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Accurate fluoride measurement in water is required for selecting safe water sources or for treatment options to lessen its impact on public health. A low-cost, portable device has been developed as a rapid fluoride measurement system. It works with an optimal concentration of alizarin red S-zirconium complex (ARS-Zr, the sensor reagent). The device is an LED-phototransistor-based assembly to detect changes in light absorbance at 527 nm, due to monotonically decreasing ARS-Zr concentration with increasing fluoride concentration in water. We have optimised reagent composition in the device, enabling us with a wider fluoride detection range (0.2–9 ppm), rapidly within 4 min; simultaneously ensuring better reagent stability for up to 34 days. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the device are 0.2 and 0.6 ppm, respectively. The device replicates an analytical spectrophotometer's performance, with a maximum error up to 5% in only a couple of cases. The hand-held device does not give any interference in the presence of even a very high 200 ppm concentration of other common heavy metals (${\rm{C}}{{\rm{a}}^{2 + }}$ C a 2 + , ${\rm{Z}}{{\rm{n}}^{2 + }}$ Z n 2 + , ${\rm{ F}}{{\rm{e}}^{2 + }}$ F e 2 + , ${\rm{M}}{{\rm{g}}^{2 + }}$ M g 2 + , ${\rm{ C}}{{\rm{u}}^{2 + }}$ C u 2 + ) and anions (${\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}^ - }$ C l − , ${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ N O 3 − , ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$ S O 4 2 − , ${{\rm{I}}^ - }$ I − , CH3COO−, ${\rm{CO}}_3^{2 - }$ C O 3 2 − ), which can be present in water. Fluoride concentration measurement above 1 ppm is unaffected, by even high phosphate concentration up to 10 ppm (typical phosphate level being only ≤ 2.3 ppm). Similarly, for silica concentration up to 10 ppm (typical silica level being 1-30 ppm), fluoride measurement remains unaffected. However, the presence of ${\rm{ F}}{{\rm{e}}^{3 + }}$ F e 3 + gives significant interference with fluoride. Overall, we demonstrate the device as an on-spot method, for rapid fluoride measurement, independent of TDS (57.6–151 ppm), pH (6.6–12.5) or conductivity (111.2–283 µS/cm) of the samples, at a low device cost of US$ 25 and reagent cost of 0.44 cents per sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cellular senescence is a key driver of decreased bone formation and osteoporosis. Leptin (LEP) has been implicated in cellular senescence and osteogenic differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which LEP mediates cellular senescence and osteogenic differentiation. Methods: C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with etoposide to induce cellular senescence, which was assessed by β-galactosidase staining. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to measure the levels of senescence markers p21 and p16, as well as osteogenic differentiation-related genes ALP, COL1A1, and RUNX2. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red S staining were performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. The NF-κB pathway and O-GlcNAcylation were assessed by western blotting. Results: Etoposide treatment increased the number of senescent cells and the levels of p21 and p16, along with elevated LEP expression. These effects were reversed by LEP knockdown. Additionally, LEP knockdown increased ALP staining density and osteoblast mineralization nodules, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of ALP, COL1A1, and RUNX2, indicating that LEP knockdown promoted osteogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. Mechanistically, LEP knockdown inactivated the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65. Furthermore, OGT was found to promote O-GlcNAcylation of LEP at the S50 site. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation of LEP inactivated the NF-κB pathway by reducing LEP protein levels, thereby inhibiting cellular senescence and promoting osteogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. This study may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, magnetic-zinc-aluminum-zirconium layered double hydroxide (Fe3O4/Zn-Al-Zr LDH) was synthesized by a simple and efficient co-precipitation method. This nanosorbent was employed as an innovative adsorbent for the removal of two anthraquinone dyes, namely Alizarin Red S (AR) and Alizarin Yellow (AY). The characteristic properties of Fe3O4/Zn-Al-Zr LDH were investigated by SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM and FTIR. The adsorption properties were studied by optimizing different variables such as contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, and adsorbent mass. Response surface methodology involving Box-Behnken design was also applied to offer an appropriate regression model for adsorption system and subsequently investigate the most influential variables. Furthermore, the experimental isotherm data and kinetic data revealed that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order model are acceptable, respectively. Maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities of Fe3O4/Zn-Al-Zr LDH were obtained 150.87 and 130.21 for AR and 166.85 and 145.35 mg/g for AY, in single and binary solutions, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and concomitant alterations in subchondral bone architecture. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of OA remains poorly understood. In the present study, we explored whether the calcification in the articular cartilage occurred in the early stage of mouse OA model, generated by the surgery destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), via the intra‐articular injection of alizarin complexone due to its anionic nature for binding calcium‐containing crystals. Although we did not observe the calcification in the articular cartilage of early stage of DMM mice, we unexpectedly identified alizarin complexone had the diffusion capacity for detecting the permeability from the articular cartilage to subchondral bone. Our data showed that the diffusion of alizarin complexone from the articular cartilage to calcified cartilage was greater in the early stage of DMM mice than that in sham controls. Additionally, we observed enhanced penetration of alizarin complexone through the periosteum in DMM mice compared to sham mice. In summary, we developed a novel imaging method that offers a valuable tool for further exploration of biochemical communication underlying OA development. Our findings provided new evidence that increased molecular interactions between the articular cartilage and subchondral bone is involved in the pathogenesis of OA progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By combining boric acid-modified carbon dots (p-CDs) and alizarin red (ARS), a double emission probe p-CDs@ARS with fluorescence at 410 nm and 600 nm is designed for the detection of glyphosate. When Cu2+ is added, it binds with ARS to cause ARS release from p-CDs@ARS, which decreases the fluorescence at 600 nm. However, in the presence of glyphosate, glyphosate competes to the binding of Cu2+, releasing ARS to bind with p-CDs again. Therefore, the fluorescence of 600 nm recovers. Based on this, the fluorescence of 410 nm and 600 nm act as the reference and response signal, respectively, achieving the ratiometric fluorescence detection of glyphosate. The linear range of glyphosate detection is 0.5–50 µM with a limit of detection at 0.37 µM which is well below the maximum residue limit for glyphosate in food. When the probe is used to detect the glyphosate residue in Pearl River water and cucumber, the detection results are well consistent with those detected by HPLC. The established method based on p-CDs@ARS has