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Background: A specific phobia of vomiting, often known as emetophobia, is a particularly common psychiatric disorder among adolescents. It is accompanied by a significant level of distress given the severity of its symptoms and the frequency of comorbidities, especially anxiety. Although no treatment protocols have been established for adolescents, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most frequently recommended treatment in the few published reports on adolescents with emetophobia. This case study aims to add to existing data indicating that CBT could be an effective treatment for emetophobia in adolescents. Case presentation: We illustrate the case of a 16-year-old adolescent girl who presented with a specific phobia of vomiting that had lasted 6 years and was comorbid with social anxiety. These diagnoses were made by the child psychiatrist according to the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder in its 5th version (DSM-5). CBT for his specific phobia of vomiting was recommended. The Emetophobia Questionnaire (EmetQ-13) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED-41) were used to assess disease evolution. CBT for emetophobia lasted 22 weekly sessions of 1 h each and included: psychoeducation, relaxation, positive self-talk techniques, cognitive restructuring, imagery rescripting of flashback memories, and graduated exposure in vivo. At the end of CBT, the specific phobia of vomiting was no longer retained as a diagnosis according to the DSM-5. The psychometric evaluation revealed that the EmetQ-13 scores considerably decreased. A decrease in both the total score and the social anxiety subscale score of the SCARED-41 was also obtained. The clinical and psychometric improvements were maintained 3 months after the end of therapy. Conclusions: This case report suggests that CBT could be an effective treatment for emetophobia in adolescents. It also helps reduce the level of associated anxiety. This article may encourage future research into randomized and controlled trials to protocolize and adapt the psychotherapeutic management of emetophobia in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: The association of pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and psychosis remains rare and unclear in the literature. We aim to elucidate the association between POMS and psychosis across case reports. Methods: We report a case of schizophrenia (SCZ) revealing POMS. We conducted a systematic review of case reports adhered to PRISMA 2020. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane for case reports describing psychoses in POMS cases. Findings: We presented a 21‐year‐old male who developed psychotic symptoms at 16 and was diagnosed with SCZ at 18. Regarding the treatment‐resistant SCZ, neurological assessment led to POMS. The patient had a favorable outcome after POMS management. Moreover, our systematic review of nine cases revealed that most psychoses began before or concomitant to the POMS diagnosis, highlighting a delay in identifying POMS. SCZ and BP were the most common types of psychosis observed. We observed a predominance of males with a median age at psychosis onset was 15 years (12.5–16.5 years). Treatment‐resistant SCZ was noted in one study along aside with our case. All cases had a good evolution after POMS management. Conclusion: Our study suggested a critical link between POMS and psychosis emphasizing the need for thorough evaluation, early diagnosis, and prompt management. This association highlights the importance of recognizing psychotic symptoms as potential indicators of POMS, particularly in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Under-diagnosed and under-treated, depression has a pejorative prognosis. The general practitioners (GP) represent the most often consulted healthcare professionals by depressed patients. The aim was to describe how the Tunisian GPs manage the depressed patients and to note the difficulties they encounter in order to suggest corrective measures. A survey was conducted among 140 GPs in Sfax Governorate. The percentage of the GPs whose responses conformed to the scientific data in at least 67% of the items was 31.4%. Four factors were correlated to a good management of depression: age (p = 0.028), masculine gender (p = 0.016), long career (p = 0.034) and participation to continuous medical education sessions on depression (p = 0.01). Our study revealed inadequacies in the management of depression by the GPs. GPs were invited to sensitizing meetings. A training on depression was assured for the future internship supervisors by the commission of medicine of family in the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]