributes to the literature on both European and Indo-Pacific strategic landscapes by examining an understudied development under a novel joint assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfaith initiatives are seen as promising sites for societal change and personal transformation. However, many questions about the actual outcomes of such initiatives have remained unanswered. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted, focusing on 1) the outcomes of interfaith initiatives and 2) the methods used to evaluate these outcomes. This review analyses 47 empirical studies on interfaith initiatives. The review of the initiatives' outcomes indicates that interfaith initiatives can positively impact participants' knowledge about other worldviews, communication skills and appreciation for other worldviews. At the same time, it can be challenging for interfaith initiatives to positively impact participants' knowledge of socio-political challenges, awareness of power imbalance and privilege and behaviour as interfaith leaders. The analysis of the methods used to evaluate the impact of interfaith initiatives shows that most studies used qualitative methods. For studies using quantitative or mixed methods designs, a variety of measurement instruments were used, whereby there was little overlap or consensus regarding the concepts being used. The findings of this article will stimulate scholars to focus more on learning activities and evaluation methods that take societal learning outcomes into consideration. It emphasises the need to build on previous evaluation and research efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses Israeli Bible teachers' perceptions of the 'otherness' and their actions in a reality in which teachers are required to balance the tension between being experts in the field of knowledge, coping with a state curriculum that promotes a faith-religious worldview, and acting as educators in promoting discourse dealing with social issues of inclusion, respect, and tolerance for the 'other'. The research is qualitative-interpretive, based on interviews with 13 teachers. It focuses on describing and explaining Bible teachers' perceptions and interpreting their actions. Findings point to two main perceptions: (1) A perception that transcends the boundaries of biblical academic discourse and fosters a moral dialogue of integration, tolerance, openness, and awareness of the 'other' as part of the Bible teacher's role. (2) A perception focused only on biblical discourse and refrains from dealing with issues of 'otherness' in the lesson. This research offers new tools and courses of action to implement these perceptions. Its conclusions may encourage teachers to develop pedagogical flexibility and an ability to navigate through issues of 'otherness' while responding to social, value, and moral issues that arise spontaneously in the multicultural dialogue in Bible lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate factors influencing motivation for dementia preventive behaviors in a population aged 40 and over. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study between December 2022 and May 2023, involving 483 participants in an online survey. We collected data on dementia risk awareness, healthy lifestyle choices, and motivation for dementia risk reduction. The majority of respondents, comprising 41.6%, demonstrated a moderate level of risk awareness, with 50.5% believing that prevention is beyond anyone's control. Motivations for lifestyle change were significantly higher in women (p <.001) and 'participants with university degree education (p <.05). Regression analysis identified gender (female), education level (higher education), and dementia risk awareness, emerged as significant predictors of motivation to change lifestyle (beta:.138, beta:.136, beta:.114, p <.001, respectively). This study underscores the importance of risk awareness in motivating dementia prevention, suggesting avenues for future research to explore specific determinants of motivation to reduce dementia risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Stroke is a leading cause of death in Taiwan. Poor public knowledge of stroke may lead to delays in prehospital arrival, resulting in unfavorable prognoses. Studies have investigated public knowledge of stroke and highlighted the importance of stroke education, however, few such studies have been conducted in Taiwan. This study assessed the changes in public knowledge of stroke between 2012 and 2020 by conducting a survey during two World Stroke Day events. Furthermore, this study identified areas where educational efforts may have been insufficient. Materials & Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to the participants of 2012 and 2020 World Stroke Day events in Taiwan. In total, 328 and 336 questionnaires were completed, respectively. Stroke literacy and knowledge were analyzed between 2012 and 2020. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or independent t-test. p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. Results: Hypertension was the most recognized risk factor for stroke in both years (p < 0.001), and recognition of most of the given risk factors significantly increased. In addition, recognition of more than half of the stroke warning signs significantly increased, awareness of the correct acute stroke response also increased (p < 0.001), and overall stroke literacy in Taiwan increased (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Stroke literacy and knowledge in Taiwan have improved significantly between 2012 and 2020, but many people still lack adequate stroke knowledge and awareness. Government health department must take this sort of intervention continually (campaigns) and novel approaches (e.g. board game...) to improve stroke