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Click chemistry refers to selective reactions developed for grafting of bio(macro)molecules in their biological media. Caged click compounds have been employed to spatiotemporally control click reactions. Here, we survey the uncaging of photo-dibenzocyclooctyne-OH (photoDIBO-OH) to its click-chemistry active form DIBO-OH, with particular attention to its conversion timescale and efficiency. Ultraviolet pump–infrared probe experiments reveal a stepwise decarbonylation: first, carbon monoxide (C≡O) is released within 1.8 ps, and then, it converts, within 10 ps, to DIBO-OH. Completion of uncaging is achieved with an efficiency of ∼50%. A successful demonstration of two-photon uncaging of photoDIBO-OH at long wavelength (700 nm) confers enhanced in vivo compatibility and proceeds on the same timescale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Concept Maps (CM) aid in the acquisition of new information, and comprehend prior knowledge with better retention. Their use is not explored in undergraduate surgical education in our country, hence this study aimed to compare the surgery test scores of undergraduate medical students taught by concept maps and interactive lectures. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out at the Department of Surgery, at a Private University Hospital among 60 students of fourth year MBBS from 2017-2018. The students were divided into Group-A taught by interactive lectures and Group-B taught by CM. Post class Multiple Choice Questions test was taken and scores were compared for immediate effects on knowledge and short term knowledge retention using the Unpaired t- test. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our study reported a mean test score of 19.5 (2.75 ± 0.49) for the Group-A, while 21.1 (3.49 ± 0.65) for Group-B with a negative t value of 2.003 with a significant p-value of 0.05. This showed that the test scores of Group-A were lower than the scores of Group-B. Conclusions: Concept Maps is an effective and promising way to give learners better understanding of complex concepts in short amounts of time. providing valuable evidence for instituting the use of concept maps as a continuous teaching strategy for medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of exchange bias has been extensively studied within crystalline materials, encompassing a broad spectrum from nanoparticles to thin-film systems. Nonetheless, exchange bias in amorphous alloys has remained a relatively unexplored domain, primarily owing to their inherently uniform disordered atomic structure and lacking grain boundaries. In this study, we present a unique instance of exchange bias observed in Fe–B–Nb amorphous thin films, offering insights into its origins intertwined with the system's spin-glass-like behavior at lower temperatures. The quantification of exchange bias was accomplished through a meticulous analysis of magnetic reversal behaviors in the liquid-helium temperature range, employing a zero-field cooling approach from various initial remanent magnetization states (±MR). At reduced temperatures, the appearance of asymmetric hysteresis, a hallmark of negative exchange bias, undergoes a transformation into symmetric hysteresis loops at elevated temperatures, underscoring the intimate connection between exchange-bias and dynamic magnetic states. Further investigations into the magnetic thermal evolution under varying probe fields reveal the system's transition into a spin-glass-like state at low temperatures. We attribute the origin of this unconventional exchange bias to the intricate exchange interactions within the spin-glass-like regions that manifest at the interfaces among highly disordered Fe-nuclei. The formation of Fe-nuclei agglomerates at the sub-nanometer scale is attributed to the alloy's limited glass-forming ability and the nature of the thin-film fabrication process. We propose that this distinctive form of exchange bias represents a novel characteristic of amorphous thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating athletes' knowledge of and attitudes toward sports-related concussions is important. However, there is limited research involving South Asian athletes, partly due to the lack of a valid and reliable tool. This study, therefore, aimed to translate and validate the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version, an established tool used to measure knowledge and attitude toward concussion, into Urdu. Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version was translated into Urdu using the standard guidelines and then completed by 369 athletes participating in contact sports at different universities in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the Concussion Attitude Index items to examine the underlying factorial structure. Construct validity of Concussion Attitude Index factors was also investigated using convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed that the Urdu version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version has good psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating Urdu-speaking athletes' knowledge of and attitudes toward concussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of theories, models and/or frameworks (TMFs) in implementation research and practice is essential for developing useful and testable implementation strategies. Recommendations and tools exist to aid implementation groups in selecting TMFs, but they do not explicitly outline a systematic method for identifying and selecting TMFs. This paper aimed to (1) propose a systematic consensus-based method to select TMFs to support implementation processes, and to (2) demonstrate the use of this novel method in the context of researching the implementation of hip protectors for fracture prevention in long-term care (LTC). Materials & methods: We developed a systematic, consensus-based method for selecting TMFs, referred to as the Implementation Theory Selection Model (ITSM). The ITSM comprises five steps: (1) identify potentially relevant TMFs; (2) narrow the pool of TMFs; (3) appraise the relevance of eligible TMFs; (4) prioritize a short-list of TMFs for further, in-depth consideration; and (5) select TMFs through consensus with investigators and research user partners. We operationalized each step of the ITSM through a project investigating determinants of hip protector use and organizational readiness for implementation in a LTC organization in Ontario, Canada. Results: Using the ITSM in our case example, we identified 66 TMFs (Step 1). Of these, 23 met our eligibility criteria (Step 2) and were appraised twice, by five appraisers (Step 3). Six TMFs (Step 4) advanced to the consensus meeting, which was attended by nine investigators and three research users, including two organizational partners and one older adult. Three rounds of voting yielded a tie between the TMFs the group felt would be most appropriate. Research users from our partner LTC organization made the final selection preferring the combination of the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (Step 5). Conclusions: The ITSM offers a step-by-step guide for implementation groups to adopt a rigorous, transparent and reproducible method for TMF selection. Although we have demonstrated the feasibility of operationalizing each step of the ITSM in our case example, continued research is needed to evaluate and refine the ITSM to ensure it is appropriate for a wide variety of implementation contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objective: A-lines and B-lines are key ultrasound markers that differentiate normal from abnormal lung conditions. A-lines are horizontal lines usually seen in normal aerated lungs, while B-lines are linear vertical artifacts associated with lung abnormalities such as pulmonary edema, infection, and COVID-19, where a higher number of B-lines indicates more severe pathology. This paper aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly released lung ultrasound AI tool (ExoLungAI) in the detection of A-lines and quantification/detection of B-lines to help clinicians in assessing pulmonary conditions. Methods: The algorithm is evaluated on 692 lung ultrasound scans collected from 48 patients (65% males, aged: 55 ± 12.9) following their admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for COVID-19 symptoms, including respiratory failure, pneumonia, and other complications. Results: ExoLungAI achieved a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 81% for A-line detection. For B-line detection, it attained