Search

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by intense itching and various clinical manifestations. It predominantly affects young children and is linked to elevated levels of IgE. Despite extensive research, the exact etiology remains unclear, though genetic and environmental factors are believed to play significant roles. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, over an 18-month period from December 2019 to May 2021. A total of 83 patients up to 16 years old, diagnosed with AD according to Hanifin and Rajka's criteria, were included. Ethical clearance was obtained, and informed consent was secured from guardians. Patients were assessed for demographic characteristics, clinical features, and aggravating factors using structured case record forms. Data analysis focused on age distribution, duration of AD, aggravating factors, personal and family history, and clinical features. Results: The study involved 83 patients with a mean age of 2-12 years. The mean duration of AD was 1.24 years. The condition often aggravated in winter. Key aggravating factors included photo aggravation (24.1%) and mosquito/mite exposure (15.7%). A significant proportion of patients experienced pruritus (91.6%) and lesions on extensors (65.1%). Family history of atopy was uncommon, with 71.1% having no family history. Facial erythema was present in 33.7% of patients, and 21.7% had scalp scaling. Conclusion: This study highlights the diverse clinical manifestations and demographic characteristics of AD in a specific population. The findings reveal a predominance of younger patients, common involvement of extensor surfaces, and frequent pruritus. Seasonal aggravation, particularly in winter, and specific aggravating factors like photo exposure and mosquito bites were noted. The lack of significant family history suggests a need for further research into the genetic and environmental interplay in AD. These insights underscore the importance of personalized management strategies for effective treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp), a biocompatible ceramic material, has been the priority source in several biomedical applications due to its bone type composition, crystallography and morphology. In the current research, firstly, HAp powder was synthesized from the waste eggshells using a modified synthesis route, i.e., multistage calcination preceded by a chemical precipitation method for process optimization. Secondly, the silver-doped HAp was synthesized with varying weight percent (0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 wt.%) of silver nitrate (AgNO3) in HAp. An increase of 5.52% and 23.68% in maximum compressive strength and Vickers microhardness was observed between the undoped and 0.2 wt.% silver-doped HAp, showing the improved adhesion and bonding strength of the sintered samples. The porosity percentage also decreased with an increase in silver doping and was minimum for HAP0.2Ag (7.969%). The flowability characteristics demonstrate good flow for HAP0.0Ag (HR = 1.175 and CI = 14.89) and HAP0.1Ag (HR = 1.174 and CI = 14.87), and persists the travelable flow up to 0.5 wt.% (angle of repose = 42 ± 1.28, n = 3). Silver doping exhibits a synergistic effect, yielding satisfactory physiomechanical and antibacterial properties up to 0.2 wt.%. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy, x-ray Diffraction Technique, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy verify the morphology, chemical composition, bonding strength, crystallite size, particle size, lattice strain and phase purity, respectively. Six different bacteria strains, i.e., S. epidermidis, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli DH5α, P. aeruginosa and E. coli, employed for antibacterial characterization confirm the antibacterial nature of silver-doped HAp. Results obtained accentuate the antibacterial nature of silver-doped HAp and its utility in biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions about women's safety have gained importance in both India and Pakistan, as gendered and sexual violence in public spaces has risen. This motivates questions about the presence and mobility of women in public spaces in South Asia and their determinants. In this paper, we extend feminist scholarship on space and time, social reproduction, classical patriarchy, and the everyday by unpacking the concept of mobility into two new categories: instrumental and substantive mobility. We use these categories to dig deeper into spatial and temporal patterns of women's mobility at the national level. Our regression models and tempograms based on nationally representative time-use surveys show that women's presence in public spaces remains abysmally low in both countries. It increases only temporarily with travel for paid/unpaid labor and education in instrumental ways. However, any mobility that breaks the temporal rhythm of the everyday or norms governing space and time is rarely observed. Our analysis also shows that these mobilities are also affected by social contexts such as marriage, class, and caste, among others. Also, despite popular perceptions, we find no substantial differences in the mobility patterns for women in the two countries. This paper makes a case for reassessing interactions between neoliberal economic regimes and classical patriarchy and how "power geometries" of space, time, and social reproduction impact women's mobilities in South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bringing microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to market requires the use of non-precious metal catalysts. Therefore, we replaced the platinum (Pt) cathode with more cost-effective cadmium gallate (CdGa2O4) nanoparticles in the present research. The synthesis and characterization of cadmium gallate (CdGa2O4), and further its application as a cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a MFC. The physiochemical characterization indicates a high ORR property of CdGa2O4, attributed to the presence of active sites, high electronic conductivity, and high surface area. These features enhanced the bioelectricity production with simultaneous wastewater treatment which resulted into comparable performances to catalysts such as platinum (Pt). The electrochemical analysis shows that the loading rate of CdGa2O4 has a significant impact on the power output of the MFC. The highest volumetric power density was observed in CdGa2O4 with a loading of 1 mg/cm3 (8.2 W/m3). COD removal efficiency also showed a similar trend with respect to different loading rates. 1 mg/cm3 of CdGa2O4 showed the highest COD removal and Columbic efficiency of 83.8% and 11.7%, respectively. The low cost-to-performance ratio, high ORR activity, and high electric conductivity of CdGa2O4 prove that CdGa2O4 is a feasible substitute for Pt in large-scale operations of MFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite communication, in over half a century have attained remarkable breakthrough in high speed transmission. These innovations, on the other hand, have come in tandem with significant performance improvements in other IT and telecommunications systems. As a result, these significant benefits are not as visible to the broader public as they would be as if this burst of performance had occurred in isolation. In nutshell, space satellite communication using optical technology provide powerful alternative to radio frequency (RF) and make communication reliable and cost effective. Satellite communications systems allow a whole new race of civilian and defence operations in surveillance, telecommunications, object tracking and space exploration. Since independent satellites are restricted by volume, space and strength, small satellites production in bulk clusters may be effective for a range of wildfire monitoring, science missions, mapping in gravity and water management