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Cowpea is an important legume crop that grows throughout the world, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions, and has a high potential for food and nutritional security. The study aims to identify the performance and the relationship between agronomic traits, and the superior character of Indonesian cowpea varieties using Genotype by Yield Trait (GYT) biplot analysis. This research used 75 Indonesian cowpea local varieties collected from the exploration study from 2017 to 2018. The evaluation of the 25 agronomic traits of the cowpea local varieties was conducted from March to July 2019. The research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance for agronomic traits revealed that there was a significant difference between cowpea local varieties in almost all traits, except for the number of flower buds per raceme and the number of buds per node. Cowpea seed yield was strongly influenced by seed thickness, number of pods, 100 seed weight, pod width, and number of racemes/plant. The GYT biplot analysis successfully identified the VU50 and VU38 as the best yield-trait combinations for number of pods/plant*seed yield and number of racemes per plant*seed yield, and the VU36 as the best for pod width*seed yield, seed thickness*seed yield, and seed size*seed yield. These genotypes could be used for genetic improvement in the cowpea breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds with good viability and vigor are key for enhancing jack bean yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seed incubation on the seed viability and vigor of jack beans. The research used jack bean local variety collected from Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. The treatment was seed priming (incubation), which consists of five incubating durations, i.e. 0, 6, 12, and 18 hours. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design and was conducted in the glass house of the Indonesian Legume and Tubers Crop Research Institute (ILETRI) in March 2022. The growth ability of jack bean seeds begins on the fifth day and reaches its greatest potential on the eighth day under optimal conditions. The control treatment showed an FGP of 100%. The seed viability and vigor decrease as priming increases. The highest SGI was obtained in the control treatment. The seed viability has a strong correlation with seed vigor; thus the seed viability test can still be used to predict seed vigor in the field. The seed priming using the incubation technique (seed conditioning) has no effect on the seed viability and vigor of jack bean seeds as well as on the seedling morphology. Thus, seed priming on high vigor jack bean seeds is not recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean cultivar with high pod-shatter resistance and good agronomic performances is essential for reducing yield loss in soybeans. The research aimed to evaluate the pod-shattering resistance and agronomic performance of soybean genotypes in the dry season. The experimental research was conducted in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia, from March to June 2019. The experiment used 150 genotypes and laid in a randomized block design with three replicates. Three sample plants were randomly taken after the R8 phase, and thirty pods were randomly taken for shattering evaluation using the sun-drying method. The result showed that the dry environment exacerbated the increase in pod shattering in soybeans climate. The screening for pod-shattering using the sun-drying method on the first day showed that 17 genotypes were resistant to pod-shattering, and 46 were resistant. The third day of sun drying revealed no very resistant genotype. On the fourth day of screening, it obtained six resistant genotypes (Anjas/IAC 100-1-183, Grobogan/G100H-8-342, Mahameru/IAC100-3-427, Mahameru/IAC100-3-937, G100H/Anjasmoro-3-181, and Mahameru/IAC100-2-426). Harvesting could be delayed by 4-5 days for resistant or very resistant genotypes in the dry season or dry climate environment. The number of nodes, number of branches, and number of filled pods were all significantly positively correlated with seed yield. The plant height has a significant positive correlation with the number of nodes and the number of filled pods. The GYT-biplot indicates two genotypes with the best performance for YLD*PS (Mahameru/IAC100-2-426 and Mahameru/IAC100-3-427). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the availability of the improved black soybean cultivars in Indonesia could be done by exploring the black soybean genotypes with high yield and pod shattering resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the pod shattering resistance of black soybeans associated with agronomic traits and to identify the best genotype based on multiple traits. A total of 16 black soybean genotypes was evaluated for their pod shattering resistance and agronomic performances. The field experiment was conducted in Madiun, East Java Province, Indonesia from July to October 2020, with four replications. Pod shattering evaluation used the oven-dry method. The identification of pod shattering using oven drying was effective to classify the shattering resistance of black soybean genotypes into resistant (5 genotypes), moderate (3 genotypes), susceptible (4 genotypes), and highly susceptible (4 genotypes). Seven genotypes yielded above the mean yield with a range of 10.13–12.51 g per plant, and three of them were resistant to pod shattering. Genotype by trait biplot indicated that seed yield per plant was positively correlated with days to maturity, plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, and number of pods. The G7 and G14 showed pod shatter resistance with the highest yield of 12.51 g and 12.07 g, respectively. These identified superior lines could be beneficial to increase black soybean yield productivity in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pod-sucking bug Riptortus linearis (Fabricius) is the most destructive soybean insect pest in Indonesia. The losses caused by this insect could reach 2–100%. This study aimed to determine the resistance level of 13 soybean lines to pod-sucking pests using no choice and free choice tests. The evaluation for resistance to the pod-sucking bug was performed using free-choice test (FCT) and no-choice test (NCT) methods. In FCT, all genotypes were placed in a meshed cage, meanwhile, in the NCT, each soybean genotype was individually placed in a meshed cage. Newly emerged adults R. linearis (n = 2 per plant) were infested during the R5 stage of the soybean. In the FCT, the range of pod damage intensity was 11.03–44.22% (average of 24.68%). Meanwhile, the seed damage intensity was ranged from 10.94–41.14% (average of 20.93%). In the NCT, the range of pod and seed damage intensities was 18.89–47.52% (average of 37.17%) and 13.19–72.38% (average of 37.74%), respectively. One genotype (G4) was identified as resistant based on the pod and seed damage in the FCT and NCT, respectively. Soybean genotypes that were consistently resistant based on the pod and seed damage in the NCT, as well as FCT methods, could potentially be used as gene sources for breeding soybean resistance to pod-sucking bug. The NCT method provides higher damage intensity than that of the FCT method. Thus, the NCT method could be used to screen soybean genotypes for resistance against pod-sucking bug to obtain genotypes with higher resistance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]