a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 86%. In quantifying B-lines, the algorithm achieved a weighted kappa score of 0.77 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.80) and an ICC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.89), showing substantial agreement between the ground truth and predicted B-line counts. Conclusions: ExoLungAI demonstrates a reliable performance in A-line detection and B-line detection/quantification. This automated tool has greater objectivity, consistency, and efficiency compared to manual methods. Many healthcare professionals including intensivists, radiologists, sonographers, medical trainers, and nurse practitioners can benefit from such a tool, as it assists the diagnostic capabilities of lung ultrasound and delivers rapid responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The major breakthrough in cancer therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has highlighted the important role of immune checkpoints in antitumoral immunity. However, most patients do not achieve durable responses, making biomarker research in this setting essential. CD27 is a well known costimulatory molecule, however the impact of its soluble form in ICI is poorly investigated. Therefore, we aimed at testing circulating concentrations of soluble CD27 (sCD27) and CD27 bound to extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential biomarkers to predict response and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing ICI. Methods: Serum and plasma levels of sCD27 were assessed by immunoassay in three patient cohorts (n = 187) with advanced solid malignancies including longitudinal samples (n = 126): a training (n = 84, 210 specimens, Aachen ICI) and validation cohort (n = 70, 70 specimens, Hamburg ICI), both treated with ICI therapy, and a second independent validation cohort (n = 33, 33 specimens, Hamburg non-ICI) undergoing systemic therapy without any ICI. In a subset (n = 36, 36 baseline and 108 longitudinal specimens), EV-bound CD27 from serum was measured, while EV characterization studies were conducted on a fourth cohort (n = 45). Results: In the Aachen and Hamburg ICI cohorts, patients with lower circulating sCD27 levels before and during ICI therapy had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) and OS compared to patients with higher levels, a finding that was confirmed by multivariate analysis (MVA) (Aachen ICI: pPFS = 0.012, pOS = 0.001; Hamburg ICI: pPFS = 0.040, pOS = 0.004) and after randomly splitting both cohorts into training and validation. This phenomenon was not observed in the Hamburg non-ICI cohort, providing a rationale for the predictive biomarker role of sCD27 in immune checkpoint blockade. Remarkably, EV-bound CD27 baseline levels and dynamics during ICI therapy also emerged as potent predictive biomarkers, acting however antagonistically to soluble sCD27, i.e. higher levels were associated with PFS and OS benefit. Combining both molecules ("multi-CD27" score) enhanced the predictive ability (HRPFS: 17.21 with p < 0.001, HROS: 6.47 with p = 0.011). Conclusion: Soluble and EV-bound CD27 appear to have opposing immunomodulatory functions and may represent easily measurable, non-invasive prognostic markers to predict response and survival in patients undergoing ICI therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparency within biomedical research is essential for research integrity, credibility, and reproducibility. To increase adherence to optimal scientific practices and enhance transparency, we propose the creation of a journal transparency tool (JTT) that will allow users to obtain information about a given scholarly journal's operations and transparency policies. This study is part of a program of research to obtain user preferences to inform the proposed JTT. Here, we report on our consultation with clinicians and researchers. This mixed-methods study was conducted in two parts. The first part involved a cross-sectional survey conducted on a random sample of authors from biomedical journals. The survey asked clinicians and researchers about the inclusion of a series of potential scholarly metrics and user features in the proposed JTT. Quantitative survey items were summarized with descriptive statistics. Thematic content analysis was employed to analyze text-based responses. Subsequent focus groups used survey responses to further explore the inclusion of items in the JTT. Items with less than 70% agreement were used to structure discussion points during these sessions. Participants voted on the use of user features and metrics to be considered within the journal tool after each discussion. Thematic content analysis was conducted on interview transcripts to identify the core themes discussed. A total of 632 participants (5.5% response rate) took part in the survey. A collective total of 74.7% of respondents found it either 'occasionally, 'often', or 'almost always' difficult to determine if health information online is based on reliable research evidence. Twenty-two participants took part in the focus groups. Three user features and five journal tool metrics were major discussion points during these sessions. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts resulted in six themes. The use of registration was the only item to not meet the 70% threshold after both the survey and focus groups. Participants demonstrated low scholarly communication literacy when discussing tool metric suggestions. Our findings suggest that the JTT would be valuable for both researchers and clinicians. The outcomes of this research will contribute to developing and refining the tool in accordance with researchers and clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study aimed to identify proteins associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. Samples of nasal lavage fluid from CRSwNP patients and controls were analyzed and revealed a significant difference in protein expression: a total of 234 proteins, 151 up- and 83 down-regulated in the CRSwNP group. Dysregulated proteins were linked to airway inflammation, immune response, and oxidative stress. Several proteins, including EMILIN-3, RAB11-binding protein RELCH, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and deoxyribonuclease-1, were identified as potential biomarkers for CRSwNP. The findings suggest that these proteins play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease and may be valuable for future research and clinical applications. (1) Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and the paranasal sinuses. The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is multifactorial and, as of yet, not well understood. (2) Methods: Nasal lavage fluid samples were collected from patients diagnosed with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) (n = 10) and individuals without sinusitis (control group) (n = 10) who had no nasal complaints. In the present study, we used an untargeted label-free LC-MS/MS mass spectrometric approach combined with bioinformatics and network pathway analysis to compare the changes in the proteomic profiles of the CRSwNP group and the control group. Data from LC-MS/MS underwent univariate and multivariate analyses. (3) Results: The proteomic analyses revealed distinct differences in the abundances of nasal lavage fluid proteins between the CRSwNP and control groups: a total of 234 proteins, 151 up- and 83 down-regulated in CRSwNP. Functional Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that dysregulated proteins were involved in airway inflammatory reaction, immune response, and oxidative stress. The biomarkers were evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve; an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.999 (95% CI) identified potential biomarkers between the CRSwNP and control group. EMILIN-3 and RAB11-binding protein RELCH were down-regulated, and Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and deoxyribonuclease-1 were up-regulated, in CRSwNP compared to the control group. (4) Conclusions: These differentially expressed proteins identified in CRSwNP are involved in airway inflammatory reaction, immune response, and oxidative stress. In particular, the identification of increased interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36γ), which contributes to inflammatory response, and a decrease in SOD, in this group are notable findings. In the future, several of these proteins may prove useful for exploring the pathogenesis of nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis or as objective biomarkers for quantitatively monitoring