literacy and knowledge in public health. Registration ID: N202109072, approved by the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University on 2021/11/02 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Unawareness of the risk factors is one of the most important issues that need to be settled for stroke prevention. We aimed to evaluate the awareness of risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) among acute ischemic stroke patients and to investigate the characteristics of patients who were unaware of their risk factors in Shenzhen, China. Methods: Registered data on awareness of CVD risk factors of patients with confirmed acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from June 2020 to December 2022 were analyzed in May 2023. The data were extracted from the database of Shenzhen Quality Control Center for Management of Cerebrovascular Diseases. Results: Totally, there were 5147 AIS patients with complete data eligible for this study. AIS patients' awareness regarding existing hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and atrial fibrillation (AF) was 76.1%, 76.2%, 24.2%, and 53.4%, respectively. Patients who were lack of awareness of the CVD risk factors were more likely to be males, individuals with younger ages, and those without medical insurance or a CVD history. Conclusions: The overall awareness of the CVD risk factors was suboptimal among AIS patients in Shenzhen, especially for the existing dyslipidemia. The health education of AIS should be further improved in males as well as individuals without medical insurance or any CVD histories. Age was an independent factor associated with the lack of awareness of the CVD risk factors. The stroke screening program should be extended to younger people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness among library and information science (LIS) professionals regarding the perceived utility of big data (BD) and data analytics (DA) in academic libraries, as well as their influence on the provision of data services (DSs). Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey was carried out to collect the data for this study. The population of this study comprised LIS professionals working in public sector university libraries. A four-factor measurement model estimating the influence of BD and DA on the provision of DSs in academic libraries was tested using the structural equation modelling. Findings: The findings revealed that awareness (AW) (β = 0.141, CR = 2.534, p = 0.011) demonstrated a significant positive influence on the provision of DSs. The perceived utility of BD (β = 0.058, CR = 0.582, p = 0.561), and perceived utility of DA (β = 0.141, CR = 2.534, p = 0.905) exhibits a positive but statistically non-significant impact on the provision of DSs (β = 0.010, CR = 0.120, p = 0.905). The goodness of fit indices suggest a favourable fit for the model, as evidenced by the following values: χ2 = 1.400, DF = 164; p = 0.001; IFI = 0.954; TLI = 0.946; CFI = 0.953; GFI = 0.906; and RMSEA = 0.043. Originality/value: A new perspective on the use of BD and DA in academic libraries is presented in this study. It presents a four-factor measurement model on the influence of BD and DA on the provision of DSs in university libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquitous use of information technology in modern life leads to many problems of financial information security. Such security issues could be due to users' insecure behaviors during their financial transactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the university teacher's financial information security behavior (FISB) and to examine the factors that influence their FISB. By using a survey method, the study collected primary data quantitatively. A closed-ended questionnaire based on IMB Model (Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Model) was developed. The population of the study comprised teachers from six faculties of University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect the data from the teachers via a print-format based questionnaire. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the proposed model by using ADANCO (2.1). ADANCO is a software that is used for SEM analysis. The results exhibited that a majority of the teachers are frequent users of online banking. The findings confirmed that measures familiarity and self-efficacy have a direct impact on the financial information security behavior of the respondents and self-efficacy mediates the relation between threat awareness and financial information security behavior. The study concludes that online banking users can perform secure behavior during online transactions if they are familiar with security measures and are confident to perform different online banking-related tasks. It is, therefore, suggested that individuals may be familiarized with the financial information security measures so that they may believe in their selves and develop secure financial information behavior. This can be done through awareness seminars and hands-on training by the Federal Investigation Agency in liaison with banks and educational institutions. The present study has contributed to the domain of financial information security behavior in the local context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Problem: Miscarriage is an under-discussed topic in organizations. Many organizations in the United States do not offer organizational support for individuals who experience miscarriage. Not having organizational support may make an individual's experience of healing more challenging, impacting their professional and career development. The Solution: Organizations can combat some of the challenges around pregnancy loss by implementing training & development and awareness development initiatives