the advantages that the assembly of ratiometric fluorescence probe is simple, and the detection speed is fast. Additionally, a typical INHIBIT logical system has been successfully constructed based on glyphosate, Cu2+, and the fluorescence signal of p-CDs@ARS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented work focused on the preparation of a voltammetric sensor for hydroquinone (HQ) determination using a polycrystalline platinum electrode modified with Alizarin Red S (ARS). The electrode was prepared by electropolymerization of ARS on a platinum electrode through the application of 100 cyclic voltammetric segments between –0.4 and 1.2 V against Ag/AgCl (quasi-reference electrode). The modified poly (ARS)-Pt electrode was characterized in terms of stability and cyclic voltammetric behavior as a sensor for HQ in aqueous media. The modified electrode showed excellent stability and higher current than the unmodified electrode for the electrooxidation of HQ. Thus, the oxidation of HQ at poly (ARS)-Pt electrode exhibits notable electrocatalytic performance. The limit of detection is 0.16 µM, and the standard curve exhibits a linear relationship over the range from 0.25 to 15 µM (R2 = 0.999). Investigation of the response to some potential interferences indicated that the electrode is unresponsive to Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mo2+, Co2+, Bi2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Al3+, , , Cl–, phenol and resorcinol, but shows marginal change towards Hg2+ and Cu2+. Recovery tests indicated recovery values between 97.0% and 100.81% when analyzing real samples at the modified electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency of Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel method, particularly in the degradation of Alizarin Red S dye under various light sources, including UVA LED and sunlight irradiation. Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel method, followed by rigorous characterization using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, and UV-Vis DRS techniques to confirm their structural and optical properties. The photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated by observing the breakdown of Alizarin Red S dye under various lighting conditions, and the rate of the breakdown was analyzed using a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The study revealed that Cu-doped TiO2 exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity, particularly under UV light, achieving an 87.11% degradation of Alizarin Red S dye within 60 minutes. Under sunlight, the degradation efficiency was 73.02%, while under visible light, it was 56.19%. The introduction of copper into the TiO2 matrix effectively reduced the bandgap energy, thus improving the material's responsiveness to visible light. In conclusion, Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles significantly enhance the photocatalytic degradation of Alizarin Red S dye, particularly under UV light. The reduction in bandgap energy due to copper doping improves the material's responsiveness to visible light, making it a promising candidate for wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A validated stability-indicating instrumental thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method was developed to estimate alizarin from Ayurvedic formulations. A CAMAG Linomat five-sample applicator was used to apply the sample. Chromatographic separation of the marker was performed over TLC silica gel 60 F254 plates using toluene‒ethyl acetate‒formic acid (9:1.5:1, V/V) as the optimized mobile phase via a linear ascending technique in a twin-trough chamber. Detection and quantification were carried out at a wavelength of 259 nm using a CAMAG TLC Scanner 4. This method showed good peak symmetry for the marker with a retention factor (RF) of 0.50 ± 0.02 for alizarin. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 100‒1000 ng/spot for alizarin, and the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9904. The method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1) guidelines for linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy (recovery), and robustness. Also, the present research work includes with degradation studies of alizarin through various stability parameters such as alkali hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, water hydrolysis, oxidative stress degradation, photolytic degradation, and dry heat degradation. The developed instrumental TLC method resolved all degradation peaks and was thus found to be stability-indicating. In conclusion, the developed method is simple, reliable, and specific for the identification and quantification of alizarin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water‐soluble anthraquinone derived from alizarin, 3HAAQ, is introduced as the redox‐active material in a negative potential electrolyte (anolyte) for aqueous redox flow batteries operating at pH 14. The synthesis of 3HAAQ is carried out using the Mannich reaction, which significantly improves the solubility of the new compound, an important factor for its use in RFB. Pairing with potassium ferri/ferrocyanide positive electrolyte, this flow battery exhibits an open‐circuit voltage of 1.24 V and maintains nearly 80% of the theoretical capacity at 40 mA cm−2 current density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical sensor based on an electroactive nanocomposite was designed for the first time consisting of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO), polyaniline (PANI), and poly(alizarin red S) (PARS) for ciprofloxacin (CIPF) detection. The ERGO/PANI/PARS-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was constructed through a three-step electrochemical protocol and characterized using FTIR, UV–visible spectroscopy, FESEM, CV, LSV, and EIS. The new electrochemical CIPF sensor demonstrated a low detection limit of 0.0021 μM, a broad linear range of 0.01 to 69.8 μM, a high sensitivity of 5.09 μA/μM/cm2, and reasonable selectivity and reproducibility. Moreover, the ERGO/PANI/PARS/SPCE was successfully utilized to determine CIPF in milk with good recoveries and relative standard deviation (< 5%), which were close to those with HPLC analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A pH‐sensitive protein fibre membrane was prepared using alizarin (ALI), curcumin (CUR), gelatin, zein and cinnamaldehyde as raw materials, by electrospinning technology. The membrane was developed to detect food deterioration and extend shelf life. It was observed that the addition of CUR significantly enhanced the antioxidant and barrier properties of the membrane. The fibre membrane was responsive to pH with minimal colour alteration in response to humidity (from 20% to 80% relative humidity) and demonstrated excellent reusability along with a low detection limit for ammonia gas. Moreover, it was capable of monitoring low concentrations of bacteria in the headspace. To assess the efficacy of the membrane, a freshness monitoring and preservation study was carried out on pork stored at 4°C for 5 days. The fibre membrane not only prolonged the shelf life of meat but also allowed real‐time monitoring of its freshness. The results highlight the potential application of the prepared nanofibres in the simultaneous monitoring and preservation of meat freshness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First synthesized in 1868, alizarin became one of the first synthetic dyes and was widely used as a red dye in the textile industry, making it more affordable and readily available than the traditional red dyes derived from natural sources. Despite extensive both experimental and computational analyses on the electronic effects of substituents on the shape of