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Ultrafine-grained (UFG) high-Mn austenitic steel exhibited unusual discontinuous yielding on its stress-strain curve, characterized by a yield drop followed by a stress plateau, indicative of Lüders deformation. Utilizing the digital image correlation (DIC) technique, a strain-localized region known as a Lüders band was observed to propagate during Lüders deformation. Following microstructural observations using state-of-the-art techniques such as in-situ synchrotron XRD measurement during the tensile test and ex-situ S/TEM and SEM-ECCI, dislocation multiplication, rather than twinning, was theoretically identified as the primary deformation mechanism responsible for the unusual Lüders deformation in UFG high-Mn austenitic steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-35 accounts for up 10% of cervical cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa. We herein assessed the genetic diversity of HPV35 in HIV-negative women from Chad (identified as #CHAD) and HIV-infected men having sex with men (MSM) in the Central African Republic (CAR), identified as #CAR. Ten HPV35 DNA from self-collected genital secretions (n = 5) and anal margin samples (n = 5) obtained from women and MSM, respectively, were sequenced using the ABI PRISM® BigDye Sequencing technology. All but one HPV35 strains belonged to the A2 sublineage, and only #CAR5 belonged to A1. HPV35 from #CAR had higher L1 variability compared to #CHAD (mean number of mutations: 16 versus 6). L1 of #CAR5 showed a significant variability (2.29%), suggesting a possible intra-type divergence from HPV35H. Three (BC, DE, and EF) out of the 5 capsid loops domains remained totally conserved, while FG- and HI- loops of #CAR exhibited amino acid variations. #CAR5 also showed the highest LCR variability with a 16bp insertion at binding sites of the YY1. HPV35 from #CHAD exhibited the highest variability in E2 gene (P<0.05). E6 and E7 oncoproteins remained well conserved. There is a relative maintenance of a well conserved HPV35 A2 sublineage within heterosexual women in Chad and MSM with HIV in the Central African Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A lot of people come to us complaining about erectile dysfunction. These days, even those under the age of 30 frequently deal with the problem of early onset hypertension and diabetes. Material and Methods: The study comprised 70 consecutive patients who were referred from several departments, including general medical outpatient, psychiatry, diabetology, and urology. This study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Sri Balaji Medical College. Renigunta, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India between March 2023 to Jan 2024. Every patient complained of erectile dysfunction for at least half a year. A thorough clinical history and basic blood chemistry were performed on each subject. Results: These are a few instances of venous and arterial insufficiency patterns associated with erectile dysfunction. The individuals' ages ranged from 22 to 65 years old, with a mean age of 44. The average score of the 70 subjects on the SHIM questionnaire was 14.6. About 30% of the participants had no identified risk factors, despite the fact that diabetes and hypertension were the primary causes in the great majority of instances. Out of 70 participants, 56 responded normally to sildenafil and 59 to papaverine. Papaverine found that 21 individuals taking sildenafil had erectile dysfunction, compared to 18 who did not. Conclusion: Tab. Sildenafil significantly increases blood flow to the penile vasculature, according to the study, suggesting it may be useful as an erectogenic agent in penile Doppler studies when paired with self-tactile stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review gives an insight into high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as a new possible binder material for the tungsten carbides, heavy tungsten alloys, and titanium carbo-nitride (Ti(C,N)) based cermet composites. The existing binder materials (for instance, Co, Ni, etc.), produced by powder metallurgy methods, have limited tool bits performance and short service life while mining applications; however, replacing existing binders with more accurate binder material is still a great challenge for researchers. Therefore, the present review is explicitly and precisely dedicated to the finding of the HEAs-based binder materials for the WC hard metals, heavy tungsten alloys, and Ti(C,N) cermet composites to produce high-performance drill bits associated with higher service life in the mining and cutting operations by improving the mechanical properties and tribo-corrosion performance. In this review, the performance of the HEAs over conventional binder materials has been compared and discussed concerning hardness, fracture toughness, oxidation, and tribo-corrosion resistance. The HEA-based binders showed low transformation kinetics and a lack of solubility as compared to the conventional binder. Hence, after optimising the composition, microstructures, properties, and costs of the HEAs-based binder materials, it can be estimated that in the upcoming year, the HEAs-based binder may replace the conventional binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipomas are common benign neoplastic mesenchymal tumours arising from adipose tissue anywhere in the body. Giant intra-thoracic lipoma extending across the anterior mediastinum into bilateral pleural spaces causing compression of the underlying lung resulting in respiratory embarrassment is rarely seen and