disease progression or response to therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the asymptotic and oscillatory properties of a class of third-order neutral differential equations with multiple delays in a non-canonical form. The main objective is to simplify the non-canonical form by converting it to a canonical form, which reduces the complexity of the possible cases of positive solutions and their derivatives from four cases in the non-canonical form to only two cases in the canonical form, which facilitates the process of inference and development of results. New criteria are provided that exclude the existence of positive solutions or Kneser-type solutions for this class of equations. New criteria that guarantee the oscillatory behavior of all solutions that satisfy the conditions imposed on the studied equation are also derived. This work makes a qualitative contribution to the development of previous studies in the field of neutral differential equations, as it provides new insights into the oscillatory behavior of neutral equations with multiple delays. To confirm the strength and effectiveness of the results, three examples are included that highlight the accuracy of the derived criteria and their practical applicability, which enhances the value of this research and expands the scope of its use in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web buckling of steel plate girders creates an undesirable failure mode as it can limit the ultimate load capacity of plate girders. This paper presents details of an experimental investigation aimed at strengthening slender end panels of steel plate girders using three different types of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials (glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) pultruded section stiffeners and woven carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and GFRP fabrics). The plate girders were fabricated using non-rigid end posts and were tested in three-point bending. The test results showed an increase of up to 54% in the ultimate strength of the FRP-strengthened end panels compared with the non-strengthened control panel, which was the result of increased out-of-plane stiffness of the web. A breakdown of the bond between the steel and the FRP fabric occurred in the end panels strengthened with CFRP and GFRP fabrics, while no bond breakdown of the pultruded sections was observed at the ultimate load. Analytical methods proposed by some of the design codes underestimated the critical buckling load and overestimated the ultimate load of the non-strengthened end panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study underlines the examination of underlying students' skills and their relationship to the employability of students of Pakistan. The current study also examines the moderating impact of "University Reputation" between students' skills and employability. The authors undertook a quantitative approach in the testing of hypotheses. The primary data collection of 265 respondents was carried out. Students and graduates of different higher educational institutes in Pakistan participated in the questionnaire about their employability perception based on their skills. "Partial Least Square (PLS) based Structural Equation Model (SEM)" has been utilized for the analysis of the relationship between students' skills and students' employability. The propelling findings reveal that students' soft skills, adaptability skills, and personal skills are positively associated with employability and consistent with previous studies, while teamwork skills affect negatively. On the other hand, social mobility skills, career skills, managerial skills, and technical skills do not seem to have a significant role in students' employability. Moreover, university reputation plays a role in the moderation of certain students' skills with employability. This current research makes some valuable contributions to developing the skillset amongst students and graduates of a developing country such as Pakistan. The research focused on the moderating role of university reputation between skill and employability, which was previously ignored, and utilized human capital theory. Finally, the study separately used soft skills, personal skills, adaptability, and managerial skills with employability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative way to combat water scarcity brought on by population increase and climate change is rainwater harvesting (RWH), particularly in arid and semiarid areas. Currently, Pakistan is facing major water issues due to underprivileged water resource management, climate change, land use changes, and the sustainability of local water resources. This research aims to find out the suitable sites and options for RWH structures in the Quetta district of Pakistan by integrating the depression depth technique, Boolean analysis, and weighted linear combination (WLC) with hydrological modeling (HM), multicriteria analysis (MCA), a geographic information system (GIS), and remote sensing (RS). To find suitable sites for RWH, a collection of twelve (12) thematic layers were used, including the slope (SL), land use land cover (LULC), subarea (SA), runoff depth (RD), drainage density (DD), lineament density (LD), infiltration number (IFN), distance from built-up area (DB), distance from roads (DR), distance from lakes (DL), maximum flow distance (MFD), and topographic wetness index (TWI). The Boolean analysis and WLC approach were integrated in the GIS environment. The consistency ratio (CR) was calculated to make sure the assigned weights to thematic layers were consistent. Overall, results show that 6.36% (167.418 km2), 14.34% (377.284 km2), 16.36% (430.444 km2), 18.92% (497.663 km2), and 18.64% (490.224 km2) of the area are in the categories of very high, high, moderate, low, and very low suitability, respectively, for RWH. RWH potential is restricted to 25.35% (666.86 km2) of the area. This research also identifies the five (5) best locations for checking dams and the ten (10) best locations for percolation tanks on the streams. The conducted suitability analysis will assist stakeholders in selecting the optimal locations for RWH structures, facilitating the storage of water, and addressing the severe water scarcity prevalent in the area. This study proposes a novel approach to handle the problems of water shortage in conjunction with environmental and socioeconomic pressures in order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of experimental testing of block masonry prisms and wallettes under uniaxial compression. The compressive load was applied in a direction perpendicular or parallel to the bed joints. Masonry prisms and wallettes were tested in the former direction, whereas only wallettes were tested in the latter direction. No influence of mortar strength or block thickness was observed on the cracking and failure patterns of specimens of similar type, although material crushing and spalling was marginally influenced by block strength. The cracking load for the assemblages tested normal to the bed joint was nearly 90% of the peak load capacity and higher as compared to 70% of the peak load capacity for the wallettes tested parallel to the bed joints. Similar load capacity and elastic modulus were observed for the prisms and wallettes tested normal to the bed joints. Whereas the strength for the wallettes tested parallel to the bed joints was 49%–83% less compared to those tested normal to the bed joints, their elastic modulus was nearly 25% higher. The experimental strength and strain values were compared with the existing analytical methods, which correlated well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel plate girders are susceptible to web buckling due to slender web. This phenomenon creates an undesirable failure mode and limits their ultimate load capacity. The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials offers a good prospect of strengthening the slender web of plate girders to avoid web buckling. This paper presents the details of experimental testing of steel plate girders with nonrigid end posts. These girders were tested in three-point bending. The end shear panels of the girders were strengthened by glass FRP (GFRP) pultruded section stiffeners or glass fiber fabric composite. GFRP stiffeners were applied either vertically or along the compression diagonal in the shear panel. All strengthened panels failed by web shear buckling associated with a breakdown of the employed strengthening scheme. It was found that the shear capacity of the panel remained