Search

The antibacterial performance of biocomposite films prepared from lignocellulosic waste (hazelnut husk or hazelnut leafy green cover) modified with silver nanoparticles and polylactic acid (PLA) was determined. The amount of hazelnut husk in the PLA matrix ranged from 10 to 40% by weight in 10% increments. The composite pellets were produced using a twin-screw extruder. Biocomposite films of 0.6 mm x 40 mm x 200 mm were produced from the pellets in a laboratory hydraulic hot press. The surfaces of the modified hazelnut husk and biocomposite specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The antibacterial activity of the biocomposite films against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was determined using the ASTM E 2149 (2020) method. The antibacterial activity of the biocomposite films increased noticeably with the addition of hazelnut husk modified with the silver nanoparticles. Compared to the pure PLA film, the biocomposite films with 10 wt% modified husk flour showed the lowest antibacterial activity (31.3%) against S. aureus over 24-h while the films with 40 wt% showed the highest antibacterial activity (99.9%). The biocomposite films made of hazelnut husk flour with silver nanoparticles and PLA matrix could be considered for food packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript proposes a low-power and high-speed hybrid approximate multiplier using 15-4 approximate compressors in partial product stage for image processing application. Initially, the most significant bits (MSB) of approximate multiplier is encoded by approximate radix-8 Booth’s (R-8B) encoding, and also least significant bits (LSB) is encoded by approximate truncated-round approximate multiplier (TRAM) encoding both are used to rounding the LSB to the adjacent power of two. Then, approximate 15-4 compressors are subjugated in partial product lessening stage to produce MSB result. Then, the hybrid approximate multiplier under 15-4 approximate compressors is carried out in the application of image processing. The proposed approach is done in MATLAB and Vivado Design Suite 2018.1 simulator, then observes that the power consumption of proposed design attains 31.814%, 23.562% lower than existing models. Similarly, the velocity attains 42.63%, 6.263% higher than the existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning-based sustainable subsurface for anomaly detection in different materials is an objective to improve the reliability of thermographic inspection. This article aims to describe a method that uses Barker-coded thermal wave imaging to identify subsurface anomalies in materials. The novelty of the proposed methodology is to detect smaller defects at a higher depth even on a fully corroded sample of mild steel. Experiments were carried out with different kinds of samples like mild steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP). Various commonly used modern post-processing techniques are applied alongside the proposed techniques for detecting subsurface anomalies. Subsurface anomalies visualized using the proposed deep learning method give better visualization and results when compared to that of other approaches. In addition to it, region-based active contour segmentation-based detection is also proposed for the GFRP sample. This study results in a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of value 108 dB; the least error in defect size is nearly 0.01% using full width at half maximum (FWHM), and the aspect ratio is nearly 1 for the proposed convolutional neural network (CNN)-based processing approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semiconductor industry has evolved significantly since its founding in 1950. Transistors and diodes are the primarily used electronic devices, but advancements in technology have led to more complex semiconductor devices, from printed circuit boards to multimillion gate design, i.e., a System on Chip (SoC) design. Almost 70–80 percent of the total SoC design effort is aimed at functional verification. In this paper, verification of an interconnect block in a processing system is presented. Trace monitoring of the transactions on the Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) interface of the interconnect is performed by programming different operational pointers and filters. Results were simulated from Synopsys—a Verilog Compiler Simulator (VCS) tool-2022v (Hyderabad, India). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an energy-efficient hybrid Networks-on-Chip architecture called SaHNoC, which is more self adaptive with respect to selection of Wi-Fi positions in a Mesh topology. In comparison with wired on-chip interconnect NoC, wireless interconnect NoC offers a promising performance with respect to communication speed. However, the wireless switch occupies a larger area and has higher power-energy consumption than the wired switch. In this paper, we develop an optimal energy-efficient wire-wireless NoC structure called Hybrid NoC. The proposed hybrid NoC approach explores the self-adaptive technique for the selection of wireless switching positions in a suitable location against topology with respect to network diameter and average hop count. The effectiveness of the proposed SaHNoC is validated with a modified version of Booksim 2.0 in mutual with Orion 3.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple-input, multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems with multiple input antennas and multiple output antennas in dynamic environments face the challenge of channel estimation. To overcome this challenge and to improve the performance and signal-tonoise ratio, in this paper we used the Kalman filter for the correct estimation of the signal in dynamic environments. To obtain the original signal at the receiver end bit error rate factor plays a major role. If the signal to noise ratio is high and the bit error rate is low then signal strength is high, the signal received at the receiver end is almost similar to the ith transmitted signal. The dynamic tracking characteristic of Kalman filter is used to establish a dynamic space-time codeword and a collection of orthogonal pilot sequences to prevent interference among transmissions in this paper. Using the simulation, the Kalman filter method can be compared to the other channel estimation method presented in this paper that can track timevarying channels rapidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the technological era, exponential increase of unorganized text documents offers increased difficulties retrieving the most relevant data. The document clustering is a most prominent technique that transforms unorganized contents into organized contents in the form of clusters. The recognition technique always undergoes clustering of text documents with misleading or redundant information that degrades document clustering quality. In this study, a salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is used for clustering the text documents. The study is improved with a similarity and a distance-based measurements as an objective function in the clustering domain. The experimental validation is conducted to show the efficacy of SSA-based similarity distance measurement that prominently improves the quality of clustering the text documents. The comparison with existing methods shows that the proposed SSA offers better clustering of text documents in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and f-measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to increased demands for communication at low power, an efficient application mapping has become vital in the area of network on chip (NoC). Optimisation of architectural structure in on‐chip design is essential to maximise the performance of the network and minimise the cost functions. To address this issue, a knowledge‐based memetic algorithm (KBMA) is proposed for 3D NoC for successful mapping with standard network topologies. The proposed KBMA adopts power, area and delay as a cost function for an effective mapping. The competence of the proposed method is verified through comparison with other natural inspired algorithms like particle swarm optimisation and genetic algorithm. The presented work is validated through four case studies which include real application benchmarks of NoC and random generated benchmarks using test graph for free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]