reported. Giant lipomas of thorax require surgical excision as they continue to grow and cause compressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to in situ observation will be essential in the current and emerging data-driven materials science by taking STEM's high affinity with various analytical options into account. As is well known, STEM's image acquisition time needs to be further shortened to capture a targeted phenomenon in real-time as STEM's current temporal resolution is far below the conventional TEM's. However, rapid image acquisition in the millisecond per frame or faster generally causes image distortion, poor electron signals, and unidirectional blurring, which are obstacles for realizing video-rate STEM observation. Here we show an image correction framework integrating deep learning (DL)-based denoising and image distortion correction schemes optimized for STEM rapid image acquisition. By comparing a series of distortion corrected rapid scan images with corresponding regular scan speed images, the trained DL network is shown to remove not only the statistical noise but also the unidirectional blurring. This result demonstrates that rapid as well as high-quality image acquisition by STEM without hardware modification can be established by the DL. The DL-based noise filter could be applied to in-situ observation, such as dislocation activities under external stimuli, with high spatio-temporal resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to in situ observation will be essential in the current and emerging data-driven materials science by taking STEM's high affinity with various analytical options into account. As is well known, STEM's image acquisition time needs to be further shortened to capture a targeted phenomenon in real-time as STEM's current temporal resolution is far below the conventional TEM's. However, rapid image acquisition in the millisecond per frame or faster generally causes image distortion, poor electron signals, and unidirectional blurring, which are obstacles for realizing video-rate STEM observation. Here we show an image correction framework integrating deep learning (DL)-based denoising and image distortion correction schemes optimized for STEM rapid image acquisition. By comparing a series of distortion corrected rapid scan images with corresponding regular scan speed images, the trained DL network is shown to remove not only the statistical noise but also the unidirectional blurring. This result demonstrates that rapid as well as high-quality image acquisition by STEM without hardware modification can be established by the DL. The DL-based noise filter could be applied to in-situ observation, such as dislocation activities under external stimuli, with high spatio-temporal resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel antenna(s) which are designed and analyzed for base station applications to cover GSM and LTE frequency bands. The proposed antennas are capable to cater the needs of uplink and downlink communication simultaneously. To accomplish this dual triple band inset feed π slot antenna is designed with two π slot antennas in which one is used for uplink and the other for downlink. Antennas are analyzed using high frequency structure simulator for validation of design. The uplink antenna operates in three specified bands: 887–914 MHz, 1.754–1.785 GHz and 2.509–2.562 GHz respectively where as downlink antenna operates in: 932–945 MHz, 1.853–1.886 GHz in and 2.528–2.573 GHz respectively. The parametric studies on patch and slot dimensions are presented. Effect of mutual coupling with respect to spacing between the antennas also reported. Experimental and simulated results are in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work proposes a novel cow-head shaped multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for 5G sub:6 GHz applications, which include N77/N78 (3.3-4.2 GHz/3.3-3.8 GHz) and N79 (4.4-5.0 GHz) bands. The proposed work is designed and developed on a 30x66mm2 size FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss of tangent of 0.002. The proposed design works in the region from 3.3 to 5 GHz, and an isolation above 18 dB is attained. The parametric analysis and surface current distribution are studied for the optimization of parameters, and the coupling between elements is analyzed respectively. The performance of the design is studied in terms of efficiency (⋋ 91:5%), peak gain (3.1-4.6 dBi), and radiation patterns (E & H fields). The diversity parameters (ECC, DG, TARC, CCL, & MEG) are calculated and checked, the same as measured results. Then all the measured results of the fabricated prototype are compared with simulated ones, and they are in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coxsackievirus group B (CVB) is a member of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. CVB infection has been implicated as a major etiologic agent of viral myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, meningitis, and pancreatitis among children and young adults. Until date, no antiviral agent has been licensed for the treatment of Coxsackievirus infection. In an effort to identify antiviral agents against diseases caused by the CVB, we found that ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate (EHX), a volatile compound present in fruits and food additives, is a potent antiviral compound. In this study, we demonstrated that EHX treatment significantly inhibits CVB replication both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, EHX possesses antiviral activity at 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 