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Introduction: With the continuous growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) aquaculture, appropriate management of nutrient-rich waste streams from both land- and sea-based production has become increasingly important. Following a circular approach, nutrients contained in aquaculture sludge can be utilized for biomass production of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor. While the potential for upcycling nutrients has been established previously, this study aimed to assess nutrient flows in H. diversicolor fed aquaculture sludge as understanding these will be crucial for optimizing future large-scale production of this species. Materials and methods: We investigated the effect of low and high feed supply of smolt sludge on the nutrient flows of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in H. diversicolor on an individual level. Hereby we assessed ingestion, defecation, excretion, respiration, and uptake for growth. Results and discussion: Nutrient flows differed between the nutrients C, N, and P in the high feed supply group where C uptake for growth was significantly higher than N and P uptake, and N uptake was significantly higher than P uptake. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the low feed supply group. In the high feed supply group, most of the ingested C, N, and P by H. diversicolor was allocated to uptake for growth (76% C, 83% N, 85% P) with smaller proportions allocated to defecation (7% C, 7% N, 11% P) and respiration/ excretion (18% C, 9% N, 5% P). The results from the low feed supply group suggest insufficient nutrient supply as most ingested C was allocated to respiration (84%), while most N was expended on uptake for growth (45%), and ingested P was either taken up for growth (58%) or spent on defecation (34%). Overall, nutrient uptake reflected the smolt sludge composition rather than nutrient requirements for H. diversicolor, which may be a short-term effect and needs to be investigated further. The flow of nutrients was strongly affected by feed supply, as ingestion, defecation, excretion, and uptake for growth were significantly higher in the high feed supply group than in the low feed supply group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway is tied to finding solutions for major ecological challenges connected to salmon lice, escapees, and nutrient emissions from sea cages. At the same time, nutrient-rich sludge from salmon production comprises a valuable resource for the cultivation of lower trophic species using an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) approach. This study aimed to quantify the sedimentation of aquaculture sludge under sea cages of an Atlantic salmon aquaculture site and to qualify the composition of this sludge. Additionally, the study evaluated the hypothetical use of sludge from sea-based aquaculture as a feed source for polychaetes Hediste diversicolor. Using sediment traps, sludge samples were collected under two different Atlantic salmon sea cages, at two different depths, and three different sampling dates. Subsequently, they were quantified, and their composition was assessed with regards to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), lipid, fatty acid (FA), protein, amino acid (AA), and ash content as well as elemental ratios and composition of FAs and AAs. The quantity of collected sludge was significantly different between sea cages, with a strong positive correlation between feed input and collected sludge (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.05). Sampling depth did not affect the quantity of collected sludge in the sediment traps (2215 ± 480 mg DW day−1), and no significant difference in sedimented sludge as a proportion of theoretically produced sludge (12.94 ± 2.16%) was found when comparing the different cages and sampling depths. Furthermore, the composition of collected sludge was similar at all sampling points. The overall nutritional value was lower compared to sludge from land-based aquaculture; regardless, sludge from sea-based salmon production can in theory be considered a potential feed resource to be used for the production of polychaetes H. diversicolor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the study feasibility of a weekly virtual community-based choral singing program and to explore the impact of weekly choral singing on resilience, anxiety, and benefit finding in cancer survivors. Six participants were recruited from the Survivorship Choir (SC), led by a board-certified music therapist and affiliated with a cancer center. Study participants attended their standard 90-minute rehearsals, which were conducted virtually because of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Researchers followed participants over eight weeks, collecting data at weeks one and eight. Five self-report instruments were used and included a researcher-designed Demographic Form. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) is a 10-item questionnaire assessing participants' resilience. The PROMIS: Emotional Distress-Anxiety Scale measured participants' anxiety levels, and the Carver Benefit Finding Scale assessed participants' benefit finding levels. The participant Feedback Form, designed by the researchers, assessed the study's feasibility and effectiveness. High attendance and completion rates demonstrated the study's feasibility. Choral singing led to a statistically significant increase in resilience (W = 0.00, p =.036, r rb = -1.00) between baseline (M = 28.33, SD = 7.20) and week 8 (M = 33.83, SD = 4.88), demonstrating a large effect. While not significant, anxiety and benefit finding trended in a desirable direction with large effects. The present study format was feasible during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study showed that community-based choral singing, even in a virtual format, may positively affect cancer survivorship by increasing resilience and benefit finding and alleviating anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Focusing on circular bioeconomy and finding solutions for managing finite and scarce resources such as phosphorus are issues that need to be addressed across sectors to attain food security. Land-based aquaculture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt and post-smolt results in a large output of aquaculture sludge. These nutrient-rich side streams from aquaculture production constitute a valuable resource for cultivation of polychaetes Hediste diversicolor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of H. diversicolor to upcycle carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contained in aquaculture sludge from Norwegian salmon production. Material and methods: We investigated the effect of two diets, smolt sludge and post-smolt sludge, which were supplied at four different feed levels, on the gain of C, N, and P in H. diversicolor and established uptake rates for the upcycling of these nutrients. Additionally, we examined how different feed composition (type of diet) and supply (feel level) influenced C, N, and P content as well as the elemental ratios of H. diversicolor. Results and discussion: Polychaetes fed with both types of sludge were shown to incorporate C, N, and P from their diets into biomass. Incorporation of C, N, and P in polychaete biomass was highest at the highest feed levels, following specific growth rates. Uptake of diet