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In the recent drug analysis arena, optimizing a green, eco-friendly, and cost-effective technique is the main target. In order to cope with green analytical chemistry principles and the trending development of miniaturized portable and handheld devices, an innovative microfabricated ion-selective electrode for the analysis of metoclopramide (MTP) was developed. The fabricated electrode adopted a two-step optimization process. The first step of optimization depended on screening different ionophores in order to enhance the sensor selectivity. Calix-4-arene showed the maximal selectivity towards MTP. The second step was utilizing a graphene nanocomposite as an ion-to-electron transducer layer between the calix-4-arene polymeric membrane and the microfabricated copper solid-contact ion-selective electrode. The graphene nanocomposite layer added more stability to electrode potential drift and short response times (10 s), probably due to the hydrophobic behavior of the graphene nanocomposite, which precludes the formation of a water layer at the Cu electrode/polymeric membrane interface. The proposed MTP sensor has been characterized according to IUPAC recommendations and the linear dynamic range estimated to be 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−2 M with LOD of 3 × 10−7 M. The proposed sensor has been successfully employed in the selective determination of MTP in bulk powder, pharmaceutical formulation, and biological fluid. No statistical significant difference was observed upon comparing the results with those of the official method. The Eco-score of the method was assessed using the Eco-Scale tool and was compared with that of the official method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive and precise thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of omeprazole, tinidazole and clarithromycin in bulk powder; laboratory prepared mixture and combined dosage form. The technique adopted for quantification is coupled TLC-densitometry. The mobile phase used was a mixture of methylene chloride, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile and ammonia (11: 1.2: 5: 0.2, v/v/v/v). The detection of spots was carried out densitometrically using a UV detector at 300 nm in absorbance mode. This system was found to give compact spots for omeprazole (Rf 0.45), tinidazole (Rf 0.67) and clarithromycin (Rf 0.89). The method was linear in the range of 1-20mgr;g spot-1, 1-10mgr;g spot-1, and 1-20mgr;g spot-1 for omeprazole, tinidazole and clarithromycin respectively with significantly high value of correlation coefficient (r² > 0.99). The selectivity of the proposed method was checked using laboratory prepared mixtures. The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise, reproducible and specific and can be applicable for the simultaneous determination of omeprazole, tinidazole and clarithromycin in tablet dosage form without inteRference from other additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]