1.2 μM and 50% cytotoxicity (CC50) of 25.6 μM, yielding a selective index (SI) value as high as 20.8. Insights into the mechanism of antiviral activity of EHX showed that it acts at the step of viral RNA replication. Since EHX has received approval as food additives, treatment of CVB-related infections with EHX might be a safe therapeutic option and may be a promising strategy for the development of semi-synthetic antiviral drugs for viral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this correspondence a small low profile multiband multi-slot MIMO antenna is proposed. The proposed patch antenna covers five bands. Band I covers 2.71–2.82 GHz, band II covers 3.73–4.64 GHz, band III covers 5.14–6.72 GHz, band IV covers 7.52–8.53 GHz and band V covers 8.66–9.41 GHz. It combines many applications into a single device by designing a single antenna that can be operated in multi-bands. The proposed antenna consists of multi-slot radiator with defected ground plane. Proposed antenna is smaller in size 15 × 20 mm2 (0.14λ0 × 0.18 λ0). It is extended to MIMO and mutual coupling is reduced in three bands (III, IV and V) using Defected Ground Structure (DGS). Mutual coupling in the first band (I, II) is minimized using a decoupling element. The proposed MIMO antenna is fabricated and tested. Simulation and measured results are found to be in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to focus on the basic principle of WO3 gas sensors to achieve high gas-sensing performance with good stability and repeatability. Metal oxide-based gas sensors are widely used for monitoring toxic gas leakages in the environment, industries and households. For better livelihood and a healthy environment, it is extremely helpful to have sensors with higher accuracy and improved sensing features. Design/methodology/approach: In the present review, the authors focus on recent synthesis methods of WO3-based gas sensors to enhance sensing features towards toxic gases. Findings: This work has proved that the synthesis method led to provide different morphologies of nanostructured WO3-based material in turn to improve gas sensing performance along with its sensing mechanism. Originality/value: In this work, the authors reviewed challenges and possibilities associated with the nanostructured WO3-based gas sensors to trace toxic gases such as ammonia, H2S and NO2 for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and compact triple-band two-element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna array is designed to provide simultaneous communications for uplink and downlink which covers GSM, LTE, and sub-6 base station applications. The proposed MIMO system is a configuration of four triple-band two-element arrays in which two are used for uplink and the other two for downlink. This compact structure with separate antennas for uplink and downlink provides simultaneous communication. For this proposed structure, the parameters like impedance bandwidth, efficiency, gain, and cross polarization aspects are presented for all the three specified bands. To achieve good isolation, uplink and downlink arrays are placed orthogonal to each other. Further, to enhance the isolation a defected ground is incorporated for the antenna array structure, and isolation strips are provided between uplink and downlink arrays. In addition, for the proposed structure diversity performance with Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and diversity gains are also calculated. The simulated and measured results are in acceptable correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two microstrip antennas with a U-slot on the patch are presented for base station applications to provide simultaneous communications for uplink and downlink, respectively. The intended antennas are expected to operate in triple bands, i.e., to cover GSM and LTE bands. The three designated bands for uplink antenna are from 823MHz to 830MHz for lower band, 1.738GHz to 1.761GHz for middle band, and 2.321GHz to 2.355GHz for upper band. Similarly, the antenna which is designed for downlink operates in three bands from 872MHz to 880MHz for lower band, 1.81GHz to 1.85GHz for middle band, and 2.338GHz to 2.375GHz for upper band. These frequency band(s) satisfy the requirements of GSM850, GSM1800, and LTE2300 bands. Comparisons among designed, simulated, and measured results are presented. Isolation parameters and the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) values of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna in all specified bands are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Simulation is one of the important learning tools when it comes to skill acquisition and as a supplemental tool for training in high stake situations like COVID-19. The aim of this study is to meet the global requirements of knowledge on ventilatory management, prepare and to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching module for non-anesthesiology trainees on COVID-19 patients. Methods: Quasi experimental cross sectional pilot study was conducted with a sample of twenty-six trainees. A teaching module was prepared and validated which consisted of lectures, audio-video sessions, demonstrations with hands-on training, debriefing, analytical-phase and reflection. Pre and Post evaluations from student t-test and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) were used for knowledge and skill assessment respectively and feedback obtained from Likert's score. Results: Pre- and Post-tests had a mean score of 7.42 ± 2.12 and 14.92 ± 2.9 respectively (P value 