C, N, and P into polychaete biomass was similar for both diets and across feed levels. On average, C and N uptake rates amounted to 2-10% and 2-15%, respectively, while values for P uptake were lower at 0.5-1.5%. C, N, and P content of polychaetes was not affected by different diets or feed levels while the C:N ratio increased with increasing feed supply. Overall, we found that H. diversicolor can successfully take up nutrients contained in aquaculture sludge and thus can be beneficial for upcycling of side streams from Atlantic salmon production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides the solution of a homogenization model that simultaneously considers the plastic and elastic strain fields in a single analytical formulation. In addition, the authors aim to decouple plastic flows triggered in the inclusions, in the matrix at the interfaces with the inclusions, and in the matrix at a large distance from the inclusions. The authors propose an admissible displacement field containing elastic and anelastic contributions in series. This field provides a new strain homogenization formula in which the plastic deformations in the inclusions, at the interface between the matrix and the inclusions, and in the matrix far from the inclusions appear explicitly. Applications allow to evaluate the pertinence of the approximation provided by this field, and show that this new formulation is able to create macroscopic work hardening while all the elementary phases have elastic‐perfectly plastic behaviour without resorting to expensive numerical simulations (such as mesoscopic finite element modelling). This is the consequence of the simultaneous presence of elasticity and plasticity on the one hand and, on the other, the possibility of triggering plastic flows independently on the surface of each type of inclusion and in the matrix at a large distance from the inclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Main concept (MC) analysis is a well-documented method of discourse analysis in adults with and without brain injury. This study aims to develop a MC checklist that is culturally and linguistically adapted for Canadian French speakers and examine its reliability. We also documented microstructural properties and provide a normative reference in persons not brain injured (PNBIs). Method: Discourse samples from 43 PNBIs were collected. All participants completed the Cinderella story retell task twice. Manual transcription was performed for all samples. The 34 MCs for the Cinderella story retell task were adapted into Canadian French and used to score all transcripts. In addition, microstructural variables were extracted using Computerized Language Analysis (CLAN). Intraclass correlation coefficients were computed to assess interrater reliability for MC codes and microstructural variables. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlations, Spearman's rho correlations, and the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Bland-Altman plots were used to examine the agreement of the discourse measures between the two sessions. Results: The MC checklist for the Cinderella story retell task adapted for Canadian French speakers is provided. Good-to-excellent interrater reliability was obtained for most MC codes; however, reliability ranged from poor to excellent for the "inaccurate and incomplete" code. Microstructural variables demonstrated excellent interrater reliability. Test-retest reliability ranged from poor to excellent for all variables, with the majority falling between moderate and excellent. Bland-Altman plots illustrated the limits of agreement between test and retest. Conclusions: This study provides the MC checklist for clinicians and researchers working with Canadian French speakers when assessing discourse with the Cinderella story retell task. It also addresses the gap in available psychometric data regarding test-retest reliability in PNBIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the associations between patient-provider cost discussions with patient-reported out-of-pocket (OOP) spending and long-term financial toxicity (FT) among adolescent and young adult (AYA; 15–39 years old) cancer survivors. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the themes and quality of patient discussions with providers about financial needs and general survivorship preparation, quantified patients’ levels of FT, and evaluated patient-reported OOP spending. We determined the association between cancer treatment cost discussion and FT using multivariable analysis. In a subset of survivors (n = 18), we conducted qualitative interviews and used thematic analysis to characterize responses. Results: Two hundred forty-seven AYA survivors completed the survey at a mean of 7 years post treatment and with a median COST score of 13. 70% of AYA survivors did not recall having any cost discussion about their cancer treatment with a provider. Having any cost discussion with a provider was associated with decreased FT (β = 3.00; p = 0.02) but not associated with reduced OOP spending (χ2 = 3.77; p = 0.44). In a second adjusted model, with OOP spending included as a covariate, OOP spending was a significant predictor of FT (β = − 1.40; p = 0.002). Key qualitative themes included survivors’ frustration about the lack of communication related to financial issues throughout treatment and in survivorship, feeling unprepared, and reluctance to seek help. Conclusion: AYA patients are not fully informed about the costs of cancer care and FT; the dearth of cost discussions between patients and providers may represent a missed opportunity to reduce costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Description and comparison of bacterial characteristics of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) between critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19-positive, COVID + ; and non-COVID-19, COVID-. Methods: Retrospective, observational, multicenter study that focused on French patients during the first wave of the pandemic (March–April 2020). Results: 935 patients with identification of at least one bacteriologically proven VAP were included (including 802 COVID +). Among Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus accounted for more than two-thirds of the bacteria involved, followed by Streptococcaceae and enterococci without difference between clinical groups regarding antibiotic resistance. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella spp. was the most frequently observed bacterial genus in both groups, with K. oxytoca overrepresented in the COVID- group (14.3% vs. 5.3%; p < 0.05). Cotrimoxazole-resistant bacteria were over-observed in the COVID + group (18.5% vs. 6.1%; p <0.05), and after stratification for K. pneumoniae (39.6% vs. 0%; p <0.05). In contrast, overrepresentation of aminoglycoside-resistant strains was observed in the COVID- group (20% vs. 13.9%; p < 0.01). Pseudomonas sp. was more frequently isolated from COVID + VAPs (23.9% vs. 16.7%; p <0.01) but in COVID- showed more carbapenem resistance (11.1% vs. 0.8%; p <0.05) and greater resistance to at least two aminoglycosides (11.8% vs. 1.4%; p < 0.05) and to quinolones (53.6% vs. 7.0%; p <0.05). These patients were more frequently infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria than COVID + (40.1% vs. 13.8%; p < 0.01). