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This article explores the authors' personal experiences with submitting a manuscript on "woke organizations" to the Academy of Management Perspectives (AMP). The authors express surprise at the lack of feedback they received compared to other participants and discuss the criticisms and challenges they faced during the workshop and review process. They raise concerns about the fairness and integrity of the review process and emphasize their commitment to providing diverse perspectives in the symposium. The authors also discuss issues of bias, lack of understanding, and mistreatment they encountered during the review and publication process, calling for greater transparency, representativeness, and inclusion in journal processes. [Extracted from the article]

As organizations are increasingly expressing their value for diversity and investing in efforts to create more equitable and inclusive workplaces and societies, such efforts have become scrutinized by critics. Often disparaged as being "woke," firms have been stigmatized for public support of social initiatives. Much criticism derives from skepticism regarding organizations' true motivation for engaging in social activism, which some consider antithetical to business purposes. More specifically, an awareness of, and active attention to, social issues are posited to derive from firms' interests in creating an appearance of social consciousness to acquire resources or boost their own reputations. Drawing upon impression management theory, we explore performativity (i.e., inauthentic or insincere activity designed to make a positive impression on others) in diversity management. We present a typology for examining how organizational investment in and communication of diversity management influence stakeholder impressions and other outcomes. We also consider enabling conditions that may alter the likelihood of performativity in their actions. Based thereon, we offer a research agenda for examining impression management as a motivation for diversity management and understanding variability in firm approaches. We offer practice recommendations for engaging in diversity management to activate positive change and transform organizational structures and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) demonstrate reduced spinal reflex modulation and corticospinal excitability of the soleus, which may contribute to decreased balance performance. Objective: To determine the effects of a single session of balance training on Spinal-reflexive excitability modulation and corticospinal excitability in those with CAI. Design: Randomized controlled trials. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Thirty participants with CAI were randomly assigned to the balance training (BAL) or control (CON) group. Main Outcome Measures: Modulation of soleus spinal-reflexive excitability was measured by calculating relative change in normalized Hoffmann reflexes (ratio of the H-reflex to the M-wave) from prone to single-leg standing. Corticospinal excitability was assessed during single-leg stance using transcranial magnetic stimulation, outcomes of which included active motor threshold (AMT), motor evoked potential, and cortical silent period (CSP). Balance performance was measured with center of pressure velocity in anterior to posterior and medial to lateral directions. Separate 2x2 repeated-measures analyses of variance were employed to determine the effect of group (BAL and CON) and time (baseline and posttraining) on each dependent variable. Results: There were significant group by time interactions in the modulation of soleus spinal-reflexive excitability (F1.27 = 4.763, P=-04); CSP at 100% AMT (F F1.27 = 4.727, P = .04); and CSP at 120% AMT (F F1.27 16.057, f < .01). A large effect size suggests increased modulation of spinal-reflexive excitability (d = 0.81 [0.03 to 1.54]) of the soleus in BAL compared with CON at posttest, while CSP at 100% (d = 0.95 [0.17 to 1.70]) and 120% AMT (d = 1.10 [0.29 to 1.84]) was reduced in BAL when compared with CON at posttest. Conclusion: After a single session of balance training, individuals with CAI initiated increases in spinal reflex modulation and corticospinal excitability of the soleus. Thus, individuals with CAI who undergo balance training exhibit positive neural adaptations that are linked to improvements in balance performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Three leading neurobiological hypotheses about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) propose underconnectivity between brain regions, atypical function of the amygdala, and generally higher variability between individuals with ASD than between neurotypical individuals. Past work has often failed to generalize, because of small sample sizes, unquantified data quality, and analytic flexibility. This study addressed these limitations while testing the above three hypotheses, applied to amygdala functional connectivity. Methods: In a comprehensive preregistered study, the three hypotheses were tested in a subset (N=488 after exclusions; N=212 with ASD) of the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange data sets. The authors analyzed resting-state functional connectivity (FC) from functional MRI data from two anatomically defined amygdala subdivisions, in three hypotheses with respect to magnitude, pattern similarity, and variability, across different anatomical scales ranging from whole brain to specific regions and networks. Results: A Bayesian approach to hypothesis evaluation produced inconsistent evidence in ASD for atypical amygdala FC magnitude, strong evidence that the multivariate pattern of FC was typical, and no consistent evidence of increased interindividual variability in FC. The results strongly depended on analytic choices, including preprocessing pipeline for the neuroimaging data, anatomical specificity, and subject exclusions. Conclusions: A preregistered set of analyses found no reliable evidence for atypical functional connectivity of the amygdala in autism, contrary to leading hypotheses. Future studies should test an expanded set of hypotheses across multiple processing pipelines, collect deeper data per individual, and include a greater diversity of participants to ensure robust generalizability of findings on amygdala FC in ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective outcome reporting can result in overestimation of treatment effects, research waste, and reduced openness and transparency. This review aimed to examine selective outcome reporting in trials of behavioural health interventions and determine potential outcome reporting bias. A review of nine health psychology and behavioural medicine journals was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials of behavioural health interventions published since 2019. Discrepancies in outcome reporting were observed in 90% of the 29 trials with corresponding registrations/protocols. Discrepancies included 72% of trials omitting prespecified outcomes; 55% of trials introduced new outcomes. Thirty-eight percent of trials omitted prespecified and introduced new outcomes. Three trials (10%) downgraded primary outcomes in registrations/protocols to secondary outcomes in final reports; downgraded outcomes were not statistically significant in two trials. Five trials (17%) upgraded secondary outcomes to primary outcomes; upgraded outcomes were statistically significant in all trials. In final reports, three trials (7%) omitted outcomes from the methods section; three trials (7%) introduced new outcomes in results that were not in the methods. These findings indicate that selective outcome reporting is a problem in behavioural health intervention trials. Journal- and trialist-level approaches are needed to minimise selective outcome reporting in health psychology and behavioural medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a hindbrain malformation characterized by a missing cerebellar vermis with apposition or fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. The present clinical case report provides a comprehensive, longitudinal overview of cognitive and affective manifestations in a 22-year-old patient with RES. The patient shows clinical signs of emotional reactivity and dysregulation, impulsivity, and impairments in executive functioning since early childhood. These features fit the constellation of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in patients with congenital and acquired abnormalities of the posterior vermis. It is proposed that patients with RES may show affective and cognitive difficulties which increase their vulnerability to psychological stress and risk of developing mental health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Respectful maternity care includes shared decision‐making (SDM). However, research on SDM is lacking from the intrapartum period and instruments to measure it have only recently been developed. TeamBirth is a quality improvement initiative that uses team huddles to improve SDM during labor and birth. Team huddles are structured meetings including the patient and full care team when the patient's preferences, care plans, and expectations for when the next huddle will occur are reviewed. Methods: We used patient survey data (n = 1253) from a prospective observational study at four U.S. hospitals to examine the relationship between TeamBirth huddles and SDM. We measured SDM using the Mother's Autonomy in Decision‐Making (MADM) scale. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between any exposure to huddles and the MADM score and between the number of huddles and the MADM score. Results: In our multivariable model, experiencing a huddle was significantly associated with a 3.13‐point higher MADM score. When compared with receiving one huddle, experiencing 6+ huddles yielded a 3.64‐point higher MADM score. Discussion: Patients reporting at least one TeamBirth huddle experienced significantly higher SDM, as measured by the MADM scale. Our findings align with prior research that found actively involving the patient in their care by creating structured opportunities to discuss preferences and choices enables SDM. We also demonstrated that MADM is sensitive to hospital‐based quality improvement, suggesting that future labor and birth interventions might adopt MADM as a patient‐reported experience measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: There is limited information about the clinical utility of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel testing to inform decision making for patients with advanced solid tumors. The Ontario-wide Cancer Targeted Nucleic Acid Evaluation (OCTANE) is a prospective study that enrolled more than 4,500 patients with solid tumor for NGS panel testing. We performed a retrospective survey of medical oncologists to evaluate the impact of NGS testing on treatment decisions. METHODS: Patients and treating oncologists were identified at the Princess Margaret Cancer Center between 2016 and 2021. Tumor-only sequencing was performed using a gene panel of either 555 or 161 cancer genes. Oncologists were asked to review testing results and complete a survey indicating whether NGS testing affected treatment decisions. The primary outcome of this study was rate of treatment change on the basis of mutation results. Patient, test, and physician factors were evaluated for association with treatment changes using univariate analyses and a mixed-effects model. RESULTS: Of the 582 surveys sent, 394 (67.7%) were completed. We found that 188 (47.7%) patients had testing results classified as actionable by the oncologist and 62 (15.7%) patients were matched to treatment, of whom 37 (60%) were enrolled in a clinical trial, 13 (21%) received an approved drug, four (6%) were prescribed off-label therapy, and eight (13%) avoided ineffective treatment. Patient, test, and physician characteristics were not significantly associated with treatment change. There was no difference in overall survival between patients who received matched treatment versus those who did not (P =.55, median survival not reached). CONCLUSION: OCTANE testing led to a change in drug treatment in 15.7% of patients, supporting the clinical utility of NGS panel testing for patients with advanced solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of weightlifting exercises is prevalent in competitive and recreational environments, as well as sport-specific training. Traditionally, weightlifting coaches prescribe specific training loads based on an individual's maximal ability. Velocity-based training offers an alternative method that promises to quantify strength based on velocity and provides information that increases competitiveness through real-time feedback. Various velocity measurement devices are available on the market. Their precision is critical for the adequate implementation of velocity-based training. The aim of the present study was to compare the concentric peak velocity measurements of five of these devices during two weightlifting movements, the snatch and clean, to data collected with a 12-camera motion capture system, which was considered as gold standard. It was hypothesized that the velocity measurement devices used in this study would vary in accuracy based on their retail prices. Velocity readings associated with light and moderate (40% and 70% of one-repetition max) loads were measured for both the snatch and clean performed by 12 competitive weightlifters. A least products regression was used to assess