to educate around this topic and provide support for individuals who may be impacted. Stakeholders: Stakeholders in this issue include HRD practitioners, managers and organizations that are committed to leveraging training & development initiatives to support employees and alleviating the organizational challenges surrounding the multiple journeys of working parenthood, including miscarriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This longitudinal study examined the contribution of preschool morphological awareness to word reading skills and reading comprehension, as well as to the developmental change of reading ability beyond other well-established oral language and cognitive predictors. A distinction was made between the domains of inflectional and derivational morphology. Method: Two hundred and fifty-nine Norwegian-speaking children (46% female) with a mean age of 5.5 years were assessed in preschool on language measures and again in Grades 1 and 3 on measures of word reading accuracy and fluency and in Grades 3 and 4 on reading comprehension. We fit latent change score models with preschool predictors using parceling to control for measurement error. Results: We found a unique contribution of preschool morphological awareness to reading comprehension in Grade 3, but no unique contribution to Grade 1 decoding. Neither awareness of inflections nor awareness of derivations predicted developmental change in word reading fluency between Grades 1 and 3 or change in reading comprehension between Grades 3 and 4 beyond the effect of control variables. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the relevance of morphological awareness only for early attainment in reading comprehension and highlight the importance of accounting for measurement error in studying associations among variables aiming to discover specific contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Phonological awareness (PA), the awareness of sounds in spoken words, is strongly linked to reading outcomes. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of PA instruction without including print (i.e. PA without exposure to words or letters). Specifically, is PA-only instruction just as effective in improving reading outcomes when compared to print-based instruction (e.g. phonics)? Method: Robust variance estimation was used to examine the effectiveness of PA-only instruction across 38 independent studies and 293 effect sizes. The sample consisted of 3,880 participants in preschool through first grade. The average age of participants was 5 years 7 months. Moderator analysis were conducted to examine differences in effect across outcomes, comparison conditions and participant characteristics. Results: PA-only instruction had a moderate overall effect (g = 0.57, 95% CI [0.40, 0.74], p <.001) on reading-related outcomes. PA-only instruction was less effective when compared to print-based instruction (g = −0.54, 95% CI [−0.80, −0.27], p <.001) and less effective for word reading outcomes (g = -0.33, 95% CI [−0.66, −0.01], p =.05) than for PA outcomes (g = 0.64, 95% CI [0.44, 0.84], p <.001). Conclusion: PA-only instruction can be beneficial for reading-related outcomes, but the effect varies depending on two important contextual factors: 1) the reading outcome type and 2) the comparison condition. Specifically, PA-only instruction might be less effective in improving word reading outcomes than PA outcomes. In addition, it has less of an effect on reading-related outcomes when compared to print-based instruction like phonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Awareness structures by Fagin, Halpern (Artif Intell 34:39–76, 1988) (FH) feature a syntactic awareness correspondence and accessibility relations modeling implicit knowledge. They are a flexible model of unawareness, and best interpreted from an outside modeler’s perspective. Unawareness structures by Heifetz et al. (J Econ Theory, 130:78–94, 2006, Games Econ Behav 62:305–324, 2008) (HMS) model awareness by a lattice of state spaces and explicit knowledge via possibility correspondences. Sublattices thereof can be interpreted as subjective views of agents. Open questions include (1) how implicit knowledge can be defined in HMS structures, and (2) in which way FH structures can be extended to model the agents’ subjective views. In this paper, we address (1) by defining implicit knowledge such that it is consistent with explicit knowledge in HMS models. We also introduce a variant of HMS models that instead of explicit knowledge, takes implicit knowledge and awareness as primitives. Further, we address (2) by introducing a category of FH models that are modally equivalent relative to sublanguages and can be interpreted as agents’ subjective views depending on their awareness. These constructions allow us to show an equivalence between HMS and FH models. As a corollary, we obtain soundness and completeness of HMS models with respect to the Logic of Propositional Awareness, based on a language featuring both implicit and explicit knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Metacognition, or the ability to monitor and control one's cognitive processes, is critical for learning in self-regulated contexts, particularly in introductory STEM courses. The ability to accurately make predictions about one's ability and performance can determine the effectiveness in which students effectively prepare for exams and employ good study strategies. The Dunning-Kruger pattern, where low-performing individuals are more overconfident and less accurate at the ability to predict their performance than high-performing individuals, is robustly found in studies examiningmetacognitivemonitoring. The extent to which the Dunning-Kruger pattern can be explained by the lack of metacognitive awareness is not