the visible spectrum of alizarin and alizarin Red S, no previous systematic work has been undertaken with the aim to fine tune the dominant absorption region defining its color by introducing other electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donor groups. For such, we have performed a comprehensive study of electronic effects of substituents in position C3 of alizarin by means of a time dependent DFT approach. These auxochromes attached to the chromophore are proven to alter both the wavelength and intensity of absorption. It is shown that the introduction of an electron‐donor group in alizarin causes the transition bands to be significantly red‐shifted whereas electron‐withdrawing groups cause a minor blue‐shifting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective removal of dye pollutants from water and wastewater is a key environmental challenge. The present study is developed to investigate alizarin (ALI) dye and its derivations, including Alizarin blue (ABL), Alizarin purpurin (APU), Quinalizarin (AQU), Alizarin cyanin (ACY), and Alizarin Red S (ARS) removal process from water and wastewater sources, using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) nanoadsorbents. Herein, we explore the process of how dye molecules are absorbed onto COFs with precise supramolecular structures. The molecular dynamics (MD) and well-tempered metadynamics (WTMtD) simulations are used to investigate this process in aqueous solution. From the results obtained, it is clear that the intermolecular van der Waals (vdw) and π-π interactions have a significant role on accelerating the interaction between dye molecules and the COF nanostructures. This ultimately leads to the creation of a stable dye-COF complex. The dye-adsorbent average interaction energy value reaches around APU-COF1=−604.34, AQU-COF1=-515.25, ABL-COF1=−504.74, ALI-COF1=−489.48, ARS-COF1=−475.81, ACY-COF1=−273.82, AQU-COF2=−459.76, ALI-COF2=−451.46, ABL-COF2=−405.90, APU-COF2=−367.55, ACY-COF2=−287.89, ARS-COF2=−210.63 kJ/mol for dye/COF1 and dye/COF2 complexes, respectively. The primary interaction between dye and COFs is attributed to the Lennard-Jones term, resulting from the formation of a strong π-π interaction between the dye molecules and the surface of the adsorbent. Overall, our simulations confirmed that the COF1 nanostructure is more effective than the COF2 nanostructure in removing alizarin dye and its derivatives. In this study, not only the performance of two COFs in removing alizarin dye and its derivatives has been compared, but also the possibility of removing alizarin dye and its derivatives with both COFs has been examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine dust causes various disorders, including cardiovascular, neurological, renal, reproductive, motor, systemic, respiratory, and cancerous diseases. Therefore, it is essential to study functional materials to prevent these issues. This study investigated the beneficial effects of erucic acid against fine dust using methods such as miRNA profiling, quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, and Alizarin O staining. Erucic acid effectively suppresses inflammation and upregulates osteogenic activators in fibroblasts exposed to fine dust. Additionally, erucic acid-induced exosomes (EIEs) strongly counteract the negative effects of fine dust on osteocytic differentiation and inflammation. Despite fine dust exposure, EIEs promoted osteocytic differentiation in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and enhanced osteogenesis and phagocytosis in macrophages. The significant upregulation of RunX2 and BMP7 by EIEs indicates its strong role in osteocytic differentiation and protection against the effects of fine dust. EIEs also boosts immune activity and acts as an osteogenic trigger for macrophages. MicroRNA profiling revealed that EIEs dramatically upregulated miRNAs, including hsa-miRNA-1301-3p, hsa-miRNA-1908-5p, hsa-miRNA-423-5p, and hsa-miRNA-122-5p, which are associated with osteogenic differentiation and immunity. Therefore, EIEs show potential as biomaterials to prevent environment-borne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally sourced pH‐sensitive indicator films are of interest for real‐time monitoring of food freshness through color changes because of their safety. Therefore, natural pigments for indicator films are required. However, pigment stability is affected by environmental factors, which can in turn affect the sensitivity and color stability of the pH‐sensitive indicator film. First, natural pigments (anthocyanin, betalain, curcumin, alizarin, and shikonin) commonly used in pH‐sensitive indicator films are presented. Subsequently, the mechanisms behind the change in pigment color under different pH environments and their applications in monitoring food freshness are also described. Third, influence factors, such as the sources, types, and pH sensitivity of pigments, as well as environmental parameters (light, temperature, humidity, and oxygen) of sensitivity and color stability, are analyzed. Finally, methods for improving the pH‐sensitive indicator film are explored, encapsulation of natural pigments, incorporation of a hydrophobic film‐forming matrix or function material, and protective layer have been shown to enhance the color stability of indicator films, the addition of copigments or mental ions, blending of different natural pigments, and the utilization of electrospinning have been proved to increase the color sensitivity of indicator films. This review could provide theoretical support for the development of naturally sourced pH‐sensitive indicator films with high stability and sensitivity and facilitate the development in the field of monitoring food freshness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was first synthesized and then it was reacted by alizarin red S (ARS), and therefore RGO functionalized with ARS was prepared (ARS/RGO). Then, structural analysis of the manufactured material was done by SEM and FTIR techniques. The FTIR results confirmed the interaction between ARS and RGO and the formation of ARS/RGO. A new electrochemical sensor was fabricated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode modified with ARS/RGO. The prepared electrode showed a quasi-reversible electrochemical behavior and also had a significant effect on the electrocatalytic oxidation of caffeine (CAF). The modified electrode was able to measure the CAF as an electrochemical sensor. The effect of different parameters was investigated on the oxidation of CAF at the modified electrode; the sensor has the highest current at pH = 4.0. The effect of different interference species on the response of CAF, and also the reproducibility and repeatability of the sensor was investigated and acceptable results were obtained. The electrochemical determination of CAF on the electrode surface was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry and in the linear range of 1.0-100.0 µM, the detection limit value was obtained as 0.022 µM. Finally, the designed sensor was used to measure the amount of CAF in some real samples and satisfactory results were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rubia cordifolia L. a spiky perennial climber of Rubiaceae family, is a rich reservoir of anthraquinone containing compounds purpurin and alizarin. It emerges as a versatile powerhouse possessing diverse pharmacological properties which includes antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, antiplatelet, potent blood purifier, diuretic, anti-stress, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antidiabetic and vasodilation. Thereby it offers a holistic approach for disease prevention through its pharmacological properties. Objectives: However due