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Freedom of design and the cost-effective production of structural parts have led to much research interest in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Nevertheless, WAAM is subject to design constraints and fundamentally differs from other additive manufacturing processes. Consequently, design guidelines and supporting design evaluation tools adapted to WAAM are needed. One geometric approach to design evaluation is the use of a three-dimensional medial axis transformation (3D-MAT) to derive local geometry indicators. Previous works define the thickness and radius indicators. In this work, the angle between opposing faces and a mass gradient indicator are added. To apply the literature design rules regarding wall thickness, clearance, bead angle, and edge radius to specific geometry regions, features are classified by the indicators. Following a literature suggestion, wall and corner regions are differentiated by the angle indicator. An angle of 65 ° is identified as an effective separation limit. Additionally, the analogy of Heuvers' spheres to the MAT helps estimate a limit of k H − 1 k H + 1 for the mass gradient ( k H : Heuvers' factor). Finally, tests on example parts demonstrate the method's effectiveness in verifying compliance to the specified rules. With a numerical complexity of O (n 2) , this method is more efficient than finite element analyses, providing early feedback in the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A frequently encountered security issue in writing tests is nonauthentic text submission: Test takers submit texts that are not their own but rather are copies of texts prepared by someone else. In this report, we propose AutoESD, a human‐in‐the‐loop and automated system to detect nonauthentic texts for a large‐scale writing tests, and report its performance on an operational data set. The AutoESD system utilizes multiple automated text similarity measures to identify suspect texts and provides an analytics‐enhanced web application to help human experts review the identified texts. To evaluate the performance of AutoESD, we obtained its similarity measures on TOEFL iBT® test writing responses collected from multiple remote administrations and examined their distributions. The results were highly encouraging in that the distributional characteristics of AutoESD similarity measures were effective in identifying suspect texts and the measures could be computed quickly without affecting the operational score turnaround timeline. Report Number: RR‐24‐08 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs), the traditional approach to testing often emphasizes technological parameters, leaving the validation of message content insufficiently addressed. Since the content of these messages is crucial for the correct functioning of C-ITS, this article demonstrates the potential for automated evaluation of C-ITS message content against relevant standards. It leverages our novel tools, Karlos and C-ITS SIM, to facilitate this process. Through detailed laboratory testing and data analysis, the study showcases the effectiveness of these automated solutions in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of message content validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of formative assessment in classrooms, the incorporation of automated evaluation (AE) systems and teachers' interactions with them hold significant importance. This study aimed to investigate the cognitive processes of pre-service teachers as they engaged with an AE system. We developed an unsupervised learning-based AE system, the Scoring Assistant using Artificial Intelligence (SAAI). SAAI calculates scores without relying on predefined labels and generates scientific keywords from student responses to provide constructive feedback. We collected a substantial number of constructed responses from students, and four pre-service teachers evaluated these responses initially without any external assistance and then re-evaluated them using SAAI scores as a reference point. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study demonstrated a strong level of consistency between human raters and SAAI scores. Pre-service teachers also reflectively recalibrated their assessments and adjusted their rubrics to identify students' learning more accurately. This study highlights the practical application of AE in real classroom settings and demonstrates how AE can enhance efficiency and accuracy in K-12 science assessments, thus supporting teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper addresses the challenge of manually grading subjective papers. It examines existing methods and suggests a new approach using computers and advanced tools to enhance the speed and accuracy of grading. Through experimentation, the study assesses the performance of this novel method. The results contribute to automated grading systems for subjective papers. Additionally, this paper proposes a novel approach utilizing natural language processing (NLP) techniques, including WordNet, cosine similarity, and TF-IDF, to automatically assess descriptive answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research is to enhance the functionality of the Evaluator software agent within the Distributed eLearning Center (DeLC), a platform providing extensive support for e-learning activities. This paper is focused on presenting the latest step in the evolution of one software agent (Evaluator Agent), which helps teachers during evaluating students' exams, being responsible for evaluation of short free text answers, provided by the students. To accomplish its job, the agent has its own dictionary, created from a set of words and expressions, provided by test creators for each question of that type, and from the words of each student's answer, marked as successful by the teacher. Now this agent's effectiveness could be increased by extending its dictionary with much larger knowledge base or so-called Large Language Models, made accessible through third party AI, as ChatGPT. Experiments and results are provided to compare the change in agent's behavior after the integration with the AI system. The results presented in this work are from first experiments and are deliberately limited in number to enable manual verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of material characterization, the mechanical properties of polymer foams play a pivotal role in shaping their applicability across diverse industries. In this pursuit, we present a novel approach to standardize and automate the assessment of key mechanical parameters for Expanded Polypropylene (EPP) foams using a self‐developed Python script, made freely available for the scientific community. We precisely determine the compression modulus, plateau onset, and onset of densification strain for EPP foams across various densities. The script's effectiveness is demonstrated through comparisons with manual evaluations and established standards, highlighting its superiority, consistency, and suitability for a wide range of materials and conditions. Moreover, the script enables the analysis of energy absorption, shedding