yet established in the literature. In other words, it is unclear from prior work whether low-performing students are "unskilled and unaware" or simply "unskilled but subjectively aware." In addition, arguments about whether this pattern is a psychological phenomenon or a statistical artifact of the measurement of metacognition can be found in the literature. Methods: Students enrolled in three different physics courses made predictions about their exam scores immediately before and after taking each of the three exams in the course. Student predictions were compared to their exam scores to exam metacognitive accuracy. A new method for examining the cause of the Dunning-Kruger effect was tested by examining how students adjust their metacognitive predictions after taking exams. Results: In all contexts low-performing students were more overconfident and less accurate at making metacognitive predictions than high-performing students. In addition, these students were less able to efficiently adjust their metacognitive predictions after taking an exam. Discussion: The results of the study provide evidence for the Dunning-Kruger effect being a psychological phenomenon. In addition, findings from this study align with the position that the skills needed to accurately monitor one's performance are the same as those needed for accurate performance in the first place, thus providing support for the "unskilled and unaware" hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding public attitudes toward China's carbon neutrality goal is important to inform policy-making and mobilize climate actions. This article investigates public awareness, policy support, and confidence regarding the carbon neutrality goal based on a 2022 survey of 4,162 people across China. We find high awareness, support, and confidence in achieving the goal while analyzing differences in responses by gender, age, location, education, income, occupation, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploding employee demands on mental health services and the under‐utilised employee assistance programmes (EAPs) stand in stark contrast. Despite widespread coverage and awareness of EAPs, their low utilisation rates have marginalised them in organisations' human resource strategies. This study explores why employees are resistant to using EAPs from the perspective of dynamic contention, drawing on insights from labour process theory. Through a critical review of the literature, it yields a picture of neither perfect managerial control nor condition‐altering resistance in EAPs. In addition, despite their potential to mediate between labour and management, EAPs often align too closely with management, fail to provide avenues for employee input, and struggle to adapt to changing work dynamics. The study concludes with suggestions for effectively leveraging EAPs' constructive broker role to strategically bridge labour and management and address their under‐utilisation and marginalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the awareness, attitude, and acceptance of the Post Placental Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD) as an immediate long‐acting contraceptive method among Jordanian women. Methods: A cross‐sectional observational study was conducted at King Abdulla University Hospital among women attending antenatal clinics after 20 weeks of gestation between January 2020 and May 2021. One thousand and 30 women had completed a structured questionnaire in Arabic. Results: Only 41.4% of the sample was aware of the PPIUCD. The attitude toward PPIUCD after a brief introduction was 56.3%. Women who had used interval IUCD were 5.82 times more likely to express a positive attitude toward PPIUCD, while postgraduate women were 1.35 times more prone to show the same attitude. Only 34% accepted PPIUCD if offered, whereas the main barrier to acceptance was the false fear of extra complications in 34.5% of the sample. The rate of unintended current pregnancy was 35.8%, where 53.4% were using natural methods. Conclusions: The rate of awareness of PPIUCD is low among women in Jordan. Antenatal introduction encourages attitude toward PPIUCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epiphenomenalism is the thesis that though physical events may cause mental events, those mental events never cause physical events. In this paper, I will be concerned with the claim that our thoughts, intentions, and awareness play no causal role in producing actions. Though epiphenomenalism has been defended with a priori philosophical arguments, the majority of the support that it has gained in recent years has come from advances in neuroscience. At the center of these experiments is the Libet paradigm that aims to show that our actions are initiated by unconscious brain processes prior to our awareness of the intention or decision to perform the corresponding actions. It has been widely suggested that these studies support the view that consciousness is epiphenomenal, and if Libet-style experiments support this conclusion, the results have direct implications for free will. I argue by way of a dilemma that any study that relies on reports of subjects' awareness in its methodology cannot be used to support epiphenomenalism because the experimenters would have to rule out the possibility that consciousness plays a causal role in order to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the implications of unawareness for tort law. We study cases where injurers and victims initially are unaware that some acts can yield harmful consequences, or that some acts or harmful consequences are even possible, but later become aware. We model unawareness by Reverse Bayesianism. We compare the two basic liability rules of Anglo‐American tort law, negligence and strict liability, and argue that