to lack of standardization for R. cordifolia roots and its derived marketed herbal products, its quality control remains a daunting task. The present study aims to develop a simple, novel, reliable and specific HPTLC method for quantifying purpurin and alizarin in R. cordifolia roots as well as in its marketed preparations. Materials and Methods: The separation and quantification of purpurin and alizarin has been carried out on HPTLC plates pre-coated with Silica gel 60 F254 as stationary phase and toluene, ethyl acetate, glacial acetic acid (6:3.5:0.5; v/v/v) as mobile phase. Determination and quantification were performed by densitometric scanning at 254 nm. Results: The developed method gave compact spots at Rf 0.57±0.007 for purpurin and 0.73±0.008 for alizarin. The method was validated as per International Council for Harmonization Q2(R1) guidelines for specificity, precision, robustness, accuracy and recovery. Linearity range for purpurin and alizarin was 100-2000 ng/spot, which showed good regression coefficient for purpurin and alizarin; R²=0.9967 and R²=0.9941 at 254 nm respectively. The LOD and LOQ for validated marker compounds purpurin and alizarin at 254 nm were found as 23.87±0.52, 71.61±0.84 ng/spot and 18.36±0.72, 55.08±0.26 ng/spot respectively. The content of purpurin and alizarin in R. cordifolia plant extract was found as 17.960±0.658, 34.645±1.153 µg/mg, marketed preparation A, contains 21.741±0.746 and 6.824±0.485 µg/mg while marketed preparation B, contains 18.289±1.014 and 3.031±0.234 µg/mg of the sample. Conclusion: The developed method was found to be simple, precise, accurate, economical and convenient for rapid screening of bioactive marker purpurin and alizarin present in methanolic extracts of R. cordifolia roots and its marketed preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the biological regulatory function of Gremlin1 (GREM1) and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta (YWHAH) in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and determine the underlying molecular mechanism involved. Methods: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, scratch migration assays and in vitro and in vivo osteo-/dentinogenic marker detection of bone-like tissue generation in nude mice were used to assess osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation. Coimmunoprecipitation and polypeptide microarray assays were employed to detect the molecular mechanisms involved. Results: The data revealed that knockdown of GREM1 promoted ALP activity, mineralisation in vitro and the expression of osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation markers and enhanced osteo-/ dentinogenesis of DPSCs in vivo. GREM1 bound to YWHAH in DPSCs, and the binding site was also identified. Knockdown of YWHAH suppressed the osteo-/dentinogenesis of DPSCs in vitro, and overexpression of YWHAH promoted the osteo-/dentinogenesis of DPSCs in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Taken together, the findings highlight the critical roles of GREM1-YWHAH in the osteo-/dentinogenesis of DPSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidative process is an efficient method to photocatalytically degrade the effluent pollution by organic dyes with a suitable catalyst. Photocatalysts with a heterojunction not only improve the excitation efficiency of the catalyst in the presence of light by broadening the wavelength range of absorption but also reduce the rate of recombination. ZnO and TiO2 were successfully synthesized in this study via solution combustion synthesis. Wurtzite ZnO was grown along with anatase TiO2 to create a heterojunction of ZnO–TiO2, and Co loading was carried out to improve the rate of electron transfer between the heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic activity. The photogenerated electrons are injected from the conduction band of ZnO to TiO2via Co to create ˙O2− and holes from TiO2 to form OH˙, which help to degrade alizarin S. The detailed photocatalytic experiment confirmed Co/ZnO–TiO2 as an extremely efficient catalyst, which shows the complete degradation of the dye alizarin S in just 40 minutes under UV light illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Uzbek Chemical Journal / O'Zbekiston Kimyo Jurnali is the property of Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reaction of Mn(OAc)2·4H2O with pentaerythritol (H4peol) in the presence of NaSCN leads to formation of a 1-D coordination polymer (CP) based on Mn(II), [Mn(SCN)2(peol)]n (1, SCN− = thiocyanate), under solvothermal conditions. EA, FTIR, PXRD, SCXRD and TGA analyses were used to study the composition and phase purity of the Mn(II) coordination polymer. The degradation of alizarin was investigated using organic framework substances as degradation agents. The results showed that the maximum degradation value of 86.12% was achieved at 50 min. This study not only promotes the preparation of organic frameworks, but also provides a feasible solution for the effective degradation of alizarin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of color dyes in modern society presents a great challenge to the environment. Thus, extensive studies have been conducted in the last 30 years on the removal of color dyes from aqueous solutions such industrial wastewater. In this study, the removal of alizarin red S (ARS), an anionic dye, from solution by raw calcite (Cal) and heat-treated calcite (HCal) was conducted and compared under different physico-chemical conditions. Based on the isotherm study, the ARS removal capacities increased from 167 to 251 mmol/kg after the Cal was heated to 1000 °C for 3 h. The X-ray diffraction analyses showed no difference in the calcite phase between Cal and HCal after ARS sorption. Fourier-transform infrared results also showed no change in the calcite phase after ARS sorption, except a slightly increase in wavenumber from 713 to 727 cm−1 for the OCO bending of HCal at high ARS sorption levels. SEM observations showed about the same particle size and morphology before and after ARS sorption. The TGA data showed the formation of CaO after Cal was heated, and CaO converted back into calcite after being in contact with water or ARS solution for 24 h and then being air-dried. Thus, the high ARS removal could be due to CaO produced after Cal being heated. The findings from this research proved that there is great potential in the use of calcite, a low-cost and readily available Earth material, after heat treatment for the removal of contaminants from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereomicroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflectance probe (FTIR-ATR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Photodiode Array system (HPLC–PDA), X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS), and 14C dating were applied to an assemblage of textile and leather fragments that belong to the collection of the Byzantine & Christian Museum of Athens in Greece and lacked inventory information.The analyses applied, along with bibliographical research, yielded information on the materials, techniques and provenance of the find. The assemblage of finds consists of a gold thread embroidered silk satin, dyed with shellfish-purple; a gold strip-drawn wire embroidered silk tabby; a gold strip-drawn wire and red silk thread tapestry; a gold-thread embroidery on a tabby background; fragments of braided cord; and leather fragments. The material components could have been produced locally, in the area of the Byzantine Empire, though some of them indicate connections with India and/or China. The assemblage, dated between the mid AD 10th and mid eleventh century, was probably found in 1924 by Andreas Xygopoulos during the excavation of a tomb inside the church