unchanged by replacing the steel stiffener with GFRP stiffeners in the end panel. The critical buckling load of the strengthened panels increased up to 44% compared to the unstrengthened panel. The shear capacities of the panels strengthened by the glass fabric composite and diagonal GFRP pultruded section were the highest and similar to each other. Both these panels resisted a 50% larger shear compared to the unstrengthened panel. The positions of the plastic hinges in all tested panels were the same due to the same ratio of panel length and depth of the web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, three different carboxylic acids were incorporated as a cross-linker into the blend films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and basmati rice starch (BRS) at a 70/30 ratio and plasticized with glycerol. The cross-linking succeeds through the creation of ester bonds between the free hydroxyl groups of PVA/BRS and the C = O groups. The effect of this cross-linking on physicochemical properties (film thickness, retraction ratio, moisture content, water absorption, and water vapor permeability) and optical (transmittance and color analysis), antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties was assessed. The current findings showed that COA incorporation into the PVA/BRS blend films demonstrated better hydrophobicity and excellent UV light-blocking properties. The incorporation of COA has no impact on radical scavenging activity; however, the cinnamic acid- and benzoic acid-containing films at higher percentages possess antimicrobial properties. FTIR studies confirm the existence of hydrogen bonding interactions among the PVA/BRS blend film and COA. The study encompasses the swelling properties of the blend film in water, brine, and seawater. The cast blend films can be utilized for the packaging purposes of foodstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare laboratory systems produce and capture a vast array of information, yet do not always report all of this to the national infrastructure within the United Kingdom. The global COVID-19 pandemic brought about a much greater need for detailed healthcare data, one such instance being laboratory testing data. The reporting of qualitative laboratory test results (e.g. positive, negative or indeterminate) provides a basic understanding of levels of seropositivity. However, to better understand and interpret seropositivity, how it is determined and other factors that affect its calculation (i.e. levels of antibodies), quantitative laboratory test data are needed. Method: 36 data attributes were collected from 3 NHS laboratories and 29 CO-CONNECT project partner organisations. These were assessed against the need for a minimum dataset to determine data attribute importance. An NHS laboratory feasibility study was undertaken to assess the minimum data standard, together with a literature review of national and international data standards and healthcare reports. Results: A COVID serology minimum data standard (CSMDS) comprising 12 data attributes was created and verified by 3 NHS laboratories to allow national granular reporting of COVID serology results. To support this, a standardised set of vocabulary terms was developed to represent laboratory analyser systems and laboratory information management systems. Conclusions: This paper puts forward a minimum viable standard for COVID-19 serology data attributes to enhance its granularity and augment the national reporting of COVID-19 serology laboratory results, with implications for future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of video-based teaching in surgery residents by comparing it to the routine operating room traditional teaching. Methodology: The randomized control trial was done at four institutions from September 2022 to March 2023. Interventional group underwent video-based instruction of basic surgical skills whereas the control group was taught through traditional operating room teaching. Pre and post-test mean scores were analyzed on SPSS version 20 through paired t-test. Learning gain was calculated. Supervisors' perceptions were recorded on survey form regarding direct observations and recorded video evaluations of resident skills on post-test. Results: Out of sixty (n=60), fifty-five newly inducted surgical residents completed the study including both females (n=13) and male residents (n=42). Video intervention Group (27.93±3.72) and control group (23.07±4.62) both showed improvements in their post-test scores as compared to pretest scores of 13.68±3.25 and 13.52±3.60 respectively. Mean score difference improvement was more in video intervention group (13.9±3.8) in comparison to control group (9.5±4.3) provided both groups exhibits improvements in all seven domains of the global rating system (reflected by the p <0.0001). However, learning gain of 65% was observed in intervention group as compared to learning gain (41%) of control group. Evaluators(n=5) observed that recorded video evaluations helped to provide integrated feedback, despite being time (40%) and resource intensive (60%). Conclusion: Video-based teaching has higher learning gain irrespective of the fact that both groups exhibit statistically significant results in all seven domains of the global rating system. Recorded video evaluation was found feasible and reliable tool for formative assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The implication of gut microbiota in the gut-kidney axis affects the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Gut microbiota composition changes during CKD. We aimed to determine the relative frequency of important gut microbiota members in end-stage renal disease (ERSD) patients before and after renal transplantation compared to healthy subjects. Methods: Fifteen kidney transplant patients and 10 healthy subjects were recruited in this case-control prospective study. Fecal samples were taken sequentially from all patients before kidney transplantation, 1 week, and 1 month after it. The relative frequency of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Faecalibacterium pruasnitzii were determined through quantitative PCR. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by Stata software (Stata Corporation, USA). Results: The mean log number of all bacteria was significantly higher in healthy individuals than kidney transplant recipients (p < 0.001) except for Lactobacillus where the mean levels were almost identical in the two groups (p = 0.67). Moreover, 20% (3) of patients developed a urinary tract infection. Besides, 2 (13.33%) patients were diagnosed with delayed graft function. There were no statistically significant differences regarding changing trends in bacteria log number of Akkermansia muciniphila (p = 0.12), Bacteroid fragilis (p = 0.75), Bifidobacterium (p = 0.99), Escherichia coli (p = 0.5), Faecalibacterium (p = 0.98), and Lactobacilli (p = 0.93) between patients with and without delayed graft function (DGF). Conclusion: Gut microbiota composition in patients with ESRD was significantly different from those without it. However, the microbiota profile did not significantly differ in patients with and without DGF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud point (CP) of aqueous solution of metformin hydrochloride (MNH) and triton X-100 (TX-100) was examined in presence of several alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, 1-PrOH, 2-PrOH, and 1-BuOH). The main focal point of this study was to evaluate the cloud development for the combination of TX-100 and MNH, as well as to indicate the mode of how various alcohols influence both the physicochemical parameters and interaction forces of that mixture. The cloud point (CP) measurement technique was chosen because of its broad applicability in both the medical and industrial sectors. As alcohol contents increased, higher CP values of TX-100 and MNH mixture were observed except in aq. 1-BuOH (CP is decreased). In the aqueous alcoholic medium (above 3000 mmol·kg−1), the phase separation of TX-100 (92.7 mmol·kg−1) and MNH (2 mmol·kg−1) mixture showed the subsequent trend: CP (H2O + 2-PrOH) ˃ CP (H2O + MeOH) > CP (H2O + EtOH) ˃ CP (H2O + 1-PrOH). It was observed that the depth to which alcohol molecules penetrate micelles is influenced by the length of the alcohol chain. Longer hydrophobic alcohol molecules have the ability to impair more ethylene oxide–water (EO-water) interactions by penetrating deeper into the micelle's palisade layer. As a result, there is more occurrence of dehydration, which promotes the production of micellar particles as well as