0.00001). DOPS included 16 point score, in which 23 trainees (88.4%) met the expectations and above expectations as per training objectives. A five-point Likert's score feedback revealed satisfactory and highly satisfactory scores of 100% (ABG), 96.1% (mechanical ventilation), and 84.6% (ventilation in COVID-19 patients). Overall satisfaction for the workshop among respondents was 100 per cent. Confidences of handling scores were 84.5% (interpreting ABG), 65.3% (maneuvering mechanical ventilation), and 96.15% (intubation in COVID-19 patients). Conclusion: A planned teaching module in ventilation management helps to train non-anaesthesiologists more effectively as a part of COVID-19 preparedness. Simulation with debriefing based training to the medical fraternity is the best alternative in the present pandemic and it will also ensure the safety of health care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An antenna which is used for multipurpose like WiMAX, RADAR altimeter and X-band applications proposed. A tri-band multiple-input–multiple-output antenna resonates at 2.9 GHz, 4.3 GHz and 7.7 GHz is proposed. The uniqueness of the antenna is mutual coupling, − 53.44 dB at 2.9 GHz, − 28 dB at 4.3 GHz and − 26.55 dB at 7.7 GHz. It is evaluated in terms of mutual coupling in two ways (1) DGS (2) DGS with Vias. It is observed that mutual coupling using DGS with Vias is reduced further by 12 dB. The ECC of antenna is less than 0.0001 The simulated and measured results are compared in terms of S-parameters, Co-pol, X-pol and ECC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A compact dual band multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna was proposed. It resonates at 5.93 and 7.68 GHz. A 2 × 1 MIMO antenna with edge to edge distance of λ0/25 (f = 5.93 GHz) developed and its performance is evaluated in terms of mutual coupling using three techniques: (a) defected ground structure (DGS), (b) asymmetrical coplanar strips (ACPS), and (c) combination of DGS and ACPS. Results show that with DGS mutual coupling (S21) is reduced by −30.61 dB at 5.93 GHz and −29.5 dB at 7.68 GHz. Using ACPS mutual coupling (S21) is reduced by −27.91 dB at 5.93 GHz and −47 dB at 7.68 GHz. With ACPS and DGS mutual coupling (S21) is reduced by −58 dB at 5.93 GHz and −28.65 dB at 7.68 GHz. Its performance is also evaluated in terms of radiation patterns, VSWR, envelope correlation coefficient, and diversity gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melioidosis which is known to be endemic in South-east Asia and Northern Australia is a treatable infection and is more common than currently appreciated. It is now expanding rapidly to other regions of the world predominantly in the Indian subcontinent. The key for successful management of this disease lies in facilitating rapid and accurate diagnosis by expert personnel and timely selection of adequate sensitive antibiotics. We present here a series of three cases of melioidosis involving lung and pleura along with clinico radiological and treatment details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, two Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) models fed through a pair of diagonally coupled asymmetric L‐slots are incorporated on the ground plane of size 44 X 44 mm2 with a strip line feed underneath the substrate are presented. The proposed DRA‐1 is a triband antenna, resonates at 5.2GHz, 6.7GHz and 9.85GHz with a gain of 5.6dBi, 5.66dBi and 9.8dBi respectively. The bandwidth offered at Circularly Polarized (CP) band by DRA‐1 is 1.95 GHz (6‐7.95 GHz). The proposed second model DRA‐2 operates at 5 GHz, 6.4 GHz, 7.8 GHz and 10.3 GHz with a peak gain of 5.5dBi, 5dBi, 6.1dBi and 7.8dBi respectively. The quad‐band DRA‐2 offers two CP bands with bandwidths of 1.3GHz (7‐8.3 GHz) and 1.2 GHz (9.8‐11 GHz). The multiple operating bands of the proposed DRAs are appropriate for different wireless applications such as WLAN, C‐Band and X‐Band range of frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease involving multiple organs. Most commonly affected organs are lungs, followed by skin, lymph nodes. Hematological manifestations of sarcoidosis are uncommon and may include hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, peripheral lymphopenia but severe thrombocytopenia is very rare. Our patient presented with petechial rash, papular skin lesions and had severe thrombocytopenia. Skin biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation without necrosis with good clinical, radiological and hematological response to oral prednisolone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays everyone needs electronic gadgets in compact size, and single device should accomplish all the tasks. A compact MIMO antenna resonating at multi-band of frequencies is proposed in the current research work. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two elements. The edge to edge separation between the two antennas is λ0/31 and still maintains low mutual coupling levels between the two antennas. The proposed MIMO antenna resonates at 4.75GHz, 5.89GHz, 6.74GHz, 8.25GHz and 9.82GHz. The mutual coupling is reduced by -23.78 dB at 4.75 GHz, -25.71 dB at 5.89 GHz, -29 dB at 6.74 GHz, -32.79 dB at 8.25 GHz and -21.5 dB at 9.82GHz, respectively. The performance of the proposed MIMO system was evaluated in terms of S-parameters, Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and Radiation Pattern. The measured and simulated results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Medicina Interna de Mexico is the property of Colegio de Medicina Interna de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Meckel's diverticulum is the commonest congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. Hemorrhage, obstruction and inflammation are the three main categories of complications resulting from Meckel's diverticulum. Spontaneously perforation of Meckel's diverticulum is very rare and mimics acute appendicitis. We report a case of 26 year-old male, who presented since 5 days worsening abdominal pain predominantly in the right iliac fossa associated with high grade fever. On physical examination his abdomen was distended with guarding and rigidity. A provisional diagnosis of appendiculaire peritonitis was made. Our patient had an emergency laparotomy, where a perforated Meckel's diverticulum and advanced peritonitis were discovered. A diverticulectomy with ileostomy were performed. Heterotopic mucosa of diverticulitis was confirmed on histopathology. The patient made an uneventful recovery postoperatively and ileostomy reconstruction was done two months later.This case report is an interesting and unusual case of Meckel's diverticulum complications and highlights the importance of considering Meckel's diverticulum as a differential diagnosis in every patient presenting with acute abdomen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food fortification is one approach for addressing anemia, but information on program effectiveness is limited. Objective: We evaluated the impact of Costa Rica's fortification program on anemia in women aged 15-45 y and children aged 1-7 y. Design: Reduced iron, an ineffective fortificant, was replaced by ferrous fumarate in wheat flour in 2002, and ferrous bisglycinate was added to maize flour in 1999 and to liquid and powdered milk in 2001. We used a one-group pretest-posttest design and national survey data from 1996 (baseline; 910 women, 965 children) and 2008-2009 (endline; 863 women, 403 children) to assess changes in iron deficiency (children only) and anemia. Data were also available for sentinel sites (1 urban, 1 rural) for 1999-2000 (405 women, 404 children) and 2008-2009 (474 women, 195 children), including 24-h recall data in children. Monitoring of fortification levels was routine. Results: Foods were fortified as mandated. Fortification provided about one-half the estimated average requirement for iron in children, mostly and equally through wheat flour and milk. Anemia was reduced in children and women in national and sentinel site comparisons. At the national level, anemia declined in children from 19.3% (95% CI: 16.8%, 21.8%) to 4.0% (95% CI: 2.1%, 5.9%) and in women from 18.4% (95% CI: 15.8%, 20.9%) to 10.2% (95% CI: 8.2%, 12.2%). In children, iron deficiency declined from 26.9% (95% CI: 21.1%, 32.7%) to 6.8% (95% CI: 4.2%, 9.3%), and iron deficiency anemia, which was 6.2% (95% CI: 3.0%, 9.3%) at baseline, could no longer be detected at the endline. Conclusions: A plausible impact pathway suggests that fortification improved iron status and reduced anemia. Although unlikely in the Costa Rican context, other explanations cannot be excluded in a pre/post comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Universitas Médica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Perfluorocompounds (PFCs) used in semiconductor manufacturing are potential contributors to greenhouse gas-driven climate change. PFCs emitted from plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) chamber cleans can be a significant portion of the total PFC emissions for a typical semiconductor fabrication facility. Previous work adopting octafluorocyclobutane (c-C4 F8) clean chemistries to reduce gas consumption and PFC emissions have been reported on applied materials and novellus PECVD tools. In this study, c-4 F8 was evaluated as an alter- native chamber clean gas on Mattson ASPEN II PECVD tools. A statistical design of experiment (DOE) methodology and tool emission analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were used to develop a low gas consumption and low PFC emission process. This c-4 F8 process reduced the clean gas consumption by 65% and PFC emission by 78%, compared to our current 2 F6 clean with no impact on deposited film properties or process repeatability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study on the investigation of sexual abuse of street prostitutes in the U.S., which eventually lead findings to pornography. The study involves a detailed content analysis of the responses of street prostitutes, which describes sexual abuse in their background, documented a surprising amount of unsolicited references to pornography. Furthermore, the results can neither confirm nor reject the model of pornography, mainly because they are based on victims' responses. However, further research is urgently needed in order to explore the amount of pornography in sexual abuse.

The original version of this article containes a mistake. In the second line of Comment 2, it should read: "It is necessary to note that Schwarzschild metric is static while the rotating metric (which is the subject of discussion) is stationary." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A chloramphenicol resistant strain of S. typhi which caused it very large epidemic of typhoid fever in Mexico in 1972-73 survived in opened bottles of one carbonated drink with a pH of 4.6 for two weeks and in another such drink with a pH of 5.1 for six months. Bottled beverages are potential sources of large outbreaks of enteric disease, and deserve the same type of standards and monitoring its comparable fluids such as milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]