light on the intricate relationship between density and energy dissipation. Finally, our approach was extended to other foams to provide insight on their mechanical properties. The automated methodology ensures accuracy, reproducibility, and efficiency, thereby advancing the understanding of foam materials and facilitating informed design decisions. This research contributes to laying a foundation for the standardized assessment of foam mechanical properties, which could potentially facilitate their effective use in other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntelliHire introduces an advanced automated system to revolutionize candidate evaluation, addressing the limitations of traditional techniques such as biased interviews and manual resume screening. By leveraging cutting-edge technology, IntelliHire provides an impartial assessment of candidates' knowledge, positive mindset, resume content, facial expressions, ethical benchmarks, and language proficiency. This comprehensive method employs diverse components, including contextual resume parsing, facial expressions and personality evaluation, and robust assessments using deep learning models and Machine Learning algorithms. The benefits include reduced bias, enhanced efficiency, cost savings, and refined candidate selection. This research contributes to the evolution of human resources and recruitment strategies, with potential for further development and enhancement of IntelliHire's capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The globally accepted evaluation method for facial palsy is the House–Brackmann facial grading system; however, it does not reflect minute changes. Several methods have been attempted, but there is no universally accepted evaluation method that is non-time-consuming and quantitative. Recently, Emotrics, a two-dimensional analysis that incorporates machine-learning techniques, has been used in various clinical fields. However, its reliability and validity have not yet been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to examine and establish the reliability and validity of Emotrics. All patients had previously received speech therapy for facial palsy at our hospital between January and November 2022. In speech therapy at our hospital, Emotrics was routinely used to measure the state of the patient's facial palsy. A frame was created to standardize and overcome the limitation of the two-dimensional analysis. Interrater, intrarater, and intrasubject reliability were evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) by measuring the indicators that reflect eye and mouth functions. Validity was evaluated using Spearman's correlation for each Emotrics parameter and the House–Brackmann facial grading system. A total of 23 patients were included in this study. For all parameters, there was significant interrater and intrarater reliability (ICC, 0.61 to 0.99). Intrasubject reliability showed significant reliability in most parameters (ICC, 0.68 to 0.88). Validity showed a significant correlation in two parameters (p-value < 0.001). This single-center study suggests that Emotrics could be a quantitative and efficient facial-palsy evaluation method with good reliability. Therefore, Emotrics is expected to play a key role in assessing facial palsy and in monitoring treatment effects more accurately and precisely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Sciences is the property of Faculty of Engineering - Assiut University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electrospun nonwovens are widely applied in biomedicine and various other fields. For control of the manufacturing process and quality assurance Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging is one standard practice. In this study, statistical datasets of 60 SEM images of three nonwoven samples were evaluated using Gaussian fit to obtain numerical results of their fiber diameter distributions. The question of how much effort is required for acceptable imaging and processing is being discussed. As determined here, for reliable statistics, a minimum surface area of the nonwoven has to be evaluated. The fiber diameter should be in a range of approximately 2 - 3% of the edge length of the square equivalent of the evaluated image area, using sufficiently magnified SEM images, in which the fiber diameter is imaged over at least 30 pixels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several studies dealing with the phenotypic variance of the vertebral number in the spinal column of rabbits. According to the literature the number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae varies between 11-13 and 6-8, respectively. The length of the m. longissimus dorsi (MLD) - a valuable meat part of rabbits - is determined by the length of the vertebral column therefore the number of vertebrae may have economic importance in breeding. The aim of this study was to create an automatic counter using computed tomography (CT) images. In the first step, a skeleton binary mask was created using the radiodensity range between 120 and 3071 HU, then the lumbar and thoracic regions were processed by two different methods. The lumbar part was evaluated based on the frequency of the bone voxels along the axial plane. The number of thoracic vertebrae was determined from the number of ribs. The left and right ribs were processed separately. The developed method was tested on CT examination of 40 Hycole rabbits compared to manual evaluation. The results of the automatic algorithm had few errors: in one case in the lumbar region (2.5%) and in 3 cases in the thoracic region (5%). The automated evaluation process takes a few seconds per individual and then the program visualizes the results on a graph. The incorrectly evaluated rabbits are recognizable on graphs and they can be easily corrected with a minimal time investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Use of automated perfusion software has gained importance for imaging of stroke patients for mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We aim to compare four perfusion software packages: 1) with respect to their association with 3‑month functional outcome after successful reperfusion with MT in comparison to visual Cerebral Blood Volume - Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (CBV-ASPECTS) and collateral scoring and 2) with respect to their agreement in estimation of core and penumbra volume. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study (2015–2019) analyzed data from 8 centers. We included patients who were functionally independent before and underwent successful MT of the middle cerebral artery. Primary outcome measurements were the relationship of core and penumbra volume calculated by each software, qualitative assessment of collaterals and CBV-APECTS with 3‑month functional outcome and disability (modified Rankin scale >2). Quantitative differences between perfusion software measurements were also assessed. Results: A total of 215 patients (57% women, median age 77 years) from 8 centers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Multivariable analyses showed a significant association of RAPID core (common odds ratio, cOR 1.02; p = 0.015), CBV-ASPECTS (cOR 0.78; p = 0.007) and collaterals (cOR 0.78; p = 0.001) with 3‑month functional outcome (shift analysis), while RAPID core (OR 1.02; p = 0.018), CBV-ASPECTS (OR 0.77; p = 0.024), collaterals (OR 0.78; p = 0.007) and OLEA core (OR 1.02; p = 0.029) were significantly associated with 3‑month functional disability. Mean differences on core estimates between VEOcore and RAPID were 13.4 ml, between syngo.via and RAPID 30.0 ml and between OLEA and RAPID −3.2 ml. Conclusion: Collateral scoring, CBV-ASPECTS and RAPID were independently associated with functional outcome at 90 days. Core and Penumbra estimates using automated software packages varied significantly and should therefore be used with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Pneumologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined the impact of different forms of feedback on the writing of a group of 82 adolescent students in secondary English classes. During a 6-week intervention, students were randomly assigned to one of three feedback groups: peer feedback on pen-and-paper drafts, teacher feedback delivered electronically through a course management system, and automated feedback generated through computer-based writing evaluation software. Pre- and post-measures of student writing quality, length, and correctness were analyzed, and survey data explored student perceptions of their experiences. Findings indicate that all students, regardless of which form of feedback they received, wrote longer essays and scored higher on holistic ratings at posttest than they did at pretest. Neither language status nor group assignment had a greater or lesser impact on performance on length or holistic quality. However, differences between feedback groups spiked on the proximal measure that examined mastery of particular aspects of the genre being taught. Both peer feedback and teacher feedback delivered electronically had a statistically significant impact on student performance in the genre of open-ended response. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for future research and instruction in the secondary context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern Web sites use several techniques (e.g. DOM manipulation) that allow for the injection of new content into their Web pages (e.g. AJAX), as well as manipulation of the HTML DOM tree. This has the consequence that the Web pages that are presented to users (i.e. after browser processing) are different from the original structure and content that is transmitted through HTTP communication (i.e. after browser processing). This poses a series of challenges for Web accessibility evaluation, especially on automated evaluation software. This article details an experimental study designed to understand the differences posed by accessibility evaluation after Web browser processing. We implemented a Javascript-based evaluator, Qual Web, that can perform WCAG 2.0 based accessibility evaluations in the two phases of browser processing. Our study shows that, in fact, there are considerable differences between the HTML DOM trees in both phases, which have the consequence of having distinct evaluation results. We discuss the impact of these results in the light of the potential problems that these differences can pose to designers and developers that use accessibility evaluators that function before browser processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Technologies / Socialines Technologijos is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pixel-Bit, Revista de Medios y Educacion is the property of Pixel-Bit, Revista de Medios y Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We introduce the Python Experiment Suite, an open source software tool written in Python, that supports scientists, engineers and others to conduct automated generic software experiments on a larger scale with numerous features: parameter ranges and combinations can be evaluated automatically, where different experiment architectures (e.g. grid search) are available. The suite also takes care of logging results into files, can handle experiment interruption and continuation, for instance after process termination by power failure, supports execution on multiple cores and contains a convenient Python interface to retrieve the stored results. Configuration files ease the setup of complex experiments without modifying code, and various run-time options allow for a variety of use cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Web Science framework poses fundamental questions on the analysis of the Web, by focusing on how microscopic properties (e.g. at the level of a Web page or Web site) emerge into macroscopic properties and phenomena. One research topic on the analysis of the Web is Web accessibility evaluation, which centres on understanding how accessible a Web page is for people with disabilities. However, when framing Web accessibility evaluation on Web Science, we have found that existing research stays at the microscopic level. This article presents an experimental study on framing Web accessibility evaluation into Web Science's goals. This study resulted in novel accessibility properties of the Web not found at microscopic levels, as well as of Web accessibility evaluation processes themselves. We observed at large scale some of the empirical knowledge on how accessibility is perceived by designers and developers, such as the disparity of interpretations of accessibility evaluation tools warnings. We also found a direct relation between accessibility quality and Web page complexity. We provide a set of guidelines for designing Web pages, education on Web accessibility, as well as on the computational limits of large-scale Web accessibility evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usability evaluation of new interface concepts often requires a user study to yield valid results. User studies are however a cost intensive method compared to guideline based usability evaluation. In the AUGUR project we conducted a user study to validate a new interface concept, proactive user interfaces. The method for evaluation we used consists of four steps and relies on leveraging existing tools for realizing each step. These tools can highly automate the data gathering step in the usability study and thereby lower the cost for conducting such a study. In particular they allow for remote participation via a web browser. The obtained data can be analyzed to gain insight into the relation of factors to the three subnotions of usability: efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction as defined in ISO 9241. We applied the developed method to evaluate the proactive user interfaces we develop in the AUGUR project. In the AUGUR project we aim at augmenting existing user interfaces with proactive and multimodal features to enhance the overall usability of the application. In this paper, we also present the results of the study that shows that proactive augmentations are beneficial for the usability of a user interface and serves as a case study for the application of the evaluation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]