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Abstract  We have structurally characterized and investigated a range of sulfoxide compounds containing aryl and alkyl substituents. Compounds 1 and 3–6 all crystallize in an orthorhombic space group, where compounds 2 and 7 crystallize in a monoclinic space group. The unit cell parameters of the compounds are as follows: 1 (Fdd2), a = 17.653(5) Å, b = 53.153(14) Å, and c = 10.071(3) Å; 2 (P2 1 /c), a = 7.894(13) Å, b = 5.653(10) Å, and c = 27.02(5) Å, β = 97.347(15)°; 3 (P2 1 2 1 2 1 ), a = 5.7569(6) Å, b = 12.2139(12) Å, and c = 17.5974(18) Å; 4 (Pca2 1 ), a = 8.256(4) Å, b = 5.470(3) Å, and c = 23.995(13) Å; 5 (P2 1 2 1 2 1 ), a = 5.848(4) Å, b = 7.568(5) Å, and c = 27.650(17) Å; 6 (Pbca), a = 10.0569(15) Å, b = 9.9403(16) Å, and c = 17.843(3) Å; and 7 (Pc), a = 13.217(4) Å, b = 5.3766(14) Å, and c = 8.370(2) Å, β = 90.673(6)°. The S=O bond distances in these compounds range from 1.489(7) to 1.515(8) Å. In all seven structures, the O(1)–S–C bond angles vary from 105.1(4) to 111.7(30)° and the C(1)–S(1)–C(11) bond angles range from 94.1(4) to 100.56(12)°. The compounds contain unique intra- and intermolecular interactions depending on the groups attached to the sulfoxide moiety. The polarity of the sulfoxide bond in these compounds allows for intramolecular S···O interactions to occur. When the sulfur is bound to alkyl groups, there tends to be a shorter S···O intermolecular distance than when the sulfur is bound to aromatic substituents. Additionally, if the sulfur is flanked by an aryl group, the S–C bond distance is slightly shorter than if flanked by an alkyl group, suggesting a possible weak O···Haryl intramolecular interaction, weak conjugation of the aromatic ring with the S–O bond or both. Furthermore, if the sulfur is flanked by an alkyl group, a CH2 proton of S–CH2–R can be properly oriented to participate in an intermolecular hydrogen bond with the sulfoxide oxygen of another molecule. Index Abstract  We have structurally characterized and investigated a range of sulfoxide compounds containing aryl and alkyl substituents that contain unique intra- and intermolecular interactions depending on the groups attached to the sulfoxide moiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the relationship of self-efficacy to reported labor pain and pain medication usage among 43 women. Self-efficacy ratings were judgments of confidence regarding successful completion of tasks involved in labor and delivery (e.g., doing breathing exercises) and in overcoming barriers (e.g., nonsupportive partner). Multiple regression analyses revealed that self-efficacy significantly contributed to predicting labor pain beyond other relevant variables (e.g., age, amount of menstrual pain), with barrier self-efficacy the strongest predictor. Results are discussed in the context of increasing women's confidence in overcoming barriers by incorporating relevant interventions in childbirth education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]