lowers the cloud point substantially. The calculated Δ G c 0 values of the TX-100 + MNH mixture in alcohols media are appeared as positive in every scenario examined, proving that the clouding procedure is not spontaneous. The positive Δ G c 0 results might be attributed to the surfactant's surface layer in forming H-bond via the water molecules. A decrease in the positive Δ G c 0 values is evidenced by a rise in alcohol concentrations. Consequently, there is less non-spontaneity at higher alcohol concentrations. The + Δ H c 0 (endothermic) and + Δ S c 0 magnitudes are detected in aq. MeOH, EtOH, and 2-PrOH solutions. However, Δ H c 0 and Δ S c 0 magnitudes are found as positive (endothermic) and negative (exothermic) at lower and higher contents of 1-PrOH solution while the opposite trend in the Δ H c 0 and Δ S c 0 was detected in aq. 1-BuOH solution. Possible interactions among TX-100 and metformin hydrochloride in aqueous 1-BuOH media [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Administrative burden research has contributed to improved understanding of citizens' experiences while accessing state services. However, the significance of the material infrastructure within which citizen–administrator interactions take place remains largely absent from this line of research. To help address this research gap, this article uses ethnographic data to discuss the influence of material and virtual artifacts in bureaucratic offices on the administrative burden faced by citizens accessing social services. This significance of artifacts is further unpacked along their material, symbolic, and aesthetic dimensions. Our findings suggest that the instrumentality of certain artifacts (or lack thereof) can disproportionately decrease accessibility and usability of bureaucratic spaces for certain social groups thereby augmenting their administrative burden. Moreover, artifacts symbolizing power, prestige, and administrative easing are reserved for spaces occupied by the social elite while the underprivileged groups are relegated to bureaucratic spaces characterized by a general neglect of aesthetics and symbolism of decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the main elements causing flooding in Pakistan's Swabi area and finds that elevation, slope, precipitation, and vicinity of rivers all play a major role in flooding occurrences. Low‐lying areas, steeper slopes, intense monsoon rainfall, and proximity to rivers increase vulnerability to floods. Additional factors such as curvature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), topographic wetness index (TWI), land use and land cover (LULC), and soil type exhibit comparatively less impact on flooding. The evaluation of flood risk incorporates nine factors through the AHP procedure, assigning weights that emphasize the importance of rainfall, slope, elevation, and distance to rivers using GIS software. The resulting flood hazard map categorizes the region into high‐, moderate‐, low‐, and very low‐risk zones, with approximately 49.42% identified as high flood risk areas. Evacuation planning designates secure zones, moderate‐risk areas, and high‐risk zones, emphasizing the need for flexible and adaptable routes in response to evolving flood scenarios. The study's comprehensive approach, integrating GIS and AHP, provides valuable insights for effective flood management in the Swabi district, despite limitations related to data quality. The findings contribute to resolving flooding issues and offer a foundation for coordinated actions by authorities and communities in flood‐prone areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between activity (physical, social and cognitive) and cognitive functioning (CF) is complex; theoretical evidence indicated that it was mediated by depressive symptomology. The current study intended to elucidate how depressive symptomology mediates between different dimensions of activity and cognitive functioning by taking into account negative emotionality (i.e., personality variable) as a covariate. This study recruited 350 community-dwelling older adults in Rawalpindi, Pakistan through a purposive sampling technique. Cognitive functioning was measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ) assessed physical activity, social activity was examined using Lubben's Social Network Scale (LSNS-6), Late Life Cognitive Activity (LLCA) measure was used to assess cognitive activity, negative emotionality was assessed using Negative Emotional Scale from Short form of Big Five Inventory and depressive symptomology was measured using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Hayes process model 4 was utilized to test the mediation effects in this correlational study. Physical activity (r =.454, p <.01), social activity (r =.586, p <.01) and cognitive activity r =.632, p <.01) have significant positive associations whereas negative emotionality (r = −.609, p <.01) and depressive symptoms (r = −.733, p <.001) have significant negative associations with cognitive functioning. Moreover, depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between social activity and cognitive functioning (β in direct model = 0.322, p <.001; β in full mediational model = 0.078, p =.003) and for cognitive activity and cognitive functioning (β in direct model = 0.324, p <.001; β in full mediational model = 0.161, p <.001) but fail to mediate between physical activity and cognitive functioning after controlling for the effects of negative emotionality. Altogether, this study's findings suggest that different domains of activity exert significant effects on depressive symptomology and cognitive functioning in the aging population. Understanding these results can help to optimize activity (physical, social, and cognitive) interventions to improve cognitive aging and minimize depressive symptomology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most prevalent malignancies, lung cancer displays considerable biological variability in both molecular and clinical characteristics. Lung cancer is broadly categorized into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the latter being most prevalent. The primary histological subtypes of NSCLC are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In the present work, we primarily extracted mRNA count data from a publicly accessible database followed by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed mitophagy-related genes (DEMRGs) identification in case of both LUAD and LUSC cohorts. Next, we identified important DEMRGs via clustering approach followed by enrichment, survival, and mutational analyses. Lastly, the finalized prognostic biomarker was validated using wet-lab experimentations. Primarily, we obtained 986 and 1714 DEGs across LUAD and LUSC cohorts. Only 7 DEMRGs from both cohorts had significant membership values as indicated by the clustering analysis. Most significant pathway, Gene Ontology (GO)-biological process (BP), GO-molecular function (MF), GO-cellular compartment (CC) terms were macroautophagy, GTP metabolic process, magnesium ion binding, mitochondrial outer membrane. Among all, only TDRKH reported significant overall survival (OS) and 14% amplification across LUAD patients. Lastly, we validated TDRKH via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In conclusion, our findings advocate for the exploration of TDRKH and their genetic alterations in precision oncology therapeutic approaches for LUAD, emphasizing the potential for target-driven therapy and early diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure and 6% Ag doped bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) were synthesized via solid‐state reaction method at 500 °C. The X‐ray diffraction method confirmed the orthorhombic phase with average crystallite size ∼25 nm and average lattice strain ∼0.5% and ∼0.6% for pure and 6% Ag doped Bi2S3. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed nanobelt morphology. A direct bandgap of ∼3.3 and ∼3.4 eV for pure and doped Bi2S3 was estimated using UV–vis spectroscopy, respectively. AC measurements were performed from 200 Hz to 2 MHz at temperature 223–298 K. Investigation of Nyquist plots of 6% Ag doped Bi2S3 nanobelts suggested space‐charge‐dependent behavior and indicated an negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR). AC conductivity adhered to Jonscher's power law in which the decreasing trend of s‐parameter with increasing temperature indicates correlated barrier hopping conduction mechanism. From this model, hopping distance (∼10−9–10−11 m) and density of states (∼1022–1023 eV−1 cm−3) were estimated. The dielectric permittivity exhibited dispersion at low frequencies due to the combined effect of electronic, ionic, and interfacial polarizations. Presence of two semicircular arcs in the complex modulus analysis suggested the presence of both grain and grain‐boundary effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilevel converters have gained significant popularity in medium-voltage and high-power applications due to their numerous advantages over traditional two-level converters. These advantages include reduced harmonic distortion, improved efficiency, and lower stress on power semiconductors. Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is a modulation method that can be employed with multilevel converters to achieve high-quality output voltage waveforms. In this work, an extension of Broyden's method, known as the Quasi-Modified Newton Method, is implemented for selective harmonic elimination and accurate calculation of switching angles for a wide range of modulation indices. The proposed method is applied to cascaded H bridge inverters operating at levels 5, 7, and 9. The method offers simplicity, reduced computational burden, and faster convergence, making it easily implementable, reducing total harmonic distortion (THD), and reducing RMSE and MAD errors. The paper includes simulation and experimental results that validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the rising need for charging power in recent years calls for advancing charging service infrastructures and assessing the readiness of the power system to cope with such infrastructures. This paper proposes a novel model for the integrated operation of dynamic wireless charging (DWC) and power distribution systems offering charging service to in‐motion EVs. The proposed model benefits from a hierarchical design, where DWC controllers capture the traffic flows of in‐motion EVs on different routes and translate them into estimations of charging power requests on power distribution system nodes. The charging power requests are then communicated with a central controller that monitors the distribution system operation by enforcing an optimal power flow model. This controller coordinates the operation of distributed energy resources to leverage charging power delivery to in‐motion EVs and mitigate stress on the distribution system operation. The proposed model is tested on a test distribution system connected to multiple DWC systems in Salt Lake City, and the findings demonstrate its efficiency in quantifying the traffic flow of in‐motion EVs and its translation to charging power requests while highlighting the role of distributed energy resources in alleviating stress on the distribution system operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: This comparative systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the incidence of ischemic stroke in intermediate-to-high-risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement versus surgical aortic valve replacement. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from their inception to December 2023. The evaluated outcomes were primarily incidence of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), along with other secondary safety end-points at 30 days and 1 year post-procedure. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized for each study, employing a random-effects model for data synthesis irrespective of heterogeneity. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. All statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager. Results: We screened 8028 articles and included 8 studies consisting of 5 randomized controlled trials and 3 observational studies. The studies examining 30-day and 1-year stroke incidence found no significant difference between TAVR and SAVR patients (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.17, p = 0.30, OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.33, p = 0.67, respectively). Both TAVR and SAVR also had a comparable risk of having a transient ischemic attack within 30 days (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.24 to 3.63, p = 0.92, I2 52%) and 1 year (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.82, p = 0.56, I2 0%) following the procedure. Regarding safety endpoints, TAVR had lower rates of all-cause mortality and acute kidney injury at 1 year post-procedure, but a higher incidence of major vascular complications at both 30 days and 1 year compared with SAVR. Conclusion: The results suggest that TAVR and SAVR have comparable outcomes for both TIA and stroke incidence at 30 days and 1 year post-procedure, but display varying safety profiles in intermediate-to-high surgical risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common chronic liver diseases is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects many people around the world. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis seems to be an influential factor in the pathophysiology of NAFLD because changes in GM lead to fundamental changes in host metabolism. Therefore, the study of the effect of dysbiosis on the pathogenicity of NAFLD is important. European clinical guidelines state that the best advice for people with NAFLD is to lose weight and improve their lifestyle, but only 40% of people can achieve this goal. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide new treatment approaches for prevention and treatment. In addition to dietary interventions and lifestyle modifications, GM modification‐based therapies are of interest. These therapies include probiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and next‐generation probiotics. All of these treatments have had promising results in animal studies, and it can be imagined that acceptable results will be obtained in human studies as well. However, further investigations are required to generalize the outcomes of animal studies to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the low-velocity impact response of cantilever sandwich beams with foam cores and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced facesheets. Using the fifth-order shear and normal deformation theory, we explore three CNT distribution types through the thickness of the facesheets: uniformly distributed UD, functionally graded-V FG-V, and functionally graded-Λ FG- Λ. The contact force during impact is calculated according to Hertz contact law. Our findings indicate that the FG-V distribution offers the highest contact stiffness, resulting in reduced deflection compared to UD and FG- Λ distributions. Additionally, an increase in the core-to-face thickness ratio leads to decreased deflection and increased contact force, attributed to enhanced beam stiffness. The volumetric fraction of CNTs also plays a critical role, increased CNT content raises beam stiffness, decreasing deflection and enhancing contact force. Furthermore, the impactor's initial velocity directly influences the deflection and contact force, with higher velocities leading to greater deflections due to increased kinetic energy. This comprehensive analysis underscores the significant effects of CNT distribution, volumetric fraction, and geometrical parameters on the dynamic response of sandwich beams under impact conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a frequent problem in calcareous soils of Pakistan because of P-fixation, which poses significant threats to pearl millet productivity. The use of P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is regarded as a promising approach for improving P-availability in soil-plant systems. However, it needs optimization of P application into the soil. Therefore, this 2-year field study was conducted to optimize P doses in combination with PSB (Bacillus sp. MN54) inoculation to improve phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), yield, economic returns, and grain quality of pearl millet. Five P doses, i.e. 0 (native soil P only - control), 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg P2O5 ha−1 combined with and without PSB inoculated seeds were used in the study. The application of 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 + seed inoculation with PSB improved the grain yield by 36.8% and 36.0% during 1st and 2nd year, respectively. The same treatment significantly improved the PUE, grain protein, zinc (Zn), and total grain P contents compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the highest economic returns (1053.3 and 1050.5 $ ha−1) and benefit:cost ratio were observed under 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 + seed inoculation with PSB during