exploration, among others. The development of communications satellites would provide for a more comprehensive understanding of the near-earth environment as well as a more efficient and cost-effective way of reaching space, thanks to the utilisation of multi-satellite systems. As a result, when satellites are designing, IsOWC is an utmost point to be considered. The numerous researches being performed in the satellite communications for introducing multi communications based on different orbits are described in this study. IsOWC systems over radio frequency based communication are preferred due to large bandwidth, high speed, absence of electromagnetic interference (EMI), lower transmission losses and improved security. We also present a detailed listing of challenges in Is-OWC such as Doppler shift, point ahead angle, satellite vibration and tracking, acquisition tracking and pointing (ATP) and background noise sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To present the clinical features and review of literature of leptospiral uveitis. Methods: We present clinical features of patients with leptospiral uveitis with positive Leptospira IgM antibodies. Results: Twenty-six eyes of 24 patients, 11 males (45.8%), were included. The mean age was 37.5 ± 15.6 years. 91.7% had unilateral uveitis, 88.5% panuveitis, 11.5% anterior uveitis, 15.4% had hypopyon, 8% had cataract and 3.8% eyes had cystoid macular edema. Vitritis with characteristic vitreous membranes was an important feature. Retinal and choroidal vasculature were preserved on swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Mean presenting BCVA was logMAR0.49 ± 0.41, while final BCVA was logMAR0.04 ± 0.13. The mean duration for complete resolution of uveitis was 39.1 ± 15.5 days. 84.6% eyes achieved BCVA 6/6. Conclusion: Leptospiral uveitis is an under-reported entity. It may present as anterior uveitis or panuveitis. It must be included in the differential diagnosis of non-granulomatous uveitis. The visual prognosis is usually favorable even in severe cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: As a consequence of continuing demand for additional capacity and higher quality data transmission, channel coding as a key component of a digital communication network has progressed from a classical single pair, point‐to‐point information theoretic application to a class of coding techniques with diverse parameters. The heterogeneous requirements of B5G/6G networks technology have made flexibility of code parameters the main desired feature while designing channel codes. Owing to this, channel coding techniques have evolved to support enabling applications that depend on different factors such as latency, reliability, energy efficiency and throughput. We review and discuss the application of new techniques, modifications in the design and construction of modern channel coding schemes, including block, convolutional, rateless and space‐time codes. Further, the error correction performance of mainstream channel decoders for LDPC, polar and turbo codes is compared and analysed for their attainable error rate. The aim of this study is to highlight the adaptability of the discussed coding schemes for the forthcoming cellular network landscape. This article also addresses the implementational challenges of high throughput, low latency and machine type communication scenarios. Moreover, some recent studies exploring the role of machine learning for optimisation of B5G/6G networks are classified and discussed. Concluding, research areas pertaining to the scalability of error control coding for next generation networking are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While lead-based halide perovskites have demonstrated exceptional performance in photovoltaic and other optoelectronic applications globally, the inherent toxicity of lead (Pb) has consistently posed a barrier to widespread commercialization. As such, Pb-free halide perovskites have garnered enormous attention in optoelectronics due to their reduced toxicity, superior absorption in the UV-visible range, and high stability compared to Pb-based halide perovskites. On the other hand, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkably sensitive light detection capabilities. Herein, we have introduced a successful way to fabricate Cs2AgBiBr6/WS2 local heterostructures via a low-cost mechanochemical approach to improve the optoelectronic properties, including the photodetection performance, of a planar photodetector device. In the Cs2AgBiBr6/WS2 heterostructure, the noticeable shift in the Raman A1g and E2g modes of WS2 indicates the charge transfer and milling-induced strain, respectively. As compared to the bare Cs2AgBiBr6, the heterostructure exhibits an improved current on/off ratio of ∼5.9 × 103, a high responsivity of 2.01 A W−1, and a high specific detectivity of 3.6 × 1013 Jones under 405 nm laser illumination. The higher light-to-dark current ratio and efficient charge transfer are credited to enhanced charge carrier generation and collection of the photocarriers within the Cs2AgBiBr6/WS2 heterostructure. This is supported by enhanced absorbance, photoluminescence (PL) quenching, and shortened photocarrier lifetime (from 3.65 ns to 0.82 ns). XPS and UPS measurements confirmed the effective charge transfer from Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite (DP) to WS2 nanosheets. The Cs2AgBiBr6/WS2 heterostructure is believed to form a local p–n junction at the interface, enhancing carrier separation. The resulting heterostructure exhibits a significant photocurrent even at 0 V bias making the device self-powered in nature. The high linear dynamic range (LDR) (75 dB), fast photoresponse speed (80 ms/120 ms), and self-powered behavior signify promising prospects for low-power consumption optoelectronic devices in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to highlight the role that Clément Baloup's comics, Vietnamese Memories: Leaving Saigon (Volume 1) and Vietnamese Memories: Little Saigon (Volume 2), play in the creation of an alternate archive that validates the forgotten tales and the memories of a neglected past. These texts provide an alternate form of remembrance by materialising the past in the form of images. The two volumes present the unheard experiences of the Vietnamese diaspora that Baloup recorded during his travels to the different parts of France and the U.S. Such experiences bring to the forefront memories that are otherwise kept at the margins or suppressed by the dominant discourse. If not recorded, they will be lost forever. The counter-memory, thus, calls for a reassessment of the idea of a singular past that denies the marginalised memories. It claims representation and restoration in the cultural memory. As works of postmemory, these texts form a link between the past and the present through mediation and give memorability to unremembered accounts. The memories are illustrated, and hence, visual representation becomes important to the task of postmemory here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals are extremely hazardous for human health due to their toxic effects. They are non-biodegradable in nature, thus remain in the environment and enter and accumulate in the human body through biomagnification; hence, there is a serious need of their remediation. Phytoremediation has emerged as a green, sustainable, and effective solution for heavy metal removal and many plant species could be employed for this purpose. Plants are able to sequester substantial quantity of heavy metals, in some cases thousands of ppm, due to their robust physiology enabling high metal tolerance and anatomy supporting metal ion accumulation. Identification and modification of potential target genes involved in heavy metal accumulation have led to improved phytoremediation capacity of plants at the molecular level. The introduction of foreign genes through genetic engineering approaches has further enhanced phytoremediation capacity manifolds. This review gives an insight towards improving the phytoremediation efficiency through a better understanding of molecular mechanisms involved, expression of different proteins, genetic engineering approaches for transgenic production, and genetic modifications. It also comprehends novel omics tools such as genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and genome editing technologies for improvement of phytoremediation ability of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To quantify retinal ischemia following presumed rickettsial retinitis (RR). To compare outcomes between initial treatment with Doxycycline (Group 1) versus steroids (Group 2). Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with presumed RR was done. ImageJ software was used to obtain %area of ischemia on swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Results: Eleven eyes of 8 patients belonged to Group1 and 6 eyes of 3 patients belonged to Group 2. The BCVA improved from logMAR 0.8 ∓ 0.7 to logMAR 0.06 ∓ 0.08 (p < 0.002) and central foveal thickness (CFT) changed from 479μ ∓ 341.3μ to 163.5μ ∓ 20.5μ (p < 0.005) after a median of 5 weeks in Group 1. In Group 2, BCVA improved from logMAR 1.03 ∓ 0.05 to logMAR 0.23 ∓ 0.23 (p < 0.004) and CFT changed from 286.5μ ∓ 158.8μ to 177.5μ ∓ 25.9μ (>0.05) following a mean of 11 weeks. Mean %area of ischemia was 4.6 ∓ 1.5 in Group 1 and 13.9 ∓ 4.1 in Group 2. Conclusion: Analysis of flow deficit on SS-OCTA confirms that treatment with Doxycycline in presumed RR results in less ischemia and quicker recovery than initial treatment with steroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing data from the verbal fluency task (e.g., "name all the animals you can in a minute") is of interest to both memory researchers and clinicians due to its broader implications for memory search and retrieval. Recent work has proposed several computational models to examine nuanced differences in search behavior, which can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying memory search. A prominent account of memory search within the fluency task was proposed by Hills et al. (2012), where mental search is modeled after how animals forage for food in physical space. Despite the broad potential utility of these models to scientists and clinicians, there is currently no open-source program to apply and compare existing foraging models or clustering algorithms without extensive, often redundant programming. To remove this barrier to studying search patterns in the fluency task, we created forager, a Python package (https://github.com/thelexiconlab/forager) and web interface (https://forager.research.bowdoin.edu/). forager provides multiple automated methods to designate clusters and switches within a fluency list, implements a novel set of computational models that can examine the influence of multiple lexical sources (semantic, phonological, and frequency) on memory search using semantic embeddings, and also enables researchers to evaluate relative model performance at the individual and group level. The package and web interface cater to users with various levels of programming experience. In this work, we introduce forager's basic functionality and use cases that demonstrate its utility with pre-existing behavioral and clinical data sets of the semantic fluency task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of dual-task training on balance and knee proprioception in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions in older adults with significant imbalance and high risk of falling. This pre-posttest experimental design included 83 older adults (43 males, 40 females), selected based on age criteria (65–75 years) and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants underwent dual-task training consisting of 30-minute sessions, three times per week, for four weeks (totaling 12-sessions). Measures included Berg Balance Scale and knee proprioception deficit before and after dual-task training. The study showed statistically significant effect of dual-task training on balance (p < 0.001) and knee proprioception in both weight-bearing (p < 0.001) and non-weight-bearing (p < 0.001) in older adults. Pre-and post-measurements of independent variables between male and female older adults showed no significant difference. Dual-task training improves balance and knee proprioception in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions in older individuals, thereby enhancing stability and reducing the risk of falls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study grafted sericin/sodium alginate based encapsulated sustained release NPK fertilizer has been developed. Grafting of sericin/sodium alginate with acrylic acid-co-acrylamide has been performed by using microwave based grafting technique. The ratio of sodium alginate and sericin has been optimized for optimal release of NPK fertilizer, and it was found 0.7:0.3 ratio gives optimum release of encapsulated NPK fertilizer. The developed beads were characterized by studying bead size, encapsulation efficiency, swelling characteristics and cumulative release characteristics. The beads were found to have size range between 0.83 and 1.46 mm. The swelling kinetics of the beads in neutral, acidic and basic medium was found to obey pseudo second order kinetic model with 2> value more than 0.98. The synthesized beads was found to obey Korsmeyer–Peppas release kinetic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing efficient photoactive and environmentally stable methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPI) perovskite films in open-air conditions is challenging. This can be achieved by incorporating inorganic nanostructures into the MAPI perovskites. Recently, various shapes of inorganic nanostructures like PbS, CdS, and SnS have been included, but the effect of nanocuboids shapes has not been explored. In the present study, we studied the impact of adding PbS nanocuboids to MAPI perovskite. We found that incorporating these chemically grown PbS nanocuboids significantly improves MAPI perovskite material's optoelectronic properties. The PbS nanocuboids were synthesized using different concentrations of CTAB complexing agent. Then, using slot die coating, thin films of MAPI:PbS nanocomposite were prepared with different-sized PbS nanocuboids. With the incorporation of PbS nanocuboids, significant improvements have been observed in the optoelectronic properties of MAPI perovskite films. Finally, we fabricated pristine MAPI and MAPI:PbS nanocomposite-based photodetectors using a slot die coating on a TiO2-coated FTO substrate. Compared to pristine perovskite, the photodetector fabricated with the incorporation of 20% of PbS in MAPI (MAPI:PC-2) has the shortest decay time of 0.08 s and four-fold improvements in photosensitivity and the highest photodetectivity of 108.11 × 108 Jones with an external quantum efficiency of ~ 13.77%. We believe the enhanced optical absorption and efficient charge collection between the perovskite and hole transport layer may be responsible for the improved photodetector performance. These results suggest that incorporating PbS in MAPI perovskite holds promise for various optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to get an understanding regarding the clusters of middle management employees on the basis of their knowledge sharing behaviour. Designing knowledge sharing behaviors with a distinct focus for a specified group of employees can be an effective and productive one. As it is often argued that the cluster of employees labeled as "middle management" is the key player for knowledge sharing behaviors – a subject of this study that intends to contribute to management strategy to enhance organizational effectiveness and subsequently