validity by comparing five devices against a criterion measure. A general linear model showed statistical differences in the velocities measured with these five devices (p < 0.001). Specifically, the GymAware RS linear position transducer was the most accurate device, demonstrating no fixed or proportional bias when used to quantify velocity during the snatch and clean. The remaining four devices significantly underestimated peak velocity, which would directly impact the daily planning of lifters' training. Practitioners must consider the error and bias of each device before implementing velocity-based training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare deprescribing rates of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) between children receiving "usual-dose" (<4 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone equivalents) versus "high-dose" (≥4 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone equivalents) corticosteroids for status asthmaticus in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: This retrospective, cohort study included children <18 years of age receiving corticosteroids for status asthmaticus and SUP from 1/1/2017 to 6/31/2022. The primary objective was to compare the number of children that were deprescribed SUP following transition from the PICU to the floor and at hospital discharge between groups. Secondary objectives included a comparison of SUP-associated adverse events (ADEs) (pneumonia, Clostridium difficile colitis, thrombocytopenia, necrotizing enterocolitis) between groups. Comparisons were performed using exact χ2 test or Wilcoxon U -tests as appropriate, with a P value <.05. Results: Ninety-six patients received usual-dose and 57 received high-dose corticosteroids. Eighteen (11.8%) patients were transferred within 24 hours of PICU admission and started on SUP on the floor. Thirteen (8.5%) patients were discharged home from the PICU. The remaining 122 (79.7%) patients were transferred from PICU to the floor and there was no statistical difference for continuation of SUP on the floor between usual-dose versus high-dose group, 58 (76.3%) versus 31 (67.4%) patients, P =.282. Overall, 25 of 153 (16.3%) patients were discharged home on SUP, but there was no difference between groups. SUP-associated ADEs did not differ between groups. Conclusions: SUP continuation during transitions of care in this cohort was common. Assessment of SUP continuation is needed during transitions of care to promote SUP stewardship and limit risk of SUP-associated ADEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assess the impact of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) on the high-redshift (⁠|$z\gt 4$|⁠) intergalactic medium using Monte Carlo realizations of QSO populations and the He  |$\rm \scriptstyle III$| regions they generate, applied to the Sherwood–Relics simulations, allowing for uncertainties in the QSO luminosity function, its evolution, and QSO spectra and ages. While QSO luminosity functions based on optical–infrared selection are unable to reproduce the broadening H  |$\rm \scriptstyle I$| Ly  |$\alpha$| optical depth distributions at |$z\gt 5$|⁠ , much broader distributions are found for the higher numbers of QSOs based on X-ray selection, suggesting a large QSO contribution to the ultraviolet background at |$z\gt 5$| may offer an alternative to late reionization models to account for the broad H  |$\rm \scriptstyle I$| Ly  |$\alpha$| optical depth distributions. Realizations using QSOs based on the higher QSO counts also much better recover the measured pixel flux autocorrelation function at |$z\gt 5$|⁠. The He  |$\rm \scriptstyle III$| regions from QSO sources according to both types of luminosity function suppress the pixel flux power spectrum on small scales, |$k\gt 0.02\, \mathrm{s\, km^{-1}}$|⁠ , while enhancing it on larger, both by amounts of up to tens of per cent at |$z\gt 4$|⁠ , with the magnitude increasing with the intergalactic He  |$\rm \scriptstyle III$| filling factor and the boost in temperature within the He  |$\rm \scriptstyle III$| regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During endosomal recycling, Sorting Nexin 17 (SNX17) facilitates the transport of numerous membrane cargo proteins by tethering them to the Retriever complex. Despite its importance, the mechanisms underlying this interaction have remained elusive. Here, we provide biochemical, structural, cellular, and proteomic analyses of the SNX17-Retriever interaction. Our data reveal that SNX17 adopts an autoinhibited conformation in the basal state, with its FERM domain sequestering its C-terminal tail. The binding of cargo proteins to the FERM domain displaces the C-terminal tail through direct competition. The released tail engages with Retriever by binding to a highly conserved interface between its VPS35L and VPS26C subunits, as revealed by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Disrupting this interface impairs the Retriever-SNX17 interaction, subsequently affecting the recycling of SNX17-dependent cargoes and altering the composition of the plasma membrane proteome. Intriguingly, the SNX17-binding pocket on Retriever can be utilized by other ligands containing a consensus acidic C-terminal tail motif. Together, our findings uncover a mechanism underlying endosomal trafficking of critical cargo proteins and reveal how Retriever can potentially engage with other regulatory factors or be exploited by pathogens. Endosomal recycling relies on SNX17 to transport membrane proteins via Retriever. Here, authors reveal the mechanisms of SNX17 autoinhibition and its interaction with Retriever, uncovering a broader family of factors with similar binding strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Social support within Indigenous worldviews is recognized as a component of health and has been associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Physical Activity (PA) is a modifiable behaviour that can help reduce risks of disease and benefit many dimensions of health. The purpose of this study was to compare the physical activity of Indigenous adults in Saskatchewan with and without family/friend support of PA. Methods: The Family Influence on Physical Activity questionnaire was used to record the extent and forms of family/friend support of PA. The Godin Shepard Leisure Exercise Questionnaire (GSLEQ) was used to measure weekly PA, including moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), exercise frequency (WEF) and GSLEQ scores. Results: Indigenous participants overall, First Nations and Cree participants specifically with family/friend involvement in PA reported greater weekly WEF and GSLEQ scores. Indigenous participants overall and First Nations participants specifically with family and friends who watch