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of VAP in COVID + is different from that of COVID- patients. These features call for further study to tailor antibiotic therapies in VAP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlantic coast of Galicia (NW Spain) is a high‐energy environment where shingle beaches are currently developing. These coarser sediments alternate with sandy deposits which are also considered as beaches typical of a low‐energy environment. The physical association of both types of sediment with contrasted sedimentary significance raises problems of interpretation. The study of four outcrops of fossil aeolianites on this coast has allowed us to reconstruct their evolution from the end of the Upper Pleistocene to the present day. Their chronology, estimated by optically stimulated luminescence between 35 and 14 ky at the end of the last glaciation (MIS2), coincides with a local sea level 120 m below the present one. This implies a coastline shifted several kilometres from its current location and the subaerial exposure of a wide strip of the continental shelf covered by sands. The wind blew sand to form dunes towards the continent, covering the coastal areas, which then emerged with no other limitation than the active river channels. Sea‐level rise during the Holocene transgression has progressively swamped these aeolian deposits, leaving only flooded dunes, relict coastal dunes and climbing dunes on cliffs up to 180 m high. The aeolian process continued as long as there was a sandy source area to erode, although accretion finished when the sea reached its current level (Late Holocene). Since then, the wind turned from accretion to erosion of the dunes and sand beaches. This erosion exposes the older shingle beaches (probably of Eemian age) buried under the aeolian sands, as well as old, submerged forest remains and megalithic monuments. The destruction of sand beaches and dunes currently observed along the Galician coast is linked, according to most researchers, to anthropogenic global warming. However, their management should consider these evolutive issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal is the property of Pappin Communications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Advancements in cancer have increased survival rates leading to a paradigm shift such that cancer is considered a chronic disease, necessitating an evaluation of our understanding of cancer survivorship (CS). For this purpose, a comprehensive literature search was performed, using CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PUBMED from 2000--2021. Drawing from the concepts in the literature, salient factors that affect CS across cancer populations were identified and a proposed model was developed. This paper describes the Cancer Survivorship Model (CSM). The CSM represents predisposing factors for survivors and survivorship's acute, extended, and long-term phases, influencing factors: treatment and maintenance (medical/psychosocial care), well-being, influencing aspects (life-changing experience, uncertainty, prioritizing life, wellness management, and collateral damage), and social relationship factors that impact survivors' symptom burdens and overall survivorship experience (health outcomes and quality of life). A case study demonstrates the CSM utility. Future application of the model holds promise for improving the quality of survivorship and informing research and clinical practice to promote and optimize survivors' outcomes throughout the evolving survivorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study examined colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors' symptom and symptom cluster characteristics (occurrence, frequency, and severity), positive psychology (benefit-finding and post-traumatic growth), and quality of life (QoL), and determined whether positive psychology moderates symptoms and QoL relationship during acute cancer survivorship, time from diagnosis to treatment completion. A total of 117 CRC survivors completed demographics, symptoms, QoL, and positive psychology questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and moderation analyses were performed. Participants reported high QoL (94%, M = 5.15) and moderate-high positive psychology (75%, M = 3.21). Nineteen symptoms and five symptom clusters were inversely related to QoL (p <.05). Positive psychology (M = ~≥3.24) moderated the relationship of QoL (p <.05) with symptoms occurrence (n = 10), symptom severity (n = 1), and with the generalized symptom cluster (weakness, fatigue, dizziness, drowsy, sleep disturbances, and pain). Positive psychology aids in symptom management and improves QoL. Nurses are poised to identify, prevent, promote, and advocate self-management skills to improve health-related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a tip-shaped sample for the atom probe tomography technique offers the unique opportunity to analyze the dynamics of molecular ions in strong DC fields. We investigate here the stability of AlN2+ and GaN2+ dications emitted from an Al0.25Ga0.75N sample in a joint theoretical and experimental study. Despite the strong chemical resemblance of these two molecules, we observe only stable AlN2+, while GaN2+ can only be observed as a transient species. We simulate the emission dynamics of these ions on field-perturbed potential energy surfaces obtained from quantum chemical calculations. We show that the dissociation is governed by two independent processes. For all bound states, a mechanical dissociation is induced by the distortion of the potential energy surface in the close vicinity of the emitting tip. In the specific case of GaN2+, the relatively small electric dipole of the dication in its ground 13Σ− and excited 11Δ states induces a weak coupling with the electric field so that the mechanical dissociation into Ga+ + N+ lasts for sufficient time to be observed. By contrast, the AlN2+ mechanical dissociation leads to Al2+ + N which cannot be observed as a correlated event. For some deeply bound singlet excited states, the spin-orbit coupling with lower energy triplet states gives another chance of dissociation by system inter-system crossing with specific patterns observed experimentally in a correlated time of flight map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate from a theoretical point of view the stability of AlN2+ and GaN2+ dications produced under high static electric fields like those reached in Atom Probe Tomography (APT) experiments. By means of quantum chemical calculations of the electronic structure of these molecules, we show that their stability is governed by two independent processes. On the one hand, the spin-orbit coupling allows some molecular excited states to dissociate by inter-system crossing. On the other hand, the action of the electric field lowers the potential energy barrier, which ensures the dication stability in standard conditions. We present a detailed example of field emission dynamics in the specific case of the 11Δ states for a parabolic tip, which captures the essentials of the process by means of a simplified model. We show that the dissociation dynamics of AlN2+ and GaN2+ is completely different despite the strong resemblance of their electronic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Santiago de Compostela is, together with Rome and Jerusalem, one of the three main pilgrimage and religious centres for Catholicism. The belief that the remains of St James the Great, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ, is buried there