of Agia Sophia in Thessaloniki, Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the regular fine structure of the colored matter distribution produced, when a freely falling multifluid drop spreads in deep water, is for the first time traced using the techniques of engineering photo and video recording. The flow pattern is studied in the initial stage of the formation of a cavity and a crown during the coalescence of a compound drop, whose core is a drop of alizarin ink solution coated with an oil shell. The distributions of the colored fluid at the cavity bottom and the crown walls include streaky structures, whose formation can be due to the processes of the available potential surface energy (APSE) conversion occurring when the contact surfaces of the merging fluids are eliminated. In the experiments the height of the falling drop was varied. The core position in the compound drop was not checked but was determined by separation conditions. The ink core disintegration into fibers was observable in all the experiments. The areas of the cavity and crown surfaces covered by the colored fluid reached maximum at the central position of the core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Taxonomic ambiguity still exists in ariid catfish species identification. Morphological similarities occur in ariid catfishes which lead to misidentification of the species. To overcome this taxonomic ambiguity osteology is one of the effective integrated taxonomic tools for species discrimination. From this study, we provide an osteotaxonomic key for the field identification of ariid catfish species. Methods: The fish samples were cleaned and washed with the freshwater put into the sample for 1% potassium hydroxide solution (KOH). Then fish samples were allowed for alkali digestion of muscle in the solution for 24-48 hours depending on the condition of the specimen. After the completion of the muscle digestion process, Alizarin S dye was used for staining the fish bones. Result: The present paper deals with a comparative study of the five Ariidae family species discussed, they are Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822), Plicofollis layardi (Gunther, 1866), Netuma thalassina (Ruppell, 1837), Nemapteryx caelata (Valenciennes, 1840) and Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linnaeus, 1758). The osteological portions used for this study like premaxillary, dentary, neurocranium, otolith, vertebral and caudal bone. The aforementioned osteological portions made the important primitive characters that will be used to differentiate the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, a rapid, selective, and sensitive technique was developed for the detection of Alizarin Red S (ARS) by applying poly leucine modified carbon paste electrode (PLMCPE). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to study the surface morphology of unmodified carbon paste electrode (UMCPE) and PLMCPE. The active surface area for UMCPE and PLMCPE was found to be 0.0012 cm2 and 0.0026 cm2 respectively. The electrochemical response of ARS at UMCPE and PLMCPE was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the potential window of 0.4 to 1.0 V. The cyclic voltammogram obtained for varying the pH of 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) solution showed maximum current for the oxidation of ARS at pH 6.5. The electrochemical reaction of ARS was found to be irreversible and adsorption controlled. The effect of variation of concentration of ARS on the oxidation peak current was evaluated using CV and linear scan voltammetry (LSV). A linear relationship between the concentration variation and current was obtained in the linear range of 1.5 μM–3.5 μM and 0.2 μM–5.0 μM for CV and LSV respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.68 μM for the CV method and 0.29 μM for the LSV method was exhibited by the developed sensor. The simultaneous study of ARS along with tartrazine (TZ) showed good selectivity for ARS. The interferents of foreign molecules showed no effect on the selectivity of the electrode. The applicability of PLMCPE on real samples gave good recovery ranging from 97.46–101.2%; hence, the sensor can be utilized on real samples. The developed sensor has good stability and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of effective and low‐cost materials as catalysts to combat the threat of pollution is a significant and growing trend. With this aim, we have synthesized calcium ferrite brownmillerite by wet preparation approach as a catalyst for pollution. The structural analysis is established by the X‐ray diffraction of Ca2Fe2O5, whereas the tetrahedral and octahedral sites band stretching for ferrite specimen has been deduced using FTIR. The bandgap energy has been estimated by the Tauc relation (2.17 eV). Ca2Fe2O5 brownmillerite exhibits a BET surface area of 10 m2/g and a BJH pore volume of 0.121 cm3/g with the average particle size of 70 nm. Importantly, the alizarin Red S dye degradation has been studied using the prepared ferrite catalyst, under dark ambient conditions and without the presence of any acidic or basic additives. Degradation is also supported by both FTIR and TOC analysis. Surface properties of brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5 have been characterized using electronic spectroscopy and CO2 temperature programmed desorption (TPD) analysis and revealed that the basic surface of brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5 offers active sites that are suitable for degradation processes. All results show that the preparation of brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5 via the Pechini method is suitable to produce fine surfaces and pores with nanosized particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many efforts have been made in the last few decades to selectively transport antitumor agents to their potential target sites with the aim to improve efficacy and selectivity. Indeed, this aspect could greatly improve the beneficial effects of a specific anticancer agent especially in the case of orphan tumors like the triple negative breast cancer. A possible strategy relies on utilizing a protective leaving group like alizarin as the Pt(II) ligand to reduce the deactivation processes of the pharmacophore enacted by Pt resistant cancer cells. In this study a new series of neutral mixed-ligand Pt(II) complexes bearing alizarin and a variety of diamine ligands were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized by FT-IR, NMR and UV–Vis analyses. Three Pt(II) compounds, i.e., 2b, 6b and 7b, emerging as different both in terms of structural properties and cytotoxic effects (not effective, 10.49 ± 1.21 μM and 24.5 ± 1.5 μM, respectively), were chosen for a deeper investigation of the ability of alizarin to work as a selective carrier. The study comprises the in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation against triple negative breast cancer cell lines and ESI-MS interaction studies relative to the reaction of the selected Pt(II) complexes with model proteins and DNA fragments, mimicking potential biological targets. The results allow us to suggest the use of complex 6b as a prospective anticancer agent worthy of further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light‐gated chemical reactions allow spatial and temporal control of chemical processes. Here, we suggest a new system for controlling pH‐sensitive processes with light using two photobases of Arrhenius and Brønsted types. Only after light excitation do Arrhenius photobases undergo hydroxide ion dissociation, while Brønsted photobases capture a proton. However, none can be used alone to reversibly control pH due to the limitations arising from excessively fast or overly slow