them engage in PA reported greater weekly VPA and GSLEQ scores. Among First Nations and Cree participants specifically, those with family/friends encouragement of PA reported greater weekly VPA, WEF and GSLEQ scores. Furthermore, First Nations participants with active family/friends reported significantly greater weekly VPA (36.8 ± 51.5 min·week−1 vs. 80.2 ± 108.5 min·week−1; p = 0.01). Greater weekly VPA was found in Métis participants with family/friend involvement in PA and with family/friends who watch them engage in PA (67.6 ± 59.6 min·week−1 vs. 29.5 ± 40.8 min·week−1; p = 0.01). Discussion: Social support, specifically family/friends involvement, has a significant impact on Indigenous participation in PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common, persistent, and is associated with lower quality of life, impaired functioning, and psychological distress in cancer patients. Studies suggest that family caregivers of cancer patients experience equal or greater levels of FCR than patients themselves. In the past 5 years, several interventions have demonstrated their ability to reduce FCR among cancer patients and in patient-caregiver dyads. However, to date, no intervention exists to individually target family caregiver's FCR. The aims of the proposed pilot study are to (1) assess the feasibility and acceptability of the newly adapted Family Caregiver–Fear Of Recurrence Therapy (FC-FORT) intervention to inform a larger randomized control trial study, and (2) estimate the clinical significance of FC-FORT. Initial evaluation of FC-FORT revealed high user satisfaction and usability. Methods: A parallel, two-group, pilot randomized controlled trial comparing FC-FORT to a waitlist control (care as usual) will be conducted. Participant inclusion criteria are (a) women family caregivers taking care of adult cancer patients (no recurrence), (b) experiencing clinical levels of FCR, (c) access to a computer/internet connection, and (d) living in Canada. Participants (n = 36) will be recruited at Ottawa and Toronto hospitals, previous study participant pools, through social media and community partners across Canada. Participants in the intervention group will complete the FC-FORT intervention (7 consecutive weeks of virtual group therapy and homework). Participants in the control group will be offered the intervention after their participation in the study. All participants will be asked to complete questionnaire packages at baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention (7 weeks; T1) and at 3-months post-intervention (T2). Feasibility (e.g., recruitment, allocation, fidelity), acceptability (e.g., dropout, completion, satisfaction) and clinical significance of secondary outcomes will be evaluated (i.e., FCR illness uncertainty). Participants in the intervention group will be asked to complete measures of group cohesion and therapeutic alliance and take part in a semi-structured exit interview exploring their overall experience with FC-FORT. Discussion: This project will evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the newly adapted FC-FORT to inform a larger trial. Trial registration: NCT, NCT05441384. Registered July 1st, 2022, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05441384 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variably Protease Sensitive Prionopathy (VPSPr) is a rare human prion disease that, like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), results in the deposition of abnormally folded prion protein aggregates in the brain and is ultimately fatal. Neuropathology and clinical features of VPSPr are heterogeneous. However, the key discriminating feature is the relative sensitivity of the pathological prion protein to proteinase digestion compared to that typically seen in other human prion cases. Three major fragments of 23, 17 and 7 kDa are characteristic of the disease following digestion with proteinase K. We recently reported the utility of the highly adaptive and reproducible ProteinSimple™ capillary electrophoresis (CE) system to perform protein separation of PK digested prion protein in CJD. Consequently, we explored capillary-based electrophoresis (CE) technology as a sensitive method to detect and characterize VPSPr in a cohort of 29 cases. The unique 7 kDa fragment has high intensity, particularly in cases with the codon 129 VV genotype, but can be missed by regular Western blotting due to the small size. However, this fragment is readily detected by CE in all cases. In addition, the flexibility of CE produced highly reproducible, semi-quantitative data for determining relative proteinase K sensitivity and epitope mapping of representative cases from each codon 129 genotype (VV, MV and MM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased use of antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treatment and prophylaxis necessitates better understanding of their impact on endogenous immunity to vaccines and viruses. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic presented an opportunity to study immunity in individuals who received antiviral mAbs and were subsequently immunized with vaccines encoding the mAb-targeted viral spike antigen. Here, we describe the impact of administration of an antibody combination, casirivimab plus imdevimab (CAS+IMD), on immune responses to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in humans, nonhuman primates, and mice. The presence of CAS+IMD at the time of vaccination led to a specific diminishment of vaccine-elicited pseudovirus neutralizing antibody titers without overall dampening of spike protein–directed immune responses, including antibody, B cell, and T cell responses. The impact on pseudovirus neutralizing titers extended to other therapeutic anti–spike protein antibodies when used as either monotherapy or combination therapy. The specific reduction in pseudovirus neutralizing titers was the result of epitope masking, a phenomenon where specific epitopes are bound by high-affinity antibodies and blocked from B cell recognition. Encouragingly, this reduction in pseudovirus neutralizing titers was reversible with additional booster vaccination. Moreover, by assessing the antiviral immune response in SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals treated therapeutically with CAS+IMD, we demonstrated alteration of antiviral humoral immunity in those who had received mAb therapy, but only in those individuals who had yet to start mounting their natural immune response at the time of mAb treatment. Together, these data demonstrate that antiviral mAbs can alter endogenous humoral immunity during vaccination or infection. Editor's summary: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies and vaccines were both essential tools for