negligence has an important advantage over strict liability in a world with unawareness—negligence, through the stipulation of due care standards, spreads awareness about the updated probability of harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess the public’s knowledge of stroke before and after viewing an educational video about stroke risk factors, preventive measures, and alarming signs. Methods: A single-arm interventional study was conducted in Lebanon using a 3-minute video-based education about stroke. A pre- and post-structured questionnaire compared the level of knowledge about stroke. Results: The study included 685 participants. Knowledge of stroke, risk factors, warning signs, treatment, and preventive measures significantly increased post-educational video sessions. A higher baseline knowledge score was associated with a family history of stroke (Beta = 1.76) and being a healthcare professional (Beta = 3.35). Participants between 25 and 34 years (Beta=-1.39) and those with a high risk of stroke (Beta=-1.03) were significantly associated with a lower knowledge score. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a video-based educational tool to raise awareness about stroke. Short, targeted audio-visual resources using lay language can convey health education messages and influence behavioral changes. The community can benefit from a large-scale educational campaign that targets different socio-economic statuses to enhance knowledge of stroke and save lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the emerging dermatophyte fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VII (TMVII), which is associated with tinea infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Topics include the clinical characteristics and treatment of TMVII infections, recent cases diagnosed in New York City among men who have sex with men, and public health implications regarding the need for awareness and education among healthcare providers.

Study skills are important for success in college. However, students may not be aware of or willing to use effective strategies such as spaced practice and self-testing. This replication-extension study of Susser and McCabe (Susser and McCabe in Instr Sci 41:345–363, 2013) supports their original findings regarding spaced practice and extends the investigation to self-testing. Using the same survey method as the previous researchers, we found that college students showed awareness of the efficacy of spaced practice over massed practice and reported using it in ideal situations. Students reported greater use of spaced studying when a test was difficult, more heavily weighted, or over material of future use. Greater metacognitive self-regulation and elaboration was related to greater reported use of spaced practice. Extending beyond the original study to look self-testing, students were aware of the usefulness of self-testing. Similar to spaced practice, students reported being more likely to use self-testing for more difficult tests and heavily weighted tests. Those with greater metacognitive self-regulation were also more likely to report greater use of self-testing, although greater elaboration was not correlated with reported use of self-testing. Students with a higher GPA were also more likely to report spaced studying and self-testing. Findings suggest that students do know about some effective study strategies. Use of effective strategies may be helpful but students do not report using them in all settings. Educators may be interested in creating circumstances that encourage students to use effective strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) have significantly advanced infertility treatment worldwide. However their availability and use in sub-Saharan Africa, remains limited although infertility is highly prevalent, with significant psycho-social challenges including stigma. This study assessed the awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of ART among non-medical tertiary students in Ghana. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among non-medical students in tertiary institutions in Ghana. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered to both post-graduate and undergraduate students after obtaining informed consent. Ethical approval was obtained from the Review Board at Community Health Department of the University of Ghana Medical School. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS (version-27) and the results presented using frequency tables, graphs, and charts. significance was P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 196 participants from the two largest universities and other tertiary institutions in Ghana took part in this study. Majority (63.5%) of respondents demonstrated awareness on ART services, but 60.3% showed poor knowledge of the types of ART. Males generally exhibited lower knowledge of ART services compared to females, and knowledge of ART services showed an inverse relationship with age. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) was the most widely recognized and recommended ART technique, known by 65.1% of respondents who were aware of the types of ART. Most participants expressed reluctance to accept or recommend gamete donation due to religious reasons, fear of complications, and a preference for conventional means of procreation. Conclusion: The majority of tertiary students in Ghana are aware of ART for infertility treatment however, many are hesitant toward donor-gamete treatment protocols. Fear of complications and related costs pose major barriers to considering ART among the respondents. Participants unanimously suggested government subsidies and the inclusion of ART under the national health insurance coverage package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]