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This investigation establishes the solvability of an implicit hybrid nonlinear Urysohn–Stieltjes type (IHU‐S) integral inclusion. Some sufficient conditions are assumed to prove qualitative features for the solution for this class of inclusions. A comprehensive discussion and analysis, including an example and an application, is presented to illustrate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Intermediate filaments (IFs) are a part of the cytoskeleton that extend throughout the cytoplasm of all cells and function in the maintenance of cell-shape by bearing tension and serving as structural components of the nuclear lamina. In normal intestine, IFs provide a tissue-specific three-dimensional scaffolding with unique context-dependent organizational features. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of IFs during intestinal adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).Materials and Methods: Male rats were divided into two groups: Sham rats underwent bowel transection and SBS rats underwent a 75% bowel resection. Parameters of intestinal adaptation, enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis were determined 2 weeks after operation. Illumina's Digital Gene Expression (DGE) analysis was used to determine the cytoskeleton-related gene expression profiling. IF-related genes and protein expression were determined using real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results: Massive small bowel resection resulted in a significant increase in enterocyte proliferation and concomitant increase in cell apoptosis. From the total number of 20,000 probes, 16 cytoskeleton-related genes were investigated. Between these genes, only myosin and tubulin levels were upregulated in SBS compared to sham animals. Between IF-related genes, desmin, vimentin and lamin levels were down-regulated and keratin and neurofilament remain unchanged. The levels of TGF-β, vimentin and desmin gene and protein were down-regulated in resected rats (vs sham animals).Conclusions: Two weeks following massive bowel resection in rats, the accelerated cell turnover was accompanied by a stimulated microfilaments and microtubules, and by inhibited intermediate filaments. Resistance to cell compression rather that maintenance of cell-shape by bearing tension are responsible for contraction, motility and postmitotic cell separation in a late stage of intestinal adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some new applications in geopolymer research concerning hosting hydrogen storage materials have been reported recently. According to this, sodium boronhydride (SB = NaBH4) and ammoniaborane (AB = NH3BH3) could be re-crystallized within a geopolymer (G). In this study an investigation of the thermally induced hydrogen release reactions and destruction products of these new materials in comparison to the behavior of SB and AB were carried out at temperatures up to 400°C. New results are obtained in TG/DTA and temperature dependent infrared absorption (TIR) experiments, where the different materials were diluted in KBr and pressed in pellets. The melting of AB is observed at the same temperature of 115-118°C for AB and AB-G in DTA and TIR experiments. Hydrogen release could be followed using the reduction reaction of NaNO3 added in the pressed pellet starting from about 110°C for AB and AB-G and with a maximum at 120°C in accordance with the first exothermic maximum in DTA. The formation of BH4- anions indicating the formation of DADB ([(NH3)2BH2]BH4]) and NH2 of PAB (poly-aminoborane) are observed at about 110 and 120°C for AB-G and AB, respectively. SB-G shows a temperature shift from about 250 to 300°C in the reaction with oxygen depending on being dried by evacuating previous to the temperature treatment or not. A similar effect is observed for SB, as well, but with a shift of only 10°C. The TIR method conducted on SB using NaNO3 indicates an initial hydrogen release between 200 and 300°C and a more pronounced effect between 300 and 400°C. An increase in NaBO2 could be detected above 300°C. Indications of a possible transient state could be seen at about 1575 cm-1 in the IR absorption spectra between 200 and 300°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]