has stimulated, since their reported discovery in the 9th century AD, a significant flow of people from across the European continent and beyond. Little is known about the practical experiences of people living within the city during its rise to prominence, however. Here, for the first time, we combine multi-isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, δ18Oap, δ13Cap and 87Sr/86Sr) and radiocarbon dating (14C) of human remains discovered at the crypt of the Cathedral of Santiago to directly study changes in diet and mobility during the first three centuries of Santiago’s emergence as an urban centre (9th–12th centuries AD). Together with assessment of the existing archaeological data, our radiocarbon chronology broadly confirms historical tradition regarding the first occupation of the site. Isotopic analyses reveal that the foundation of the religious site attracted migrants from the wider region of the northwest corner of the Iberian Peninsula, and possibly from further afield. Stable isotope analysis of collagen, together with information on tomb typology and location, indicates that the inhabitants of the city experienced increasing socioeconomic diversity as it became wealthier as the hub of a wide network of pilgrimage. Our research represents the potential of multidisciplinary analyses to reveal insights into the origins and impacts of the emergence of early pilgrimage centres on the diets and status of communities within Christian mediaeval Europe and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked with several neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, either as a comorbid condition or as a risk factor. We aimed to expand the evidence by examining associations with a broad range of brain disorders (psychiatric and neurological disorders, excluding late-onset neurodegenerative disorders), while also accounting for the temporal order of T2DM and these brain disorders. Methods: In a population-based cohort-study of 1,883,198 Danish citizens, born 1955–1984 and followed until end of 2016, we estimated associations between T2DM and 16 brain disorders first diagnosed between childhood and mid-adulthood. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in temporally ordered analyses (brain disorder diagnosis after T2DM and vice versa), adjusted for sex, age, follow-up, birth year, and parental factors. Results: A total of 67,660 (3.6%) of the study population were identified as T2DM cases after age 30 and by a mean age of 45 years (SD of 8 years). T2DM was associated with most psychiatric disorders. Strongest associations were seen with other (i.e. non-anorectic) eating disorders (OR [95% CI]: 2.64 [2.36–2.94]) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (2.73 [2.63–2.84]). Among neurological disorders especially inflammatory brain diseases (1.73 [1.57–1.91]) and epilepsy (1.67 [1.60–1.75]) were associated with T2DM. Most associations remained in both directions in the temporally ordered analyses. For most psychiatric disorders, associations were strongest in females. Conclusions: T2DM was associated with several psychiatric and neurological disorders, and most associations were consistently found for both temporal order of disorders. This suggests a shared etiology of T2DM and those brain disorders. This study can form the starting point for studies directed at further elucidating potential causal links between disorders and shared biological mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adherence to care plans is a major issue in health care systems. Improved adherence has several potential benefits such as ensuring treatment effectiveness and control of chronic diseases. There is currently a lack of tools to maximize treatment adherence in an integrated manner, that is, covering multiple aspects of patients' health continuously throughout their medical care. To ensure better adherence, such tools must meet the needs of patients with chronic conditions as well as those of health care professionals. Acknowledging the health issues associated with nonadherence to treatment, an industry-research-clinical partnership aims to adapt a digital platform--facilitating patient-health care professional interactions--to improve therapeutic adherence in patients with chronic illnesses. The platform allows for exchanges between patients and health care professionals to facilitate the timing of medication use or chronic disease management and maximize patient adherence. Objective: This study aims to (1) identify the needs of patients living with a chronic condition and their health professionals concerning their interactions regarding treatment; (2) codevelop an adaptation of an interactive patient-professional platform that meets the needs identified; and (3) then test the platform and document its effects and acceptability in a clinical setting. Methods: The study will use a creative design thinking process based on the needs expressed by users (patients and health professionals) concerning treatment adherence for chronic diseases (eg, diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure, depression and anxiety, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). A mixed method evaluation research design will be used to develop and evaluate the platform. Qualitative data will be used to assess user needs and acceptability of the platform, and quantitative data will provide the necessary insights to document its effects. Results: Technological development of the platform has been completed. Recruitment for the first part of Phase 1 started in May 2022. The results of this project to codevelop an interprofessional digital platform to increase therapeutic adherence will be relevant to clinicians and managers seeking contemporary solutions that support patient adherence to treatment for chronic diseases. These results will enable optimal use of the platform and identify areas for improvement in interactive patient-health care professional apps. Conclusions: The adoption of an interactive digital platform to facilitate effective exchanges between patients and health care professionals in primary care settings could improve adherence to treatment. The platform tested in this project takes a first step in this direction by ensuring that the technological product is developed according to the needs of patients as well as the health professionals who are likely to use it. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/34463 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular electronic states of the SiO2+ dication have been investigated in a joint theoretical and experimental analysis. The use of a tip-shaped sample for tomographic atom probe analysis offers the unique opportunity to produce and to analyze the lifetime of some excited states of this dication. The perturbation brought by the large electric field of the polarized tip along the ion trajectory is analyzed by means of molecular dynamics simulation. For the typical electric fields used in the experiment, the lowest energy triplet states spontaneously dissociate, while the lowest energy singlet states do not. We show that the emission process leads to the formation of some excited singlet state, which dissociates by means of spin-orbit coupling with lower-energy triplet states to produce specific patterns associated with Si+ + O+ and Si2+ + O dissociation channels. These patterns are recorded and observed experimentally in a correlated time-of-flight map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of increasing evidence of plate interface coupling variability in subduction zones, there is a need to extend the short time window given by instrumental data and to gather data over multiple time and spatial scales. We hence investigated the long‐term topography on Barbuda island, located in the northern part of the Lesser Antilles, west of the Caribbean subduction zone. Following pioneering work using a set of marine terraces on the eastern side of the island, we performed the first U‐Th dating on 10 corals in growth position from the lowest terrace, for which the highest relative sea‐level (RSL) indicator is found at 9 ± 1 m above the mean sea level. We find that this terrace corresponds to the Last Interglacial (LIG) (ages between 122.8 ± 0.3 ka and 128.1 ± 0.3 ka) and we estimate a paleo RSL of 7 ± 2 m above the current mean sea level. The present elevation of the LIG shoreline on Barbuda might imply tectonics as an additional mechanism to eustatic sea level, mantle dynamic topography and glacial isostatic adjustment. East‐west morphological asymmetry of Barbuda and difference in LIG shoreline elevation between Barbuda and Antigua suggest a regional tectonic process. As with the proposed westward tilting from the forearc to the volcanic arc of the Guadeloupe archipelago, vertical deformation on Barbuda could be related to plate‐scale subduction processes. Long‐term uplift of Barbuda might be related to the accumulation of residual coseismic deformation not fully recovered by interseismic subsidence and the corresponding seismogenic segment would extend below the Moho. Key Points: Highest Last Interglacial sea level indicator on Barbuda island is found at 9 ± 1 m above present mean sea levelWe present the first U‐Th ages from corals found in growth position within the Last Interglacial marine terrace on BarbudaBarbuda may record subduction‐related uplift superimposed on effects of various non‐tectonic processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archive for History of Exact Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study uses individual-level wealth data to explore the gender dimensions of asset poverty among the principal adults in Ecuadorean households, the first such study in a developing country. The study departs from conventional practice by analyzing not only sole heads but also partnered men and women heads and show systematic differences by gender, marital status, and household type. Among both sole and partnered heads, women are more likely to be asset poor than men. Further, in contrast to developed countries, asset poverty rates are much higher among partnered men and women than among sole men and women heads, largely because of structural factors that put those in consensual unions at a disadvantage in accumulating assets. The gender gap, however, is much larger among sole heads. In Ecuador, the risk of asset poverty is mainly associated with low levels of education, type of employment, and not having received an inheritance. HIGHLIGHTS This study uses individual-level asset data to explore the extent of asset poverty in Ecuador. Women in Ecuador are more likely to be asset poor compared to men. The gender asset gap is more prominent among sole heads of household. Asset poverty rates are the highest among women in consensual unions. Education, employment, and inheritance significantly explain asset poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social media has emerged as an effective means of information sharing and community building among health professionals. The utility of these platforms is likely heightened during times of health system crises and global uncertainty. Studies have demonstrated that physicians' social media platforms serve to bridge the gap of information between on-the-ground experiences of health care workers and emerging knowledge. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to characterize the use of a physician WhatsApp (WhatsApp LLC) group chat during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Through the lens of the social network theory, we performed a qualitative content analysis of the posts of a women physician WhatsApp group located in the United Arab Emirates between February 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020, that is, during the initial surge of COVID-19 cases. Results: There were 6101 posts during the study period, which reflected a 2.6-fold increase in platform use when compared with platform use in the year prior. A total of 8 themes and 9 subthemes were described. The top 3 uses of the platform were requests for information (posts: 2818/6101, 46.2%), member support and promotion (posts: 988/6101, 16.2%), and information sharing (posts: 896/6101, 14.7%). A substantial proportion of posts were related to COVID-19 (2653/6101, 43.5%), with the most popular theme being requests for logistical (nonmedical) information. Among posts containing COVID-19-related medical information, it was notable that two-thirds (571/868, 65.8%) of these posts were from public mass media or unverified sources. Conclusions: Health crises can potentiate the use of social media platforms among physicians. This reflects physicians' tendency to turn to these platforms for information sharing and community building purposes. However, important questions remain regarding the accuracy and credibility of the information shared. Our findings suggest that the training of physicians in social media practices and information dissemination may be needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tracking‐integrated hybrid micro‐concentrator module is presented that can harvest direct, diffuse, and albedo irradiance components. It uses biconvex 180× lens arrays to concentrate direct light on high‐efficiency III–V solar cells (29% module efficiency has been demonstrated outdoors on direct sunlight at Concentrator Standard Test Conditions) and a planar micro‐tracking mechanism to allow installation in static frames. Two architectures have been developed to harvest diffuse irradiance: (1) a hybrid architecture where the backplane is covered with monofacial or bifacial Si cells; (2) a translucent architecture where diffuse light is transmitted through the module for dual‐land‐use applications, such as agrivoltaics. Simulations show that the hybrid architecture provides an excess of yearly energy production compared to 20% efficiency flat‐plate photovoltaic (PV) module in all locations studied, including those with a low direct normal irradiance (DNI) content, and up to 38% advantage in high‐DNI locations. The use of bifacial heterojunction and interdigitated back‐contact Si cells has been explored for the glass–Si–glass backplane laminate to harvest albedo light. Bifacial gains modeled can boost energy yield by about 30% in the best scenario. We discuss the perspectives of the translucent modules for dual‐land‐use applications as well, such as integration in greenhouses for agriculture‐integrated PV (agrivoltaics). This architecture can provide up to 47% excess electricity compared to a spaced reference Si array that transmits the same amount of solar photosynthetically active radiation for crop production. The HIPERION consortium funded by the European H2020 program is making an intensive effort to take this technology to the industrial scale. A static tracking‐integrated hybrid micro‐concentrator module is presented that can harvest