photoreaction timescales. We show here that combining the two types of photobases allows light‐triggered and reversible pH control. We show an application of this method in directing the pH‐dependent reaction pathways of the organic dye Alizarin Red S simply by switching between different wavelengths of light, i. e., irradiating each photobase separately. The concept of a light‐controlled system shown here of a sophisticated interplay between two photobases can be integrated into various smart functional and dynamic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study provides the first review of alizarin, a natural dye, in terms of its historical aspects and its potential for functional applications in textiles. The review begins with a brief overview of natural alizarin and its occurrence in Rubiaceae family plants, followed by a discussion of alizarin acquisition from its botanical sources through conventional and advanced extraction methods. A special emphasis of this study is on the identification of natural alizarin colourants in archaeological and cultural textiles by using analytical methods based on reflectance, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chromatographic profiles. In addition, the functional properties of natural alizarin, including its antimicrobial activity, anti‐oxidant activity, insect repellence and ultraviolet protection, are analysed. This paper summarises the methods for obtaining alizarin for coloration, as well as advanced techniques for detecting alizarin in historical textiles, and potential applications of natural alizarin as a functional textile dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alizarin Red (AR) is one of the most colored hazardous industrial dyes. For effective removal of AR, a new sorbent of modified heterocyclic-magnetite chitosan nanocomposite labeled as AOC@MC was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD, BET, TEM,SAED pattern and SEM-EDX. Effect of contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Alizarine Red concentration and temperature was investigated. The maximum AR removal was 98.9% and attained at optimum conditions which were pH = 3.0, contact time = 50 min., and adsorbent dosage = 0.03 g/L. The findings revealed that at pH 3 and 30 °C, the maximum adsorption capacity was approximately 162 mg/g. Within 50 min, equilibrium adsorption was attained. A pseudo-second-order equation might be used to fit the kinetic data that was acquired at the optimal pH level of 3. Langmuir adsorption isotherms could accurately represent the adsorption process. The antimicrobial properties of the functionalized sorbent AOC@MC and its heterocyclic base AOC were characterized by determining the zone of inhibition (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia as a model for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively. AOC@MC exhibits promising activity with clear zones of 20.1 ± 0.2 and 17.6 ± 0.4 mm for S. aureus and K. pneumonia respectively. Overall, the modified sorbent AOC@MC was efficient on AR dye removal and antibacterial activity compared to the corresponding heterocyclic compound AOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern society, frequent use of synthetic materials in the household and industry presents a great challenge to environmental and water quality. As such, numerous types of research have been conducted for potential removal of emerging contaminants from water using advanced materials. Earth materials, due to their low costs and vast reserves, have also been evaluated in great details for contaminant removal. In this study, a naturally occurring carbonate mineral dolomite (Dol) was assessed for the removal of an anionic dye alizarin red S (ARS) from aqueous solution before and after heat treatment to increase its performance. The ARS-removal capacities increased from 80 to 130 mmol/kg after heat treatment based on the isotherm study. And the ARS-removal efficiency rose by a factor of four as the partitioning coefficient increased from 1.5 to 6 L/mmol after heat treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed minute conversion of dolomite into calcite after samples being heated at 800 °C for 3 h. However, there were no phase changes for ARS before and after its sorption. Fourie transform infra-red (FTIR) results also showed a minute appearance of calcite after heating. Thus, the increase in ARS sorption could be due to surface reactivation of Dol after heating or due to formation of a minute amount of amorphous MgO in the system as a result of the conversion of Dol to calcite. The results from this study will add new perspectives to the utilization of Earth materials for environmental application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel bi-functionalized nanocomposite based on graphene oxide-alizarin red-S cross-linked-2-mercapto-N-(3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl) acetamide (ARS-MTPS@GO) was developed for the sequestration of cadmium Cd(II) ions from water. The nanocomposite fabrication was characterized through different physicochemical techniques (FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman, and TGA). In addition to its hydrophilicity, high surface area, and ability to interact with the functionalized moieties, the ARS-MTPS@GO nanocomposite has improved Cd(II) adsorption. An optimization study was carried out on various analytical parameters that affect cadmium extraction, including the pH, contact time, and nanocomposite mass dosage. The maximum sorption capacity and percentage removal efficiency of Cd(II) ions reached 222.7 mg g−1 and 99.4 ± 3.7%, respectively, at pH = 6 within 30 minutes and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fits the sorption rate. Validation of the proposed method was evaluated for nine replicate measurements for recovery of Cd(II), showed favorable analysis precision, and the estimated detection limit was 0.18 ± 0.02 ng mL−1. Additionally, the reusability and stability of the nanocomposite and the effects of interfering cations and anions were investigated. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied for the selective extraction of Cd(II) from environmental water samples of different matrices, and the Cd(II) recoveries were 96.2–99.2%±2.3%. This study's findings prove the potential applicability of the novel nanocomposite for removing cadmium ions from different environmental waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Cu-substituted NiZn ferrite nanoparticles (Ni0.5Zn0.5-xCuxFe2O4; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) were synthesized by the polyol method and then characterized and investigated for their efficiency for the adsorptive removal of Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye as well as for their reusability. The effect of Cu2+ substitution for Zn2+ on the phase formation, crystal structure, microstructure and magnetic properties was investigated. The powders were pure phases with a cubic spinel structure and a slight departure of the unit cell parameter from the expected linearity variation as a function of Cu2 content. The particles are ultrasmall sized nanoparticles (~4–6 nm) with an almost spherical shape. The surface chemistry and the core local structure of the nanoparticles were ascertained from infrared. Magnetic study revealed a superparamagnetic behavior, and the variation observed for the main magnetic characteristics was interpreted on the basis on the changes in chemical composition, cation distribution and nanoparticles morphology. Adsorption–desorption of ARS onto the nanoparticles was investigated by varying various physicochemical parameters. The ferrite member with x = 0.15 exhibited the best removal capacity. At the optimum pH (pH2.0) the adsorption