to its knowledge sharing phenomona. Design/methodology/approach: Cluster analysis was adopted as key tool as a part of quantitative method to accumulate the data from 597 employees who are working within the middle management of service sector located in the union territory of India named Jammu and Kashmir. Findings: Three distinct segments namely – "knowledge sharing adepts (KSA)," "knowledge sharing scrupulous (KSC)" and "knowledge sharing servitudes (KSE)" as the prime domains of knowledge sharing behavior are identified. Research limitations/implications: To draw a narrow focus, the study was limited to the service sector of a union territory in India, hence the findings may not be generalized. Furthermore, as knowledge sharing behavior of individuals is always evolved out of social and historical practices, findings of this cross-sectional study should ideally be needed to be updated time to time through further research. Practical implications: Cluster dynamicism of knowledge sharing behavior based on the differentiated and specified group of employee functions distinctly which in turn increases the organizational productivity with a particular focus on the mid-management of the service sector – a key managerial implication of this study. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this research paper is the first of its kind in Jammu and Kashmir adding value to the international literature in the area of knowledge sharing behaviors of service sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foamed concrete, renowned for its lightweight nature and thermal insulating properties, has gained substantial interest in the construction industry. The stability of foamed concrete is directly related to the stability of preformed foam used for making foamed concrete. Foam stability is the prime factor which influences the overall performance and properties of the foamed concrete. Foam stability refers to the ability of the foam to maintain its structure and volume over time. The stability of foamed concrete is greatly impacted by the selection of the foaming agent and the ratio of foaming agent to water (FA/W). Protein based foaming agent (as per ASTM C796/C796M-19) has been used for this study. An excess of water can weaken the foam structure, leading to instability, while inadequate water can lead to issues such as reduced workability and uneven distribution of foam within the mixture. This paper investigates the effect of FA:W ratio on the stability of foam concrete. Three different FA:W ratio i.e. 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 has been used for this study. Respective slumps to these ratios have also been investigated at different time intervals to check their consistencies. The main aim of this study is to optimize the FA/W ratios on the properties of foamed concrete. Three mix proportions were used to produce foam concrete of 1000kg/m3 density. Impact of aforementioned FA/W ratios on the properties of foamed concrete (As per; IS 2185 part-4) were discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have emerged as a sustainable and highly promising technology that has garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide. These systems provide an efficient platform for the removal and recovery of valuable products from wastewater, with minimal or no net energy loss. Among the various types of BES, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a notable example, utilizing microbial biocatalytic activities to generate electrical energy through the degradation of organic matter. Other BES variants include microbial desalination cells (MDCs), microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), microbial electrosynthesis cells (MXCs), microbial solar cells (MSCs), and more. BESs have demonstrated remarkable potential in the recovery of diverse products such as hydrogen, methane, volatile fatty acids, precious nutrients, and metals. Recent advancements in scaling up BESs have facilitated a more realistic assessment of their net energy recovery and resource yield in real-world applications. This comprehensive review focuses on the practical applications of BESs, from laboratory-scale developments to their potential for industrial commercialization. Specifically, it highlights successful examples of value-added product recovery achieved through various BES configurations. Additionally, this review critically evaluates the limitations of BESs and provides suggestions to enhance their performance at a larger scale, enabling effective implementation in real-world scenarios. By providing a thorough analysis of the current state of BES technology, this review aims to emphasize the tremendous potential of these systems for sustainable wastewater treatment and resource recovery. It underscores the significance of bridging the gap between laboratory-scale achievements and industrial implementation, paving the way for a more sustainable and resource-efficient future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The thymus normally forms in the neck from the third pharyngeal pouch and descends to its normal position in the mediastinum. Arrest of descent or sequestration of thymic tissue can occur at any point along its path leading to an ectopic thymus which can present as a neck mass, usually in the paediatric age group. Purpose and Case Report: Ultrasound is generally performed in the presence of a neck mass in children. Although a characteristic 'starry sky' appearance of the thymus has been described on ultrasound, it is not considered sufficiently specific and cross-sectional imaging with magnetic resonance imaging is usually performed. On magnetic resonance imaging, the ectopic thymus appears as a homogeneous T1 isointense and T2 hyperintense mass and may actually appear ominous due to the tendency of ectopic thymus to sometimes show diffusion restriction unlike the normal thymus. Subsequent invasive biopsy or surgical removal is usually necessary to rule out a neoplastic lesion. In our observation, the ultrasound appearance of thymus is sufficiently distinctive to be confidently diagnosed as ectopic thymic tissue. This appearance is similar to the high-resolution appearance of an embroidery yarn. The reason most radiologists are not aware of the same is because the normal mediastinal thymus is not usually imaged by ultrasound. Conclusion: An accurate diagnosis on ultrasound would mean avoidance of expensive cross-sectional imaging and invasive biopsy or surgical excision in favour of regular non-invasive follow-up ultrasound scans until the lesion involutes in late childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar amalgamated from grass Desmostachya bipinnata was used for supercapacitors and microbial fuel cell applications. Herein, the nitrogen driven simple carbonization method at 800 C was used without activating agent for preparation of biochar material. The crystalline state, morphology, structural porosity, thermal properties, and vibrational surface area of the biochar were examined using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Raman, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the surface functional groups containing oxygen are assessed. The electrodes in supercapacitor and microbial fuel cells are developed from the functionalized biochar material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies with 1 M H2 SO4 electrolytes and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliu thiocyanate (EMImSCN) ionic liquid were conducted to compare the electrochemical properties of the fabricated supercapacitor. The primed electrodes unveiled augmented capacitance in1M H2 SO4 electrolyte as ~ 26 F/g in comparison to EMImSCN ionic liquid as ~ 22 F/g. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) emboding the primed electrode as cathode material exhibited a maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) about 819 ± 25 mV and a power density maximum of 0.78 ± 0.09 mW/m3. Significant removal of 77.14% was achieved in chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the effluent with an average effluent concentration of 1423 ± 25 mg/l. On the basis of the obtained results, we can predict that Desmostachya bipinnata can be a very suitable precursor for preparing carbon material for its use as electrode material for electrochemical energy system (energy conversion and energy storage) devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study assessed the capability of Tetradesmus sp. NITD18, a green algal strain collected from the run-off water of a gas producing industry at Durgapur, for removing p-nitrophenol (PNP) from synthetic wastewater. The maximum removal efficiency of 59.64 ± 0.30 % was observed at an initial PNP concentration of 5 mg/L, initial pH 7, inoculum size of 15 % (v/v), and an incubation period of 15 days. The effect of pH (7–12) and inoculum sizes (5–15 %) on the removal of PNP using the test strain was assessed by varying these parameters judiciously. The results suggested that the Tetradesmus sp. NITD18 strain has considerable potential for PNP removal from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the Himalayan region, where glaciers and snow cover area (SCA) critically influence river runoff, monitoring SCA on a spatio-temporal basis is essential for the effective utilization of water resources. This study delves into the complex dynamics of snow cover within the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra basins in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region (HKH), leveraging the high temporal resolution of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The MODIS data, with its reduced cloud cover, offers an enhanced observation capability for these high-elevation regions. Our research focuses on evaluating the annual and seasonal variations in SCA across these basins from 2003 to 2021 and correlates these variations with critical climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation, using data from the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Atmospheric Reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5). The study presents a comprehensive assessment of SCA, highlighting significant findings that include a range of mean annual SCA from 22.31 to 42.14%, with notable seasonal fluctuations. The data analysis reveals a clear correlation between SCA variability and climatic parameters, particularly temperature, indicating a high sensitivity of snow cover to temperature changes. Notably, the most significant temperature increases and their impacts on SCA were observed in the Ganga and Brahmaputra basins. Furthermore, the study examines how topographical attributes such as elevation, slope, and aspect contribute to the distribution of SCA, revealing the critical role these factors play in determining the varying elevations of the snow line across each basin. These findings underscore the profound influence of climate change on snow cover dynamics in this region. The study's insights into the spatial and temporal variability of SCA, coupled with the observed climatic trends, emphasize the urgent need for adaptive water resource management strategies in these crucial river basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella Typhi is a human-restricted pathogen that is transmitted by the faecal–oral route and causative organism of typhoid fever. Using health facility data from 2016 to 2020, this study focuses on modelling the spatial variation in typhoid risk in Ndirande township in Blantyre. To pursue this objective, we developed a marked inhomogeneous Poisson process model that allows us to incorporate both individual-level and environmental risk factors. The results from our analysis indicate that typhoid cases are spatially clustered, with the incidence decreasing by 54% for a unit increase in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) score. Typhoid intensity was also higher in children aged below 18 years than in adults. However, our results did not show evidence of a strong temporal variation in typhoid incidence. We also discuss the inferential benefits of using point pattern models to characterise the spatial variation in typhoid risk and outline possible extensions of the proposed modelling framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the use of carbonized Himalayan Chir Pine Biomass, known as Chir Pine Activated Carbon (CPAC), as an eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorbent for efficient industrial dye removal, with a focus on environmental sustainability. By applying different additive treatments, four adsorbents (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were formulated. CPAC was synthesized through pyrolysis and characterized using various analytical techniques including FE-SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The adsorption capacity of CPAC was evaluated using Malachite Green (MG) dye as a model contaminant. FE-SEM images revealed high porosity (~ 10 µm) and a high surface area (119.886 m2/g) as confirmed by BET testing. CPAC effectively removed MG dye within 30 min at a solution pH of 7. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models indicated both monolayer and multilayer adsorption, while kinetic models suggested chemisorption. The regeneration efficiency was assessed using 0.1 N HCl over five consecutive cycles, with C4 demonstrating a high regeneration tendency of 85% and only a 9% reduction in adsorption ability after the fifth cycle. The developed CPAC shows excellent potential for use in the textile, paper, and leather industries for industrial dye adsorption, contributing to the protection of aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, CPAC can be utilized in other water and air purification applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead (Pb) contamination in water poses a significant threat to public health across the globe which requires effective remediation strategies. The main objective of this study is to achieve a removal efficiency of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media using activated Syzygium cumini (java plum) stem biochar. It was prepared by slow pyrolysis at 400 °C after treating the biomass with potassium hydroxide for activation. These biochars were characterized thoroughly (SEM, SEM–EDX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, elemental analyses, and SBET) to conduct a set of batch experiments. The effect of several parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentrations, and co-existing ions were explored. The decrease in starting lead concentrations from 50 to 10 mg L−1 resulted in improved removal efficiency. The removal effectiveness of activated biochar was 97%, but non-activated biochar was just 19%. Lead adsorption increased considerably as pH increased from 3 to 5. Further, the activated biochar was optimized through various isotherms models, kinetic equations, and thermodynamic analysis. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Temkin isotherms were the best-fitted models that identify the mechanism of chemisorption and monolayer sorption. According to this study, activated biochar is a promising biosorbent for removing lead from an aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermodynamic model developed by our group has been employed to explore the electro-optical properties of the chiral antiferroelectric smectic C (Sm $C_A^*$ C A ∗ ) phase. In the present study, the temperature dependence of tilt angle and spontaneous polarization of binary ferroelectric mixtures represented as W-330-3 and W-331-3 exhibiting ferroelectric Sm C* and antiferroelectric Sm $C_A^*$ C A ∗ phase has been investigated. Within the framework of this model, the free-energy density characterizing the system featuring the Sm $C_A^*$ C A ∗ phase is expressed as a series expansion that incorporates all pertinent degrees of freedom: tensor orientational order ${{\bf{Q}}_{{\bf{ij}}}}$ Q ij , scalar smectic order ψ, polarization vector P, wave vector q of the helix and the resulting coupling terms between these order parameters. The values of Landau coefficients featured in the expansion series are derived from experimental data (tilt angle and spontaneous polarization) of W-330-3 and W-331-3. A substantial agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental observations has been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, modulus of continuity, second kind Chebyshev wavelet and Hölder class are studied. The moduli of continuity and approximations of functions whose second derivative belonging to Hölder class have been determined by second kind Chebyshev wavelet. The operational matrix of integration for second kind Chebyshev wavelet has been framed. Using this, numerical solutions of non-linear singular differential equations have been obtained. The modulus of continuity, approximations, solution of Lane-Emden equation of index p=1 as well as the comparison with the exact solution and applicability of second kind Chebyshev wavelet method in finding numerical solution of Chandrasekhar's white dwarf equation are significant achievements of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of blockchain technology has spurred research and industrial advances, presenting potential benefits and practical solutions for various industries and their communities. Blockchain technology enables the efficient distribution, sharing, and secure storage of transactional data, leading to increased transparency and productivity in supply chains. While blockchain is seen as a disruptive technology, it is essential to explore its applicability to various industries. To this end, this study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the extant blockchain literature to better understand its potential applications. The study presents a systematic literature review that highlights the practical application of blockchain technology transfer in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, banking and financial services, and media and entertainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem neurocutaneous disorder. Scoliosis and dural ectasia are features of the associated mesodermal dysplasia. Lateral thoracic meningoceles can develop in NF1 and progressively enlarge due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsations. Large meningoceles can cause compressive symptoms in the thorax. We are reporting a case of a NF1 presenting with acute onset respiratory distress, who also had chronic orthostatic headaches. CT chest showed unruptured enlarging bilateral lateral thoracic meningoceles causing lung compression. MRI of the brain and spine showed features of CSF hypotension, explaining the headaches. CSF hypotension with unruptured meningoceles is extremely rare. Management of the condition is challenging since surgical removal is prone to complications due to underlying mesodermal abnormalities. Cystoperitoneal shunting to relieve lung compression may worsen CSF hypotension. A shunt with a programmable valve allowed controlled drainage and successfully relieved lung compression without worsening of orthostatic headaches in our case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella Paratyphi A, one of the major etiologic agents of enteric fever, has increased in prevalence in recent decades in certain endemic regions in comparison to S. Typhi, the most prevalent cause of enteric fever. Despite this increase, data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of S. Paratyphi A remain generally scarce. Here, we analysed the whole genome sequences of 216 S. Paratyphi A isolates originating from Kathmandu, Nepal between 2005 and 2014, of which 200 were from patients with acute enteric fever and 16 from the gallbladder of people with suspected chronic carriage. By exploiting the recently developed genotyping framework for S. Paratyphi A (Paratype), we identified several genotypes circulating in Kathmandu. Notably, we observed an unusual clonal expansion of genotype 2.4.3 over a four-year period that spread geographically and systematically replaced other genotypes. This rapid genotype replacement is hypothesised to have been driven by both reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and genetic changes to virulence factors, such as functional and structural genes encoding the type 3 secretion systems. Finally, we show that person-to-person is likely the most common mode of transmission and chronic carriers seem to play a limited role in maintaining disease circulation. Author summary: Enteric (typhoid) fever is caused by bacteria of Salmonella enterica species, specifically Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A. While the former is most commonly identified as the causative agent of enteric fever, S. Paratyphi A is increasing in prevalence in many endemic areas like Nepal. However, the understanding of the phylogenetic structure and population dynamics of this organism, as well as transmission patterns, remains incomplete. Here, we provide a detailed phylogenetic analysis of S. Paratyphi A isolated from enteric fever patients in Nepal through whole genome sequence analysis, combined with epidemiological observations, such as water source use, and chronological and location data. We observed an unusual expansion of a genotype (genetic ID) that replaced other genotypes in the area, indicative of changes in circulating population composition. This expansion is hypothesised to have been driven by reduction in antibiotic susceptibility and changes on bacterial structures that are important for pathogenicity. Our data also suggest person-to-person as the most likely mode of transmission for this pathogen. Understanding of S. Paratyphi A population structure, sources of infection, and transmission will help develop policies for enteric fever management, particularly prior to vaccine introduction, as changes in population composition may affect vaccine efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil spills in the ocean and the release of contaminated wastewater from industries cause significant harm to the ecosystem and water sources. To tackle this environmental problem, oil–water mixture separation has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Improving oil absorbents is crucial in removing organic contaminants from wastewater produced by industrial activities. To this end, there is an increasing need for materials that can efficiently and flexibly recover oils from contaminated ocean waters, industrial wastewater, and other sources. Silicones are often used for this purpose because of their exceptional mechanical and thermal durability, as well as their low toxicity. The materials produced from silicones, such as foam, sponge, or substrate, exhibit excellent oil-absorbing properties (maximum oil absorption range, 23.2–77 g/g) and outstanding compression cycles. This article review highlights the advancements in the manufacturing of silicone-based products that have been extensively researched for oil–water separation. Understanding the interdependencies that determine the structure, performance, and manufacturing strategy is essential to producing selective oil absorbents with more commercial potential in the future. Recycling of silicones has also become increasingly important as a goal for the circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorbents were selected, developed, and compared for their potential to remove antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from wastewater. The materials studied for the purpose are chitosan (CS), chitosan nanoparticles (CNP), bark, pyrolyzed bark (PB), CTAB-modified pyrolyzed bark (CTAB-PB), and diethyl aminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-C). Characterization techniques like FESEM-EDX, TEM, FTIR, and XRD were studied to exhibit the successful synthesis of the materials and to understand the mechanism of adsorption processes. The batch experiments were studied to assess the potential of the adsorbents to remove ARGs from wastewater. All the studied adsorbents exhibited reusability and significant removal efficiency under different experimental conditions. However, the adsorption process exhibited the following order of removal efficiency: DEAE-C > CNP > CS > CTAB-PB > PB. The order of process kinetics was observed to be pseudo-second-order for all the adsorbent materials. The presence of coexisting anions was observed to affect the adsorption process of all the adsorbents, and the temperature variations on the other hand did not seem to have much effect on the adsorption process. Approximately 99% removal efficiency was attained in 60 min. Using DEAE-C and more than 80% removal efficiency was achieved in the presence of coexisting anions. DEAE-C exhibited maximum cycles of reusability (7 cycles) and up to 90% adsorptive removal efficiency at the 7th cycle. Overall, the potential of DEAE-C was phenomenal in all the aspects of adsorptive removal efficiency, performance in the presence of coexisting anions and temperature, and reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overdose of acetaminophen (paracetamol), a widely used non-prescriptive analgesic and antipyretic medication, is one of the main causes of drug-induced acute liver failure around the world. Oxidative stress contributes to this hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants are known to protect the liver from oxidative stress. Selenium, a potent antioxidant, is a commonly used micronutrient. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of selenium on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Treating Wistar albino mice with sodium selenite (1 mg/kg) before or after inducing hepatotoxicity with acetaminophen (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced the levels of liver injury biomarkers such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase. In addition, selenium-treated mice showed decreased levels of oxidative stress markers such as protein carbonyls and myeloperoxidase. Acetaminophen treatment stimulated all three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Keap1 and decreased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 in liver and in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages, which was reversed by selenium treatment. Our findings suggest that the reactive oxygen species-mediated Nrf2 and MAPK pathways are critical players in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. These key findings offer an alternative therapeutic target for addressing acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile robots have been widely used in warehouse applications because of their ability to move and handle heavy loads. This study deals with sensor fusion of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) devices like Pozyx for indoor localization in a warehouse environment. UWB is a key positioning technology for the complex indoor environment and provides low-cost solutions for sensor fusion. The IMU and position data are collected for different random trajectories from Pozyx tags placed in the Turtlebot2i differential drive mobile robot. These data are used to estimate the position and orientation of the robot. Different filters like Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Convolution Neural Network based LSTM (CNN-LSTM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) filters are employed for accurate indoor positioning. Furthermore, the performance of IMU sensor fusion with IMU + UWB sensor fusion was compared based on Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Loss, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for different trajectories. Simulations and experimental tests were carried out for different trajectories and the test results show that fused data using CNN-LSTM had less positioning error compared to other filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper put forward an embedded scheme to execute image watermarking in light of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD) and Charge System Search (CSS) method. In the proposed scheme, Charge System Search technique is applied to advance the multiple scaling factors (MSFs). To approve the proposed scheme, six different images are used to inspect its performance and its outcomes are likewise contrasted with the past work announced in writing. From the results, it very well may be seen that proposed watermarking technique is a vigorous and proficient methodology in the field of grayscale image watermarking technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in response to glucose elevation to maintain glucose homeostasis. A complex network of inter-organ communication operates to modulate insulin secretion and regulate glucose levels after a meal. Lipids obtained from diet or generated intracellularly are known to amplify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we show that a Drosophila secretory lipase, Vaha (CG8093), is synthesized in the midgut and moves to the brain where it concentrates in the insulin-producing cells in a process requiring Lipid Transfer Particle, a lipoprotein originating in the fat body. In response to dietary fat, Vaha stimulates insulin-like peptide release (ILP), and Vaha deficiency results in reduced circulatory ILP and diabetic features including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Our findings suggest Vaha functions as a diacylglycerol lipase physiologically, by being a molecular link between dietary fat and lipid amplified insulin secretion in a gut-brain axis. Amplification of glucose stimulated insulin secretion by lipids is not fully understood due to complex inter organ communication in glycemic regulation. Here the authors show Vaha, a Drosophila lipase synthesized in the gut, concentrates in insulin producing cells in the brain to regulate insulin like peptide release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the nuances of organizational culture and its influence on employee involvement within national and multinational companies. Utilizing established frameworks in organizational behavior and culture, the research explores dimensions such as empowerment, team orientation, and capability development. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing from Cameron and Quinn's Competing Values Framework (2006) and Denison's model (1990), the study employs statistical analysis to compare mean "Involvement" scores between national and multinational companies. Subsequent analysis delves into the traits of empowerment, team orientation, and capability development. ANOVA is utilized to scrutinize variations in Team Orientation and Capability Development, considering leadership and cultural context. Findings: Multinational companies exhibit lower mean involvement scores, particularly emphasizing team orientation with slightly higher capability development. ANOVA identifies significant differences in Team Orientation, highlighting leadership's role. Borderline significance in Capability Development warrants further exploration. Research limitations/implications: The study's scope is limited to national and multinational companies, potentially overlooking nuances in smaller organizations or across diverse industries. Longitudinal studies could provide deeper insights into the evolving nature of organizational culture and involvement. Practical implications: Tailored interventions are recommended for multinational companies, emphasizing team collaboration and capability