direct, diffuse, and albedo irradiance components. A high‐efficiency CPV submodule (29% CSTC) is combined with a Si backplane to harvest diffuse irradiance and provide an energy gain up to 38% compared to standard Si. Alternatively, a translucent backplane can be used to transmit light through the module for dual‐land‐use applications, such as agrivoltaics, where tracking can provide dynamic control of the solar dose to optimize crop yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viscous fluid exiting a long horizontal circular pipe develops a complex structure comprising a primary jet above and a smaller secondary jet below with a thin fluid curtain connecting them. We present here a combined experimental, theoretical, and numerical study of this "Torricelli's curtain" phenomenon, focusing on the factors that control its morphology. The dimensional parameters that define the problem are the pipe radius a; the mean exit velocity U of the fluid; the gravitational acceleration g; and the fluid's density ρ, kinematic viscosity ν, and coefficient of surface tension γ. Rescaling of experimentally measured trajectories of the primary and secondary jets using a for the vertical coordinate and L D = U (a / g) 1 / 2 for the horizontal coordinate x collapses the data onto universal curves for x < 10 L D . We propose a theoretical model for the curtain in which particle trajectories result from the composition of two motions: a horizontal component corresponding to the evolving axial velocity profile of an axisymmetric viscous jet and a vertical component due to free fall under gravity. The model predicts well the trajectory of the primary jet, but somewhat less well that of the secondary jet. We suggest that the remaining discrepancy may be explained by surface tension-driven (Taylor–Culick) retraction of the secondary jet. Finally, direct numerical simulation reveals recirculating "Dean" vortices in vertical sections of the primary jet, placing Torricelli's curtain firmly within the context of flow in curved pipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aphasia often restricts participation. People living with aphasia (PLWA) engage in fewer activities, which leads to fewer interactions than before aphasia. Analyses of interactions with non-familiar people in activities of daily life could provide knowledge about how to integrate these situations in rehabilitation and facilitate ongoing PLWA participation post-rehabilitation. This qualitative study is the first to examine how PLWA make their requests understood in service encounters despite aphasia. Six people living with moderate or severe aphasia were video-recorded in situations of service encounters, e.g., pharmacies, specialised shops, restaurants, and others. We identified fifty-nine occurrences with one or several difficulties in the formulation of the request. They were examined, including the clerks' responses and ensuing interaction using multimodal conversation analysis. Results showed that PLWA used nonverbal communication within the physical environment and the context of the interaction to support verbal production. In the majority of situations, the clerks understood the request promptly. In other situations, they both collaborated to achieve a clear understanding of the request. Moreover, the findings attest to the competence of people living with moderate or severe aphasia in engaging in service encounters and add to the knowledge base about interaction and social participation in aphasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Behavioral tasks focusing on different subdomains of reward processing may provide more objective and quantifiable measures of anhedonia and impaired motivation compared with clinical scales. Typically, single tasks are used in relatively small studies to compare cases and controls in one indication, but they are rarely included in larger multisite trials. This is due to limited systematic standardization as well as the challenges of deployment in international studies and stringent adherence to the high regulatory requirements for data integrity. The Reward Task Optimization Consortium (RTOC) was formed to facilitate operational implementation of reward processing tasks, making them suitable for use in future large-scale, international, multisite drug development studies across multiple indications. The RTOC clinical study aims to conduct initial optimization of a set of tasks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or schizophrenia (SZ). Methods: We will conduct a multicenter study across four EU countries. Participants (MDD = 37, SZ = 37, with ≤80 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers) will attend a study visit comprising screening, self-report and clinically rated assessments of anhedonia and symptom severity, and three reward processing tasks; specifically, the Grip Strength Effort task, the Doors task, and the Reinforcement Learning Working Memory task. The Grip Strength Effort and Doors tasks include simultaneous electroencephalography/event-related potential recordings. Outcomes will be compared using a two-way group design of MDD and SZ with matched controls, respectively. Further analyses will include anhedonia assessment scores as covariates. Planned analyses will assess whether our findings replicate previously published data, and multisite deployment will be evaluated through assessments of quality and conduct. A subset of participants will complete a second visit, to assess test–retest reliability of the task battery. Discussion: This study will evaluate the operational deployment of three reward processing tasks to the regulatory standards required for use in drug development trials. We will explore the potential of these tasks to differentiate patients from controls and to provide a quantitative marker of anhedonia and/or impaired motivation, establishing their usefulness as endpoints in multisite clinical trials. This study should demonstrate where multifaceted reward deficits are similar or divergent across patient populations. Registration : ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04024371). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Before initiating cancer therapy, a diagnostic tumor tissue sample evaluated within a pathology laboratory by a pathologist is essential to confirm the malignancy type and provide key prognostic factors that direct the treatment offered.Methods: Pathology evaluation includes multiple expensive reagents, complex equipment, and both laboratory and pathologist technical skills. By using breast cancer as an example, at a minimum, key tumor prognostic information required before the initiation of treatment includes subtype, tumor grade, tumor size, lymph node status when possible, and biomarker expression determined by immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor. The additional determination of biomarker expression of progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) is the standard of care in high-resource settings, but assays may not be affordable in low-income and middle-income countries.Results: With positive tests, patients are eligible for either tamoxifen (for estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive cancers) or monoclonal antibody therapy (for HER2-positive cancers). For settings in which endocrine therapy and/or HER2-targeted therapy is unavailable, biomarker studies have no utility, and high-resource setting standards