was fast during the first stage of adsorption process. Three kinetic models were tested. The adsorption data were best fitted with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms were measured and analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Based on Freundlich model, the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be high (~ 181 mg g−1). Besides, good reusability performance was observed after five adsorption–desorption-regeneration cycles. The mechanisms of both adsorption and desorption were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work was to develop a simple, rapid, economic spectrophotometric method for the determination of meldonium in capsules based on the reaction with alizarin. Materials and methods. Analytical equipment: double-beam UV-visible spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV 1800 (Japan), a pair of 1 cm matched quartz cells, software UV-Probe 2.62, laboratory electronic balance RAD WAG AS 200/C, pH-meter I-160 I. Pharmacopoeial standard sample (CRS) of meldonium dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, (=98 %, HPLC)), alizarin (Synbias), capsules Metamax (Darnytsia) 250 mg, Vasopro (Farmak) 500 mg, Mildronate (Grindex) 500 mg, dimethylformamide ("Honeywell Riedel-de Haen"). Results and discussion. A spectrophotometric method for determining meldonium in capsules by reaction with alizarine has been developed. The absorption maximum of the formed complex in dimethylformamide was at a wavelength of 517 nm. Stoichiometric ratios of reactive components «meldonium-alizarin » were 1:1. Validation of the developed analytical method for the determination of meldonium in medicines was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the SPhU. The optimal conditions for performing the quantitative determination of meldonium have been established: concentration of alizarin solution - 0.8 %, volume 0.8 % alizarin solution - 0.5 ml, heating time - 20 min, temperature - 95±2 °C. Linearity has been in the concentration range of 0.0402-0.1073 mg/mL, the limit of detection - 2.84 µg/mL, and the limit of quantification - 8.59 µg/mL. The eco-friendliness of the developed analytical method was carried out using the analytical eco-scale, AGREE, and GAPI methods. Conclusions. The developed method can be used as an arbitration method for the routine analysis of meldonium capsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work provides significant insight into the molecular structure of alizarin lake pigments used by artists in the past. To characterize two red powders, lakes 1 and 2, obtained by complexation of 1,2-dihydroxy anthraquinone (alizarin) with Al3+, a multi-analytical approach was designed based on solid and liquid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Lake 1 was synthesized according to literature and compared with lake 2, a reproduction of an artist's pigment. FTIR showed Al3+ coordinated to oxygens in C1 and C9, and that in lake 2 the -OH groups in C2 are protonated, being responsible for its low solubility. 1H-NMR proved that lake 2 is formed by two tautomers [Al(Aliz-2-H-)2(OH)(H2O)] and [Al(Aliz-10-H-)2(OH)(H2O)], the latter being the major species. SS-NMR was the only technique that got insight into the Al3+ coordination, octahedral for both lakes. It confirmed the existence of two species in lake 2, in a 5:1 ratio. Both are amorphous "open structures", resulting in fewer constraints for the ligands and in a large variety of geometries. SS-NMR allowed the analysis of the red pigments without preparation, which is a unique advantage for their study in artworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DAF-FM DA is widely used as a live staining compound to show the presence of nitric oxide (NO) in cells. Applying this stain to live zebrafish embryos is known to indicate early centers of bone formation, but the precise (cellular) location of the signal has hitherto not been revealed. Using sections of zebrafish embryos live-stained with DAF-FM DA, we could confirm that the fluorescent signals were predominantly located in areas of ongoing bone formation. Signals were observed in the bone and tooth matrix, in the notochord sheath, as well as in the bulbus arteriosus. Surprisingly, however, they were exclusively extracellular, even after very short staining times. Von Kossa and Alizarin red S staining to reveal mineral deposits showed that DAF-FM DA stains both the mineralized and non-mineralized bone matrix (osteoid), excluding that DAF-FM DA binds non-specifically to calcified structures. The importance of NO in bone formation by osteoblasts is nevertheless undisputed, as shown by the absence of bone structures after the inhibition of NOS enzymes that catalyze the formation of NO. In conclusion, in zebrafish skeletal biology, DAF-FM DA is appropriate to reveal bone formation in vivo, independent of mineralization of the bone matrix, but it does not demonstrate intracellular NO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a first-of-its-kind electrochemical sensor that demonstrates direct real-time continuous soil pH measurement without any soil pre-treatment. The sensor functionality, performance, and in-soil dynamics have been reported. The sensor coating is a composite matrix of alizarin and Nafion applied by drop casting onto the working electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and squarewave voltammetry (SWV) studies were conducted to demonstrate the functionality of each method in accurately detecting soil pH. The studies were conducted on three different soil textures (clay, sandy loam, and loamy clay) to cover the range of the soil texture triangle. Squarewave voltammetry showed pH-dependent responses regardless of soil texture (while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy's pH detection range was limited and dependent on soil texture). The linear models showed a sensitivity range from −50 mV/pH up to −66 mV/pH with R2 > 0.97 for the various soil textures in the pH range 3–9. The validation of the sensor showed less than a 10% error rate between the measured pH and reference pH for multiple different soil textures including ones that were not used in the calibration of the sensor. A 7-day in situ soil study showed the capability of the sensor to measure soil pH in a temporally dynamic manner with an error rate of less than 10%. The test was conducted using acidic and alkaline soils with pH values of 5.05 and 8.36, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multicolor electrochromic material based on polyoxometalate and a dye with pH and voltage dual-adjustment was studied. The material (PEI/[PEI/P2W18/PEI/AR]30/PEI (P2W18-AR) film) was prepared by a simple layer-by-layer method and tested in several solutions of different pH (pH 2.00, pH 4.00, and pH 6.00), referred to as F1, F2, and F3, respectively. By applying different voltages, the color of the film could change from yellow to blue-green (F1), pink-orange to blue-violet (F2), and dark pink to violet (F3), while maintaining good electrochromic performance and stability. Among them, F1 showed the best optical contrast up to 39.71%, and the optical contrast retention rate of F3 was 90.71% after 1000 cycles. Simultaneously, the fabricated electrochromic devices also showed color adjustments. This film was controlled by pH and voltage, providing a new method for the preparation of multicolor electrochromic composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phytopigment alizarin was previously characterized as an anti-tumor drug owing to its antioxidant or antigenotoxic activities. However, the safety of alizarin is currently still under dispute. In this study, we explored the activity of alizarin in the AHR-CYP1A1 pathway and analyzed the transcriptional