curbing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. As vaccines were rolled out during clinical trials for mAb therapies, it offered Petro et al. a unique opportunity to ask how SARS-CoV-2 mAb therapy influenced vaccine responses. The authors found that mAb therapy with casirivimab plus imdevimab, given at the time of vaccination, altered vaccine-elicited immunity in humans, resulting in lower neutralizing titers; this observation was mirrored in data from both nonhuman primates and mice. Encouragingly, booster vaccinations restored neutralizing antibody titers. A similar study in humans who received casirivimab plus imdevimab during SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed that early mAb treatment also impaired elicitation of endogenous immunity. Together, these data shed light on the complex interplay among mAb therapies, vaccines, and infections. —Courtney Malo [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: With kidney transplant immunosuppression, physicians must balance preventing rejection with minimizing infection and malignancy risks. Steroids have been a mainstay of these immunosuppression regimens since the early days of kidney transplantation, yet their risks remain debated. Our study looks at the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing early steroid withdrawal (ESW) vs. steroid continuous (SCI) maintenance immunosuppression in adult kidney transplant recipients. Methods: A retrospective case-control study, utilizing propensity score-matching, was performed using the US Collaborative Network Database within TriNetX to evaluate renal transplant outcomes at one year in first-time kidney transplant adult patients (>18 years old) who were prescribed an ESW regimen (no steroids after post-transplant day 7 with maintenance tacrolimus [tac] + mycophenolic acid [MMP]/mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]) vs. SCI (tac + MMF/MMP + prednisone). Cohorts were matched on demographics, comorbidities, previously described risk factors for rejection, and induction immunosuppression. Primary outcomes included viral infections, pyelonephritis, and sepsis. Secondary outcomes included renal transplant rejection, death-censored allograft failure (eGFR < 15 mL/min), patient mortality, delayed graft function, and diabetes mellitus. Results: A total of 2056 patients were in each cohort after matching (mean age: 50.7–51 years, 17.9–20.0% African American, 60–60.6% male.) The SCI cohort had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of composite viremia (18 vs. 28.1%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) driven by CMV, EBV, and BK virus. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the SCI cohort (3.21% vs. 5.49%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01). Delayed graft function was also higher in the SCI cohort (19.55% vs. 22.79%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01). Pyelonephritis (2.3 vs. 4.91%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) and sepsis (2.15 vs. 5.95%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) were higher in the SCI cohort. Rejection rates were similar between ESW and SCI (29 vs. 31%, ESW vs. SCI, p = 0.41). There were significantly higher incidences of graft failure (4.9 vs. 9.9%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) and mortality (0.8 vs. 2.1%, ESW vs. SCI, p < 0.01) in the SCI cohort. Conclusions: This well-matched case-control study suggests that ESW is associated with lower infectious outcomes, mortality, and graft failure without increasing rejection risk, supporting the potential benefits of ESW in kidney transplant patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participatory science (i.e., "community science" or "citizen science") platforms are increasingly used at every level of ecological and conservation research, including disease monitoring. Here, we used a comprehensive, ground‐truthed mortality dataset to judge how well participatory science data from iNaturalist represented the magnitude, taxonomic, temporal, and spatial patterns of waterbird mortality associated with a mass mortality event following the incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza in eastern Canada in 2022. The iNaturalist dataset was effective at identifying species with high mortality (especially Northern Gannets, Morus bassanus), along with the time period and spatial regions with high concentrations of avian deaths. However, iNaturalist data severely underestimated the magnitude, overestimated the taxonomic breadth, and poorly represented the full geographic scope of disease‐related deaths. Our results suggest iNaturalist can be used to identify the species, timing, and location of relatively high mortality in situations where no other information is available and to supplement conventional sources of data. However, iNaturalist alone can neither quantify the magnitude nor pinpoint the mechanisms of mortality and therefore is not a viable substitute for comprehensive mortality assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the past few years, research focusing on misinformation, referred to broadly as fake news, has experienced revived attention. Past studies have focused on explaining the ways in which people correct it online and on social media. However, fewer studies have dealt with the ways in which people are able to identify fake news (i.e. fake news literacy). This study contributes to the latter by theoretically connect people's general social media use, political knowledge and political epistemic efficacy with individuals' fake news literacy levels. Design/methodology/approach: A diverse and representative two-wave panel survey in the United States was conducted (June 2019 for Wave 1, October 2019 for Wave 2). We performed cross-sectional, lagged and autoregressive regression analyses to examined how social media us, people's political knowledge and political epistemic efficacy are related to their fake news literacy. Findings: Results suggest that the more people used social media, were politically knowledgeable and considered they were able to find the truth in politics (i.e. epistemic political efficacy), the more likely they were to discern whether the news is fake. Implications of helping media outlets and policy makers be better positioned to provide the public with corrective action mechanisms in the struggle against fake news are discussed. Research limitations/implications: The measurement instrument employed in the study relies on subjects' self-assessment, as opposed to unobtrusive trace (big) digital data, which may not completely capture the nuances of people's social media news behaviors. Practical implications: This study sheds light on how the way people understand politics and gain confidence in finding political truth may be key elements when confronting and discerning fake news. With the help of these results, journalists, media outlets and policymakers may be better positioned to provide citizens with efficient, preemptive and corrective action mechanisms in the struggle against misinformation. Originality/value: Recent literature highlights the importance of literacy education to contest fake news, but little is known about what specific mechanisms would contribute to foster and reinvigorate people's fake news literacy. This study helps address this gap. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-03-2024-0140 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperation and conflict are common in plant–pollinator interactions. Flowering plants often entice pollinators to visit by offering floral food rewards, thereby facilitating pollination. However, pollinators such as bees can learn to improve their collection of floral rewards (such as pollen), changing how they interact with the flower's reproductive organs, which together could reduce pollination success. Consequently, complex flowers that slow pollinator learning might benefit the plant. Yet how pollinator learning and flower complexity interact to affect pollination success is unknown. We therefore asked how differences in complexity of 4 flower types (Phacelia campanularia, Exacum affine , Solanum elaeagnifolium , and Erythranthe guttata) affected learning by pollen-foraging generalist bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) and how learning affected pollen collection and pollen deposition on these flowers. We found that bees generally learned how to efficiently handle more complex flower types more slowly. Bees that required more visits to become efficient foragers collected less pollen, with no effect on pollen deposition. Except for the simplest flower type, learning also involved development of motor routines unique to each flower type. Experienced bees overall collected more pollen, but individual differences in motor routines did not affect pollen collection. Conversely, individual differences in motor routines affected pollen deposition, but there was no overall effect of experience. Thus, even though learning overall benefits the bee, it does not alter female (and potentially male) fitness benefits for the plant. We discuss potential reasons for these patterns and consequences for bee behavior and flower evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) exposure has been linked to increased skin cancer in Caucasian (white) populations, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but not basal cell carcinoma (BCC). This study aimed to evaluate and compare skin cancer risks associated with HCTZ‐ and other antihypertensives use. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified patients aged 20 years and older, newly receiving antihypertensive medications between 2004 and 2015. We calculated the medication possession ratio (MPR) for the first 2 years of treatment to determine patient eligibility and treatment classification, whereby only patients with MPR above 80% were included. These were subsequently categorized by the type of antihypertensives they received, namely HCTZ, other thiazide diuretics, non‐thiazide diuretics or non‐diuretic antihypertensives. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate skin cancer risks, and these were then classified as SCC or BCC. Results: Our study included 41 086, 27 402, 19 613, and 856 782 patients receiving HCTZ, other thiazide diuretics, non‐thiazide diuretics, and non‐diuretic antihypertensives, respectively. We found BCC risks were similar when comparing HCTZ with other thiazides (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.54–1.33), non‐thiazide diuretics (0.93; 0.51–1.67), and non‐diuretic antihypertensives (0.91; 0.66–1.26). We observed a higher SCC risk in the HCTZ group, compared to other thiazides (1.24; 0.74–2.08), non‐thiazide diuretics (1.32; 0.70–2.51), and non‐diuretic antihypertensives (1.23; 0.87–1.73), although the confidence intervals (CIs) were wide and crossed the null. Conclusions: We concluded that skin cancer need not be of major concern to physicians when prescribing antihypertensives for an Asian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Stressful life events are associated with problematic drinking, and alcohol misuse has been exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While coping motives may account for this association, positive life events (PLEs) and enhancement motives are understudied. To address these gaps, we examined the associations of history of alcohol use disorder (AUD), negative life events (NLEs), and PLEs with problematic alcohol use and tested coping and enhancement motives as mediators. Methods The sample included baseline and follow-up data from 241 participants enrolled in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol Study. Endorsements of past year PLEs and NLEs and their associations with problematic alcohol use were examined. Among the 202 current drinkers, path analyses tested mediational pathways via coping and enhancement motives. Results The top two PLEs were change in work conditions (21.6%) and taking a vacation (20.3%). The top two NLEs were change in social activities (36.5%) and major change in recreation (26.6%). Individuals with a history of AUD and those who experienced more NLEs reported higher coping and enhancement motives, which were associated with higher problematic alcohol use. Individuals who experienced more PLEs reported lower coping motives, which was associated with lower problematic alcohol use. Conclusions Besides coping motives, enhancement motives were also associated with pandemic problematic alcohol use. Alcohol interventions targeting reward- and relief-driven drinking patterns may be beneficial to individuals with a history of AUD and those who experienced more NLEs. More research is needed to study PLEs which may help inform the development of strength-based alcohol interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying priority challenges of older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is critical to designing interventions aimed at improving their well‐being and independence. Objective: To prioritize challenges of older adults with COPD and those who care for them to guide refinement of a telephonic nurse coach intervention for patients with COPD and their family caregivers (EPIC: Empowering People to Independence in COPD). Design: Multiphase study guided by Baltes Theory of Successful Aging and the 5Ms Framework: Phase 1: Nominal group technique (NGT), a structured process of prioritizing responses to a question through group consensus. Phase 2: Rapid qualitative analysis. Phase 3: Intervention mapping and refinement. Setting: Ambulatory, virtual. Participants: Older adults with COPD, family caregivers, clinic staff (nurses, respiratory therapists), clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners), and health system leaders. Results: NGT sessions were conducted by constituency group with 37 participants (n = 7 patients, n = 6 family caregivers, n = 8 clinic staff, n = 9 clinicians, n = 7 health system leaders) (Phase 1). Participants generated 92 statements across five themes (Phase 2): (1) "Barriers to care", (2) "Family caregiver needs", (3) "Functional status and mobility issues", (4) "Illness understanding", and (5) "COPD care complexities". Supplemental oxygen challenges emerged as a critical problem, and prioritized challenges differed by group. Patients and clinic staff prioritized "Functional status and mobility issues", family caregivers prioritized "Family caregiver needs", and clinicians and health system leaders prioritized "COPD care complexities". Intervention mapping (Phase 3) guided EPIC refinement focused on meeting patient priorities of independence and mobility but accounting for all priorities. Conclusions: Diverse constituency groups identified priority challenges for older adults with COPD. Functional status and mobility issues, particularly related to supplemental oxygen, emerged as patient prioritized challenges. Implications: Patient‐centered interventions for older adults with COPD must account for their prioritized functional and supplemental oxygen needs and explore diverse constituent perspectives to facilitate intervention enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first director of the National Gallery in London, Sir Charles Eastlake (1793–1865), was an Italophile. His favourite Italian city was Venice, where he once thought of buying a second home. The city he knew best, having lived there for fourteen years from 1816, was Rome. However, between 1854 and 1864, Eastlake made twenty-three trips to Milan, meaning that during his decade as director of the National Gallery from 1855, he visited Milan more often than any other place. This article suggests that Milan became a crucial hub for Eastlake, as the place where he connected with individuals who played important roles in several interconnected areas. Milan was significant, first, as an area rich in private collections, offering fertile ground for the discovery of potential acquisitions and a place from where it was relatively easy to export paintings because German-speaking Austria, which occupied north Italy and the Veneto until 1866, was comparatively lax about imposing export restrictions; second, as a place where art-historical knowledge and connoisseurship could be developed; and third, as a leading centre of picture conservation and framing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US Food and Drug Administration recognizes the unmet medical need for antibacterial drugs to treat serious bacterial diseases caused by resistant pathogens for which effective therapies are limited or lacking. The agency also recognizes that designing and conducting clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of drugs to treat resistant infections is challenging, especially for drugs only active against a single or a few bacterial species, and that a more flexible development program might be appropriate. In this article, we discuss several regulatory considerations for flexible development programs for antibacterial drugs intended to meet an unmet medical need. As an example, we use the recent approval of sulbactam for injection and durlobactam for injection (XACDURO) for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia caused by susceptible isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Sepsis care delivery—including the initiation of prompt, appropriate antimicrobials—remains suboptimal. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine direct and off-target effects of emergency department (ED) sepsis care reorganization. Methods: This pragmatic pilot trial enrolled adult patients who presented from November 2019 to February 2021 to an ED in Utah before and after implementation of a multimodal, team-based "Code Sepsis" protocol. Patients who presented to two other EDs where usual care was continued served as contemporaneous control subjects. The primary outcome was door-to-antimicrobial time among patients meeting Sepsis-3 criteria before ED departure. Secondary and safety outcomes included all-cause 30-day mortality, antimicrobial utilization and overtreatment, and antimicrobial-associated adverse events. Multivariable regression analyses used difference-in-differences methods to account for trends in outcomes unrelated to the studied intervention. Results: Code Sepsis protocol activation (N = 307) exhibited 8.5% sensitivity and 66% positive predictive value for patients meeting sepsis criteria before ED departure. Among 10,151 patients who met sepsis criteria during the study, adjusted difference-in-differences analysis demonstrated a 13-minute (95% confidence interval = 7–19) decrease in door-to-antimicrobial time associated with Code Sepsis implementation (P < 0.001). Mortality and clinical safety outcomes were unchanged, but Code Sepsis implementation was associated with increased false-positive presumptive infection diagnoses among patients who met sepsis criteria in the ED and increased antimicrobial utilization. Conclusions: Implementation of a team-based protocol for rapid sepsis evaluation and treatment during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic's first year was associated with decreased ED door-to-antimicrobial time but also increased antimicrobial utilization. Measurement of both patient-centered and off-target effects of sepsis care improvement interventions is essential to comprehensive assessment of their value. Clinical trial registered with (NCT 04148989). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescent girls are at an increased risk of low physical activity and the associated health consequences. Girls Can Move!, an after-school intervention guided by social cognitive theory, was designed to increase physical activity. Purpose: To examine the feasibility and initial effectiveness of Girls Can Move! Methods: The 8-week pre-post intervention provided low-active adolescent female participants with a variety of physical activities led by active female role models. Attendance, weekly process evaluations, and a post-intervention focus group were used to assess satisfaction and feasibility. At pre- and post-intervention, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days to measure physical activity. Results: Of the 17 enrolled participants, 13 (11.7 ±.7 years, 82% Black/African American or multiracial) completed the intervention. The average attendance rate was 82%. On a scale from 1 to 5, participants reported the sessions were fun (4.5 ±.6) and increased their confidence (4.1±.5) and physical activity (4.1±.5). There were moderate-to-large increases in objectively measured physical activity (d =.71). Discussion: Girls Can Move! is feasible and should be tested using a randomized controlled trial design. Translation to Health Education Practice: Girls Can Move! can be implemented in after-school settings with the support of university and community partners to promote physical activity among adolescent girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrodynamic exchange of a protoplanet's envelope material with the background protoplanetary disc has been proposed as one mechanism to account for the diversity of observed planet envelopes that range in mass fractions from |$\sim\!