for pathology evaluation and reporting are unachievable. Resource-stratified pathology evaluation guidelines in cancer diagnosis have not been developed, in contrast to excellent comprehensive, resource-stratified clinical guidelines for use in low-income and middle-income countries, and these are long overdue.Conclusions: The challenges of pathology evaluation in the context of global health are being met by innovative solutions, which may change the face of pathology practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of a culture of seismic risk preparedness is becoming increasingly critical in Europe as the building stock ages and the awareness about seismic risk rises. In this context, the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings, followed by the implementation of appropriate retrofitting solutions, can help to substantially reduce the levels of physical damage and economic impact of future events. The central region of Portugal is particularly susceptible to large seismic events and is characterized by the prevalence of historic masonry buildings. This work aims to validate assessment methods for the risk of historical city centers in order to propose management strategies for municipalities and assess the economic impact of large-scale seismic retrofitting. To do this, an application of these methods was performed on the historical city center of Leiria. An in-depth inspection was performed of the entire center and the results were compiled into a database. Using an index-based seismic vulnerability assessment approach, a vulnerability assessment was made for each building. Based on vulnerability and predicted damage, estimates of human and economic losses were made for the city center before and after retrofitting to justify interventions on a broad scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Savings are an important but often overlooked component of financial inclusion. While women are less active than men in the formal financial sector there is little understanding about their ability to accumulate savings. Purpose: We hypothesize that a woman's individual economic status, measured by her property ownership, is an important driver of her ability to save. Approach and Methods: Women are considered as savers in the formal sector only if they have savings above a minimum threshold. Three measures of women's asset ownership are used: two capture their absolute property status and one their relative status in the household. The data are obtained from three large‐scale surveys that collected individual‐level asset data in Ecuador, Ghana and the Indian state of Karnataka. Logistic regression models are employed to examine the relationship between women's property ownership and accumulation of savings. Findings: The absolute value of a woman's physical assets and her share of household physical wealth are correlated with being able to accumulate formal savings. Women's relative wealth status is more strongly related to their savings, along with education, paid employment and group membership. Conclusions: Women's intrahousehold status, defined by their relative wealth, is critical to determining their ability to save in formal accounts. Policy Implications: Interventions that boost women's bargaining power, by increasing their property ownership, should be encouraged, along with greater efforts to improve girls' access to quality education. Functional literacy training for older women can both reduce barriers to accessing financial institutions and create awareness of their benefits. Constraints to women's participation in the labour force should be removed in tandem with interventions to reduce gender earnings gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender inequity in academic medicine remains an important issue worldwide. While institutional programs and policies can help promote equity in recruitment, retention, scholarship, promotion, and leadership, they often do not address the physical and social isolation that many women in international academic medicine face. Creating networking opportunities through building women's groups can provide a personal and professional support structure that decreases isolation and promotes the advancement of women. Based on a multidisciplinary literature review on change processes, group formation, and women's empowerment, as well as lessons learned from personal experience, we offer 12 tips to successfully create, maintain, and support physician women's groups, employing Kotter's change-management framework. We believe that these groups can provide a structured platform for networking opportunities to advance women physicians in academic medicine worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Access to the community is recognised as a need as well as a right for people living with a disability, including people living with aphasia (PLWA). Although studies have shown factors that hinder or support participation of PLWA, few examined naturally occurring interactions outside the home. Aims: This qualitative study aimed to describe the structure of natural interactions occurring between people with aphasia and individuals at the checkout in service encounters. Methods and Procedure: Six participants with moderate-to-severe expressive post-stroke aphasia were video-recorded during commercial interactions within their community environment. Data collection took place in grocery stores, supermarkets, restaurants, drug stores, coffee shops, specialised shops, and a movie theatre. A total of 20 commercial interactions were analysed using conversation analysis. Outcomes and Results: The interactions between PLWA and checkout assistants during payment were characterised by a sequence of four communication stages based on mutual agreement of (1) their availability for the commercial transaction, (2) the item(s) that would be purchased, (3) the price, and (4) the fact that the interaction was over. The second and third parts of the sequence were more challenging in terms of physical access to the desired item(s) or its representation in stage two and access to a visual display of the price in stage three influenced the communication accessibility of the stores. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that PLWA can successfully participate in interactions involving the purchase of goods, even if aphasia is severe, as these interactions are structured by communication and four stages of mutual agreement. During rehabilitation, speech–language pathologists could help prepare PLWA to carry out commercial transactions in self-selected shops to support active community participation post-rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim: To evaluate horizontal violence and bullying in the nursing workforce of an oncology inpatient and outpatient academic centre and to test the Horizontal Violence Scale in an outpatient setting. Background: Horizontal violence (HV) and bullying in the workplace are dysfunctional behaviours that can affect nursing staff and patient care. The impact of bullying and HV is multilevel, affecting patient safety and satisfaction, nursing retention and employee satisfaction, while creating poor patient outcomes. Methods: A quantitative cross‐sectional descriptive design was used to examine prevalence of HV and bullying and the relationship between HV and bullying of nursing department personnel in an oncology setting. Results: The study findings revealed