changes affected by alizarin using human hepatoma cell line HepG2-based assays. The results showed that alizarin decreased HepG2 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values between 160.4 and 216.8 μM. Furthermore, alizarin significantly upregulated the expression of CYP1A1 and increased the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. Alizarin also exhibited agonistic activity toward the AHR receptor in the XRE-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay, which was further confirmed via the molecular docking assay. In addition, the transcriptional analysis indicated that alizarin may act as a potential carcinogen through significantly enriching several items related to cancer in both DO and KEGG analysis. In brief, our findings indicated that alizarin shows agonistic activities to the AHR receptor through activating the AHR-CYP1A1 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells, which may lead to the risks for cancer developing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) has attracted increasing attention in antibiotic detection. Driven by global sustainability and environmentalism goals, green and sustainable detection strategies are in high demand. Inspired by the characteristics of natural dyes and their wide-ranging application scenarios, we excavated natural plant-extracted alizarin as a novel synthetic-free label for ICA (NAST-ICA) to meet the challenges. By regulating the proportions of ethanol/water solution, the dissolution of alizarin was optimized, ensuring the protection of antibody activity and color rendering of alizarin labels, and achieving the stability of sensitive detection performance. The rich functional groups endow alizarin tags with the ability to be directly incorporated into antibodies within 5 min to form efficient and stable detection probes. As a proof of concept, NAST-ICA showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.69 ng mL-1 for streptomycin. More importantly, the reliability of the actual detection application scenario was verified: realizing acceptable total recoveries of 87.17-123.85% and RSD values of 1.99-3.64% in spiked milk, honey, and actual water samples. The proposed nature-derived synthetic-free signal tracer assay demonstrated an efficient and stable detecting strategy for antibiotics, paving a green way for ICA applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hairy root culture of plants is a considerable way for the in vitro production of valuable metabolites because of genetic stability, rapid growth rate, biochemical stability, and high capacity in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Alizarin is an anthraquinone derived from the roots of madder (Rubia tinctorum) and has been used since ancient times as a natural red dye and exhibits various pharmacological and biological activities including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-microbial activity. The influence of two factors including explant (leaf, internode, cotyledon) and strains of A. rhizogenes (15834, 2656, MSU, R1000) was tested on hairy root production of madder. All explants produced hairy roots with acceptable frequencies but leaf explants produced the highest number of roots per explant followed by cotyledons. The highest root induction rate (100%) and the highest number of hairy roots per explant were obtained from leaf explants inoculated with 15834 and R 1000. Analysis of the PCR products showed the presence of a 403 bp amplicon related to the specific reproduction of rolA gene in transgenic roots. Anthraquinone production was documented in transgenic roots but there was a significant difference between roots from different bacterial strains. As a brief result, the use of suitable bacterial strains and explants were effective factors for hairy root induction in madder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Silica gel chemically functionalized with alizarin (Si-AZ) and 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (Si-NN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, and elemental analysis. The two chelators show adequate sorption properties for Pb (II) and are hence used as SPE sorbents prior to their determination with ICP-MS. Both chelators showed high sorption efficiency for the Pb (II) ion at pH 8. Batch experiments demonstrate that the synthesized resins could remove more than 95% Pb (II) out of solutions containing 100 μg/mL of the ion. At optimum conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities for S-TDI-AZ and S-TDI-NN for Pb (II) were 9.56 and 9.43 mg/g, respectively. Method development was performed to investigate the applicability of the chelating resins as packing materials for SPE using model solutions and real groundwater samples. The method detection limits of SPE were 0.0025 and 0.0026 μg/L with high precision (R.S.D. < 3%). The recoveries of spiked Pb (II) with ground water were 104.70 and 102.62%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Pb (II) in the groundwater by ICP-MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work a dilute‐and‐shoot procedure using digital image colorimetry (DIC) was evaluated for the determination of aluminum in antiperspirants. Derivatization was performed by means of the reaction between Al(III) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) reagent. Digital images were acquired using a table scanner and the average values for red, green and blue channels (RGB) were obtained. Optimal conditions were set at pH=4.5, ARS concentrations 10‐fold higher than Al(III) and using the G channel. The method presented linearity in the 2.0–10.0 mg L−1 range, the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.1 mg L−1 and precision was better than 2.55 %. Accuracy was checked by the analysis of spiked samples at 2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1 Al(III), and good recoveries (82.6–117.5 %) were obtained. Eight samples of roll‐on antiperspirants were analyzed by the proposed colorimetric method and the well‐stablished flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) comparative method. The obtained results were not statistically different at 95 % confidence level. An analytical greenness assessment was performed for both methods and the procedure based on digital image colorimetry was proven to be a greener approach due to miniaturization, low sample consumption, least amount of waste and high sample throughput. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recently, layered double hydroxides (LDH) have been applied intensively and attracted tremendous attention due to their flexible chemical composition and physical properties. In this study, we prepared a series of M (Mg and Zn)-Fe LDH at different conditions using the co-precipitation method. The influence of several important parameters was studied including M (Mg and Zn):Fe molar ratio, M-Fe LDH concentration, and pH. In this work, the potentialities of both synthesized adsorbents of M (Mg and Zn)-Fe LDH for the separation of cationic Alizarin red dye (ARD) from aqueous solutions were studied. The obtained results investigated that the maximum separation efficiency of 20 mg/L ARD was achieved at the molar ratio (4:1) of both adsorbents M (Mg and Zn):Fe at pH 6.0 and room temperature. Both pseudo-second-order kinetic models of Langmuir and Freundlich were successfully applied for the adsorption of ARD on both M (Mg and Zn)-Fe LDH adsorbents. By comparing the qm values for both adsorbents, we obtained that Mg-Fe LDH had a significantly higher adsorption capacity of 72.4 mg/g than that obtained from Zn-Fe LDH of 33.8 mg/g. These results indicated that Mg-Fe LDH has better adsorption efficiency than Zn-Fe LDH for ARD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]