both years. In conclusion, application of 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 combined with PSB seed inoculation is a pragmatic option to improve P uptake, grain yield, PUE, grain quality and economic returns of pearl millet grown on calcareous soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work disparities, such as unfairness in pay or unequal distribution of work experienced by nurses in long-term care (LTC), can impact the retention and health of this workforce. Background: Despite the significant impact of disparities on nurses' health in LTC, a literature review on work disparities of nurses in LTC has not been conducted. Method: This scoping review aimed to explore the nature and extent of research on meso-level work disparities experienced by nurses in LTC and its links with nurse health and well-being. Five databases were searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), SCOPUS, and CINAHL (EBSCO host). Results: Of the 5652 articles retrieved, 16 studies (14 quantitative and 2 qualitative) published between 1997 and 2024 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 53 work disparities were identified. Only four articles investigated the association of a work disparity with a variable of health (e.g., physical, mental, or poor general health). Conclusions: The results suggest that more attention to how disparities impact nurses' health and lived experiences is warranted. Meso-level disparities from this review provide an initial basis to consider possibilities in the workplace, especially in supporting equity and opportunities for health and well-being at work (e.g., through fair access to professional growth opportunities and a more equitable balance of work expectations and demands of nursing staff). Future studies of the intersection of macro- and meso-level factors are needed to inform better workplace practices and social and economic policies to support the well-being, health, and safety of nurses at work in LTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, efforts like crossbreeding, strain crossing, and inbred hybridization have been performed to improve productive performance in native chickens. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of crossbreeding on the improvement of the productivity of a native chicken. The White Leghorn exotic chicken (WL) as dam line and the Marandi indigenous chicken (MA) as sire line were used to generate the crossbreds (MA × WL). Body weight and egg production traits were measured in the three groups. Results: There are significant performance differences between WL and MA, with WL exhibiting superior body weight and egg production compared to MA (P < 0.05). Crossbreeding between WL and MA significantly improved most traits, with MA × WL outperforming MA. Negative heterosis was observed for body weight showing similarities between MA and MA × WL. Notably, MA × WL showed a closer resemblance to WL than MA in hen-day egg production at 40 and 44 weeks (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results derived from this study show that the economic performance of native chickens can be enhanced through crossbreeding with exotic chickens. Using the crossbred chickens in rural areas can be more efficient than the native chickens. In addition, the resilience of the native chickens to the local environment can be transmitted genetically to the crossbred which should be investigated in further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionized Mg (iMg) may offer a more reliable indicator of Mg status during acute illness than total Mg (tMg) concentrations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dysmagnesemia and their relationship using iMg and tMg. The clinical and biochemical characteristics as well as health outcomes and their association with iMg and tMg were also assessed. A prospective study including all eligible adult patients (≥18 years) who were hospitalized in the General Internal Medicine unit at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) for 3.5 months in 2023. The iMg and tMg concentrations were collected on all at the admission. In total 500 patients were included (females 49.2%) with a median age of 64.5 years (IQR: 48-77). The prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia by iMg concentrations was 3.4% and 26.6%, respectively, while by tMg concentrations 13.2% and 11.0%, respectively. The agreement between both measurements was strong (r=0.665, p<0.01). An increased tMg concentration was independently associated with high dependency units' admission (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.34, 95%CI: 1.24-15.06, p=0.02) and cardiac arrest (aOR: 14.64, 95%CI: 3.04-70.57, p<0.01), and 6-month all-cause mortality (aOR: 11.44, 95%CI: 2.46-53.17, p<0.01). During follow-up hypermagnesemia using tMg had a higher mortality compared to other groups (hazard ratio (HR): 1.82, 95%CI: 1.11-3.01, p=0.02) while no significant findings were demonstrated using iMg concentrations. iMg and tMg concentrations had a strong correlation that might be supporting the potential use of point-of-care devices. Multivariant regression analysis showed that hypermagnesemia by tMg was associated with adverse outcomes. However, the generalizability of the study findings should be taken with caution and the difference in the associations with outcomes highlight the importance of further research to examine the complex associations and impacts of dysmagnesemia in various clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study envisages the utilization of unique properties of Gd2S3 and 2D graphitic carbon nitride towards the development of novel multiutility water treatment nanomaterial. The g-C3N4/Gd2S3 as a novel nanomaterial with desirably tuned properties was characterized by standard techniques, like PXRD, SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), to thoroughly analyze the synthesized material. The observed results signify synergism of individual properties of pristine constituents on g-C3N4/Gd2S3 composite formation adding suitability towards the electrochemical sensing and photocatalytic applications. The g-C3N4/Gd2S3 nanocomposite material was optimized for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA). Electrochemical studies with composite modified glassy carbon electrode under neutral pH conditions indicated good sensitivity over an optimum operational range, paving the way for potential applications in dopamine sensing. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) results demonstrated a linear concentration range spanning from 0.5 to 200 μM, with the lowest (1.2 nM) limit of detection. The desired modulation of photocatalytic descriptors (band gap, recombination rate, charge carrier concentration, and flat band potentials) on composite formation were utilized in visible light degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B as representative contaminants. The g-C3N4/Gd2S3 nanocomposite exhibited favorable qualities of environmentally viable operational conditions, catalytic reproducibility, stability, and selectivity, highlighting its potential for real-time application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding artificial intelligence (AI) and to identify challenges in its incorporation in the healthcare sector of Pakistan. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study design was adopted. The study was conducted from January 15th to February 29th, 2024, and HCPs (doctors, pharmacists and nurses) from two tertiary care teaching hospitals in southern Punjab, Pakistan were taken as the study population. The interviews were conducted with the help of a semi structured interview schema. A thematic approach was adopted to analyse the data. Results: Out of 40 HCPs approached, 25 participated in the study with a response rate of 62%. The participants included in the study were doctors (14), pharmacists (6) and nurses (5). The participants had limited knowledge regarding AI and its basics. However, they showed positive perceptions about its incorporation. They believed that many of the problems faced by the healthcare sector of Pakistan can be minimized by AI incorporation. They believed that AI can boost up the efficiency of healthcare providers, reduce their workload, save time and minimize medical errors. Four main themes with multiple subthemes were identified: (1) Cognizance of AI, (2) Acceptability of AI among HCPs and training requirements for effective incorporation, (3) Merits and Demerits of AI, and (4) Challenges in incorporation of AI with proposed solutions. Conclusion: HCPs showed a willingness to embrace AI incorporation and believed that it may bring numerous benefits to the health system. Policymakers should take necessary steps to ensure AI incorporation in our healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The psychometric rigor of unsupervised, smartphone-based assessments and factors that impact remote protocol engagement is critical to evaluate prior to the use of such methods in clinical contexts. We evaluated the validity of a high-frequency, smartphone-based cognitive assessment protocol, including examining convergence and divergence with standard cognitive tests, and investigating factors that may impact adherence and performance (i.e., time of day and anticipated receipt of feedback vs. no feedback). Methods: Cognitively unimpaired participants (N = 120, Mage = 68.8, 68.3% female, 87% White, Meducation = 16.5 years) completed 8 consecutive days of the Mobile Monitoring of Cognitive Change (M2C2), a mobile app-based testing platform, with brief morning, afternoon, and evening sessions. Tasks included measures of working memory, processing speed, and episodic memory. Traditional neuropsychological assessments included measures from the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite battery. Results: Findings showed overall high compliance (89.3%) across M2C2 sessions. Average compliance by time of day ranged from 90.2% for morning sessions, to 77.9% for afternoon sessions, and 84.4% for evening sessions. There was evidence of faster reaction time and among participants who expected to receive performance feedback. We observed excellent convergent and divergent validity in our comparison of M2C2 tasks and traditional neuropsychological assessments. Conclusions: This study supports the validity and reliability of self-administered, high-frequency cognitive assessment via smartphones in older adults. Insights into factors affecting adherence, performance, and protocol implementation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study provides valuable insights into the distribution and roost tree characteristics of the Indian flying fox (Pteropus medius) in the Kasur district of Punjab, Pakistan. Field surveys were conducted monthly across six identified roosting sites, each exhibiting distinct environmental features. A total of 9730 individuals were observed throughout the year, with all roosting sites used year-round except Arain Modal Farm, where bats roosted from September to April. Seasonal migrations were noted, with Pteropus medius moving to the Changa Manga forest during the mating season and dispersing to other sites in winter due to unfavorable weather conditions. The study identified 103 roost trees belonging to 11 species, with Eucalyptus (n = 33) and Ficus (n = 29) being the most frequently used. Roost tree characteristics, including tree height and canopy cover, were positively correlated with bat abundance, indicating a preference for larger trees that provide better protection and space for large colonies. Additionally, habitat preferences were assessed by examining the correlation between bat colony size and various non-roost treedependent factors. A significant positive correlation was found between the colony size and the distance to the nearest water body (r = 0.973, p = 0.001), suggesting that bats prefer to roost near water bodies. In contrast, the distances to human settlements, roads, railway tracks, and fruit orchards showed insignificant correlations with colony size. These findings underscore the importance of preserving large trees and roosting habitats for conserving Pteropus medius in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Using visual metaphors with physical artefacts can improve collaboration planning processes in strategic meetings. The study presented here aims to examine these processes. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the participants used the LEGO® Serious Play® method in strategic planning meetings. The meetings were video recorded, and a thematic analysis method was applied to produce coded themes and narratives of collaboration planning based on the visual metaphors used in the meetings. Findings: The study participants built LEGO artefacts representing three primary visual metaphors of collaboration focussing on landscapes, interaction processes and shared goals. The participants began with building landscapes by stacking and connecting LEGO base pieces as surfaces to build on, and to represent separate physical locations and more abstract business concepts. Alternatively, landscapes were built to centre activities around key business stakeholders. In terms of interaction processes, the participants lined up LEGO character pieces to explore communications between product developers, salespersons, customers and external partners. As for shared goals, tower-like high structures were created to represent open discussions, data sharing, prototyping and threats that should be avoided. Originality/value: This study shows that using visual metaphors with physical artefacts provides an effective method for planning strategic collaboration areas, communications and future goals. Creating and communicating visual metaphors using physical artefacts enhances the creativity and participation of the meeting participants. Our future work will focus on studying the use of physical artefacts other than LEGO pieces in different group meetings contexts to better understand the role of visual metaphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the intricate dynamics within the hospitality service sector, which predominantly employs low-wage and low-skilled workers. These employees frequently encounter challenges related to breaches in their psychological contracts. Despite their critical role in customer service, their experiences are often overlooked in organizational inclusion research. We investigate the relationship between employees' perceptions of organizational inclusion and their assessments of organizational ethical virtues (OEVs), considering the potential moderating effect of psychological contract breach. Furthermore, it explores how these factors influence customer- and organizationdirected organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Design/methodology/approach: Our research design incorporates a two-stage moderated-mediation model to test our proposed hypotheses empirically. A two-source sample of 451 European hotel managers and employees extends the inquiry with the proposed model. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the proposed relationships. Findings: Findings reveal that organization inclusion is positively associated with OEV and employee-perceived OEV mediates an indirect link between organization inclusion on customer-oriented OCB. Moreover, psychological contract breach (P CB) attenuates the association between organization inclusion and OEV at the first stage and OEV, and OCB at the second stage. Originality/value: The findings robustly corroborate our proposed model. The study findings culminate in a discussion accentuating the extensive implications of our findings for both research and practicality within the hospitality sector. Anchored in empirical revelations, we delineate avenues for future exploration in this pivotal domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Target tracking via Correlation Filter (CF) is a hot research area of computer vision domain, and offers various credible benefits. Existing CF algorithms face challenges when there are target appearance variations due to background noise, scale and illumination changes, occlusion, and fast motion, which severely degrades the overall tracker performance. To get maximum benefits, an object tracker should perform well with the less computational burden in the presence of real time challenging situations. To address this issue, a novel visual object tracker is proposed based on multi feature fusion and adaptive learning technique with aberrance suppression. At first, multiple features i.e., Histogram of gradient (HOG), Color Naming (CN), saliency, and gray level intensities are combined using feature fusion technique. Further, based on the evaluation of final fused response map using Peak-to-Sidelobe Ratio (PSR), an adaptive learning strategy is integrated to improve the learning phase of tracker. Tracking results show that the proposed strategy beats the other modern CF trackers with Distance Precision (DP) scores of 88.2%, 85.9%, and 74.1% and 64.7% over OTB2013, OTB2015, and TempleColor128 and UAV123 datasets respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]