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This paper proposes an agent-based simulation model with route choice process to predict the crowd behaviours and evaluate the evacuation safety on passenger ships. Tlie model focuses on the behaviours of two common types of passengers that aie not typically accounted for duiing most evacuation analyses, namely, passengers who are not familiar witli the ship layout and passengers who have family members or friends witli them, hi the proposed model, a marker concept is introduced to represent critical routing points of tlie layout and passenger agents make a route choice based on their surroundings and characteristics instead of just following the shortest routes. The simulation model is tested by two small but targeted scenarios and one comprehensive scenario on a ship deck. For ship designers, a more realistic evacuation time is provided to better assess the evacuation performance of a ship, and a heat map of crow'd density is presented to identify possible bottleneck areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to determine the efficacy and the toxicity of low dose weekly gemcitabine with radiation therapy in medically unfit muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. Methods: Twenty-six patients were included into the retrospective analysis. Weekly gemcitabine was administered 75 mg/m with a median dose of 63 Gy radiation therapy. Clinical target volume was defined as the urinary bladder only in conformal treatment planning. Results: Median follow-up was 51 months (range 14-118 months). Complete response rate was 62.5 %. The 5-year local progression-free survival, disease-specific survival and overall survival rates were 40.6, 59.5 and 58.5 %, respectively. Concurrent chemotherapy was continued in 80.7 % of patients without any interruption. Gemcitabine was stopped due to grade 3 thrombocytopenia ( n = 1), cardiac angina ( n = 1), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation ( n = 1) or patients' reluctance ( n = 2). Conclusions: Low dose weekly gemcitabine with concurrent radiotherapy is a tolerable regimen and have comparable outcomes with platinum-based combined treatments in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Prospective randomized trials can help in understanding the safety and efficacy of this treatment specially in medically unfit patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]