development. National companies are advised to address variability in empowerment perceptions for a more consistent organizational culture. Social implications: Fostering a culture of involvement not only enhances organizational effectiveness but also contributes to employee well-being and satisfaction, ultimately benefiting society by promoting healthier work environments. Originality/value: This study contributes to the understanding of how organizational culture influences employee involvement across different types of companies, offering insights for practitioners to foster more engaged and effective workplaces. Additionally, it underscores the importance of considering cultural context and leadership in shaping organizational dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal cocoon syndrome is a rare clinical presentation that has been associated with abdominal tuberculosis in rural India. It is also known as sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, where the small bowel becomes encapsulated by a fibrous membrane due to unclear causes, leading to obstipation. Common symptoms include vomiting, nausea, and constipation. Due to these general clinical symptoms, it can be mistaken for other gastrointestinal disorders, resulting in delayed diagnosis, which may lead to adverse outcomes or even mortality. Surgery is often used to free the entrapped bowel and remove the fibrous tissue, while supportive care and problem management are crucial. The present case involves a 55-year-old male who presented with a distended abdomen and obstipation, leading to intestinal perforation and sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, which was managed through resection and anastomosis of the small intestine. The patient was followed-up after three months with no new complaints. The present case helps in understanding the sequelae of acute intestinal perforation that can result in abdominal cocoon syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is an unusual tumor of the pancreas. Unlike ductal adenocarcinoma, SPN is commoner in young women and is indolent with better prognosis. Fifteen percent of patients, however, develop metastases, often synchronous and involving the liver or peritoneum. Owing to the paucity of cases, management of the metastatic disease is not clearly defined. Retrospective review of case notes of patients treated between 2006 and 2019. There were 53 patients with SPN of which 4 had hepatic metastases—3 synchronous and 1 metachronous. Two patients underwent simultaneous distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy with liver resection (right posterior sectionectomy and metastasectomy). One required right hepatectomy with metastasectomy for metachronous liver metastases. The other underwent a staged operation—remnant tumor excision with metastasectomy followed by right hepatectomy after portal vein embolization. All four patients are recurrence free on median follow-up of 38.5 months. In view of the excellent prognosis, we recommend radical resection of both the primary lesion and metastases for SPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Free water (FW)-corrected diffusion measures are more precise compared to standard diffusion measures. This study comprehensively evaluates FW and corrected diffusion metrics for whole brain white and deep gray matter (WM, GM) structures in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) and attempts to ascertain the probable patterns of WM abnormalities. Method: Diffusion MRI was acquired for subjects with PD (n = 133), MSA (n = 25), PSP (n = 30) and matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 99, n = 24, n = 12). Diffusion metrics of FA, MD, AD, RD were generated and FW, corrected FA maps were calculated using a bi-tensor model. TBSS was carried out at 5000 permutations with significance at p < 0.05. For GM, diffusivity maps were extracted from the basal ganglia, and analyzed at an FDR with p < 0.05. Results: Compared to HC, PD showed focal changes in FW. MSA showed changes in the cerebellum and brainstem, and PSP showed increase in FW involving supratentorial WM and midbrain. All three showed increased substantia nigra FW. MSA, PSP demonstrated increased FW in bilateral putamen. PD showed increased FW in left GP externa, and bilateral thalamus. Compared to HC, MSA had increased FW in bilateral GP interna, and left thalamic. PSP had an additional increase in FW of the right GP externa, right GP interna, and bilateral thalamus. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated definitive differences in the patterns of FW alterations between PD and atypical parkinsonian disorders suggesting the possibility of whole brain FW maps being used as markers for diagnosis of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new glass-forming composition (GFC) has been proposed in the Zr–Cu–Al–Ag system using thermodynamic modelling. Enthalpy of chemical mixing (∆Hchem) and mismatch entropy (∆Sσ/kB) is used along with configurational entropy (∆Sc/R) to optimize the GFC. In the present work, a novel computational calculation method is introduced on behalf of a graphical approach to accurately determine GFCs using the aforementioned thermodynamic parameters. Systematically quaternary Zr–Cu–Al–Ag system is subdivided into ternary systems to determine PHS (∆Hchem*∆Sσ/kB) and PHSS (PHS*∆Sc/R) parameters. The PHSS parameter is critically compared with reported Zr–Cu–Al–Ag BMGs. Based on the computational approach a new composition, Zr47Cu40Al8Ag5, is determined which is found to closely match with earlier reported metallic glasses. The role of varying Ag concentration from 1 to 8 at. pct has been analysed to understand the stability in GFCs. A thermodynamic analysis is also endeavoured to further explore the role of binary pairs on ∆Hchem, ∆Sσ/kB, ∆Sc/R, PHS, and PHSS in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare malignancy associated with mutations in the DICER1 gene. Early-stage disease (PPB type I) mimics cystic lung malformations and develops in infants <1 year of age, and PPB type II and III arises in older children. The objective of this study was to analyze predictive factors of mortality in pediatric patients aged 0-19 years diagnosed with PPB between 2000 and 2019 in the USA. Methods: A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients (0-19 years) in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database was conducted from 2000 to 2019 with a diagnosis of PPB using International Classification of Disease for Oncology, third edition code 8973/3 and rare tumor code 45. Demographics, incidence, staging, treatment, and mortality were extracted. A mortality risk predictive equation was developed using logistic regression. Statistical analysis was conducted through Microsoft Excel Analysis ToolPak and Solver. Results: There were a total of 71 new cases of PPB during the study period, with 16 (22%) deaths. The demographic analysis demonstrated that 40/71 (56.3%) patients were female, 57/71 (80.3%) were White, and 64/71 (90.1%) resided in metropolitan areas. Regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between mortality and stage (P = 0.029), need for chemotherapy (P = 0.047), and female sex (P = 0.019). There was no significant correlation between mortality and need for radiation, race, or age at diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis generated a predictive equation of mortality dependent on the stage of PPB, need for chemotherapy, and sex. This equation has an 82% accuracy, 81% sensitivity, and an 18% false positive rate. Conclusion: PPB is a rare disease. Distinguishing PPB from benign cystic lung malformations in infancy is important to avoid progression to Type II and III PPB. Advanced stages of PPB have a greater need for systemic chemotherapy and radiation with a poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]