significant positive relationships between bullying and HV in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Conclusion: Nurses experience diverse workplace violence, which could decrease their professional quality of life and affect their turnover intention no matter the work setting. Implications for nursing management: The findings of this study clearly link the presence of bullying and HV, which includes, emotional, physical, verbal and defiant behaviours to both inpatient and outpatient workplace settings. A positive organisational culture, which can be shaped by nursing leaders, can create a work environment that can thwart workplace violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on their commitment to improving patient outcomes and their extensive bedside experience, nurses often are the best of creative problemsolvers for patients and their families. Innovation and entrepreneurship opportunities arise during unique moments of problem identification by nurses working with patients. The nurse executive has a distinctive role in developing and supporting a culture that brings such moments to the forefront in search of innovative ways to create solutions in care provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Down converter SiNx:Yb3+/SiNx:Tb3+ multilayers are deposited by reactive magnetron cosputtering with the objective of optimizing the interaction distance between Tb3+ and Yb3+ ions to favor a better light management in Si solar cells. Those Si‐based multilayers are developed to be compatible with the Si photovoltaic technology. The deposition parameters are optimized to enhance the emission of the Yb3+ ions in the IR region. The emission efficiency of such multilayer structure is compared with a mixed RE SiNx:Tb3+‐Yb3+ layer evidencing a gain resulting from a better management of the Tb3+ and Yb3+ ions distance. At the end, we integrate the growth of such a multilayer in an industrial Si solar cell process and demonstrate the existence of a frequency conversion effect that is promising for the future increase of the Si solar cell efficiency. Down converter (DC) SiNx:Yb3+/SiNx:Tb3+ multilayers have been fabricated by means of reactive magnetron sputtering and their optical properties studied and optimized. All the process developed is fully compatible with the Si‐PV industry prerequisites. Such a DC film has been integrated as an antireflective coating (ARC) layer in an industrial Si solar cell. The optimized optical properties achieved evidence the existence of a frequency conversion effect and are promising for the enhancement of Si solar cell efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic market gardening is often promoted by urban municipalities as a way to resource part of the food supply, creating new social links and protecting groundwater resources. The agronomical and environmental performance of six commercial organic market gardening farms supplying vegetables in Paris were evaluated and compared with other vegetable production systems. When expressed in terms of protein production, the yield of these systems appears rather low compared with the productive capacity of open-field organic cropping systems where vegetable production is inserted into rotation with other crops. Moreover, the requirement of producing infiltrated water meeting the drinking water standards seriously limits the allowable rate of fertilisation, thus limiting production. The data reported herein show that to supply the amount of vegetables required by the Paris agglomeration (12 million inhabitants) only by organic market gardening, 160,000-205,000 ha, i.e. 28-36 % of the agricultural area of the surrounding Ile-de-France region, would be required. We conclude that organic market gardening is only one of several other farming systems which can contribute to a re-localised supply of vegetables to large cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a part of a comprehensive survey of macroparasites of commercially exploited fish species off the coast of Otago, New Zealand, the parasite fauna of the New Zealand sole Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae Günther was recently studied. Steringotrema robertpoulini n. sp. is described from this host and compared with known species of Steringotrema Odhner, 1911. The new species is readily distinguished from all of its congeners, except for S. divergens (Rudolphi, 1809) Odhner, 1911, by having the follicular vitellarium divided in four zones rather than two, and can be differentiated from S. divergens mainly by the posterior extent of the intestinal caeca in the hindbody, as well as by host association and geographical distribution. DNA sequences of the 28S ribosomal gene were generated and phylogenetic analyses were undertaken using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to assess the phylogenetic position of the new species within the family Fellodistomidae Nicoll, 1909. Analyses included the available sequences for 14 species of the family distributed among eight genera, along with nine species of other members of the order Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957 as outgroups. The resulting topology shows that the new species of Steringotrema is nested as the sister species of Steringophorus dorsolineatus (Reimer, 1985) Bray, 1995. However, low nodal support indicates that relationships among these species are not fully resolved and require further revision and denser taxon sampling for more detailed molecular work. More information is required to draw further conclusions about the taxonomic status of the genera Steringotrema and Steringophorus Odhner, 1905. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that tapeworms comprise the bulk of parasite communities of sharks in marine ecosystems, little is known about their life cycles and, more specifically, about the potential intermediate hosts they utilize as transmission routes. In the absence of morphological features required for specific identification of larval tapeworms from potential intermediate hosts, recent molecular advances have contributed to linking larval and adult parasites and, in some instances, uncovering unknown trophic links. Host-parasite checklists are often the first source of information consulted to assess the diversity and host specificity of parasites, and provide insights into parasite identification. However, these host-parasite checklists are only useful if they encompass the full spectrum of associations between hosts and parasites. A checklist of New Zealand fishes and their parasites has been published, but recent parasitological examinations of commercial fish species reveal that the checklist appears to be far from complete. We focused our current study on a comprehensive survey of macroparasites of a commercial species, the New Zealand sole (Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae) off the coast of Otago, New Zealand. Specifically, we were expecting to recover marine tapeworms using sharks as their definitive hosts that are generally underreported in parasite surveys. The parasites recovered included tapeworms, flukes, round worms and thorny-headed worms. Surprisingly, a large proportion of the non-tapeworm parasites we recovered were not previously reported from this fish species. A discussion on the potential ecological roles played by this fish species in the transmission of parasites is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]