\! 1{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$| for super-Earths to |$\sim\!\! 90{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$| for giants. Here, we present 3D radiation-hydrodynamics models of protoplanet envelopes applicable to gas-giant cores at intermediate distances and a subset of close-in super-Earths in hot or low-density discs. We analyse how hydrodynamic mass and energy exchange impact the formation process. Our protoplanet envelope simulations show an exchange of material bringing the outer |$\gtrsim\!\! 0.4R_\mathrm{ b}$| envelope to steady state. This exchange provides a continuous source of energy, which acts to increase the observed luminosity beyond that inferred from the binding energy liberated from Kelvin–Helmholtz contraction alone – a finding important for potential protoplanet observations. The inner envelope at |$\lesssim\!\! 0.4R_\mathrm{ b}$| remains insulated, however – growing in accordance with 1D quasi-static theory. We incorporate these 3D hydrodynamic effects into an extensible 1D framework with a physically motivated three-layer recycling parametrization. Specializing to the case of Jupiter, recycling produces minimal changes to the growth rate with the planet still entering runaway accretion and becoming a gas giant in |$\sim\!\! 1$| Myr. Even in the inner disc (0.1 au), our 1D models suggest that recycling is not so robust and ubiquitous as to stop all cores from becoming giants. At the same time, however, this recycling can delay a runaway phase by an order of magnitude depending on the inner disc conditions and core mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aboriginal children and young people are over‐represented in the out‐of‐home care system, yet their voices are largely absent in practice and policy decision‐making. This paper presents a review of research that captures the voices of Aboriginal children and young people in out‐of‐home care. Three key themes are discussed: connection to culture, connection to family and participation. This paper argues for culturally meaningful research that honours child and youth citizenship, voice and roles in decision‐making as critical to quality care and positive outcomes. This paper aims to highlight the importance of listening and responding to the voices of Aboriginal children and young people as critical to the provision of appropriate care and supporting positive outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endpoints that patients and clinicians consider important may differ based on patients' preferences and values. Several methods are available to elicit patient preferences in a succinct and methodologically valid manner. Purpose: We conducted a scoping review of methods used to elicit patient preferences in invasive procedures to provide a framework for researchers and clinicians to incorporate these measures into future efforts. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and health and psychological instruments database were searched from inception until September 2020. Articles that examined patient preferences for any invasive procedure were eligible for inclusion. Selection and extraction were completed in duplicate. Preference elicitation methods were identified and summarized. Results: Three hundred ninety-four articles (n = 76,921 patients) were included representing several surgical specialties. Of included studies, 11.7% (n = 46) used both quantitative and qualitative methods, 81.2% (n = 320) used quantitative methods only, and 7.1% (n = 28) used qualitative methods only to elicit preferences. The most frequently employed quantitative method to elicit preferences was simple choice selection, while one-on-one interviews with participants was the most frequently used qualitative method. Preference elicitation was the primary outcome in 74.6% (n = 294) of included studies. Conclusion: There are several methods to elicit patient preferences in surgical research. Qualitative methods are valuable for exploring views and generating consensus statements. Quantitative methods are better suited for assessing relative preferences, establishing preference thresholds, or ascertaining the presence of preferences. The choice of method should align with the specific research objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the core accretion model of planet formation, envelope cooling regulates the accretion of material and ultimately sets the time-scale to form a giant planet. Given the diversity of planet-forming environments, opacity uncertainties, and the advective transport of energy by three-dimensional (3D) recycling flows, it is unclear whether one-dimensional models can adequately describe envelope structure and accretion in all regimes. Even in 3D models, it is unclear whether approximate radiative transfer methods sufficiently model envelope cooling, particularly at the planetary photosphere. To address these uncertainties, we present a suite of 3D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations employing methods that directly solve the transfer equation. We perform a parameter space study, formulated in terms of dimensionless parameters, for a variety of envelope optical depths and cooling times. We find that the thermodynamic structure of the envelope ranges from adiabatic to isothermal based on the cooling time and, by extension, the background disc temperature and density. By adopting a dimensionless framework, these models can be applied to a wide range of formation conditions and assumed opacities. In particular, we dimensionalize them to the case of a super-Earth and proto-Jupiter and place upper limits on the 3D mass accretion rates prior to runaway growth. Finally, we evaluate the fidelity of approximate radiative transfer methods and find that even in the most challenging cases more approximate methods are sufficiently accurate and worth their savings in computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]