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Modeling the boundary layer flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids is important for understanding and optimizing their thermal performance, particularly in applications where enhanced heat transfer and fluid dynamics are essential. This study numerically investigates the boundary layer flow of alumina-copper-silver/water nanofluid over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet, incorporating both first and second-order velocity slip. The mathematical model is solved in MATLAB facilitated by the bvp4c function that employs the finite difference scheme and Lobatto IIIa formula. The solver successfully generates dual solutions for the model, and further analysis is conducted to assess their stability. The findings reported that only one of the solutions is stable. For the shrinking sheet case, increasing the first-order velocity slip delays boundary layer separation and enhances heat transfer, while, when the sheet is stretched, the second-order velocity slip accelerates separation and improves heat transfer. Boundary layer separation is most likely to occur when the sheet is shrinking; however, this can be controlled by adjusting the velocity slip with the inclusion of boundary layer suction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a significant cause of mortality despite advancements in treatments. Fruquintinib, a potent VEGFR inhibitor, has shown promise as an advanced therapy for mCRC. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of fruquintinib compared to placebo in patients with refractory mCRC, focusing on Phase II and III trials. Method: This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed using PubMed, EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The analysis of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety was pooled using hazard ratios (HR) and risk ratios (RR) in RevMan 5.4 software. Results: Three RCTs comprising 1,178 patients were included. Fruquintinib significantly improved OS (HR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.57–0.76) and PFS (HR: 0.30; 95% CI 0.26–0.35) compared to placebo. ORR (RR: 5.91; 95% CI 1.09–32.16) and DCR (RR: 3.83; 95% CI 3.00–4.90) were also higher with fruquintinib. Grade 3 or higher adverse events were more frequent with fruquintinib (RR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.02–1.70). No significant difference was observed in serious adverse events or treatment-related deaths. Conclusion: Fruquintinib significantly improves survival and tumor response in patients with refractory mCRC. While associated with an increased risk of high-grade adverse events, fruquintinib remains a viable and relatively safe treatment option for mCRC patients. Further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety across diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficiency and optimization in virtual reality (VR) technology is an urgent need, especially in the context of optimizing algorithms to recognize user emotions while using VR. Efficient VR technology can improve user experience and enable more immersive and responsive interactions. This study adopts the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses (PRISMA) (2020) method to identify and analyze gaps in the existing literature, focusing on the optimization of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal classification algorithms to recognize VR users' emotions. The literature search was conducted through the Scopus database, with article selection based on the type of emotion classified, the classification method used, the limitations of the research, and the results obtained. Of the 1478 articles found, 74 articles passed the initial selection stage, and the final stage 13 articles were selected for further analysis. The selected articles provide important insights into the development of EEG classification algorithms for VR users, especially in multi-user settings. The findings identify potential and opportunities in the development of more efficient and accurate EEG signal classification algorithms for VR users. By focusing on emotion classification in a multi-user VR environment, this research contributes to improving the efficiency of VR technology and supporting a better and more responsive user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of the fish consumed in Bangladesh originates from aquaculture, mostly because of consumer preferences about major and exotic carp. The study, therefore, aims to identify the factors influencing consistent buying decisions of farmed major and exotic carp in Bangladesh. The study used 300 completed samples which have been collected using a structured questionnaire from different local fish markets of two metropolitan cities; Dhaka and Barishal. Using theory of planned behavior model, the study investigates the relationships between various constructs such as trust, consumer attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, intentions to buy, and continuity to buy. Descriptive statistics illuminated that major carp was preferred over exotic one, with a notable predilection for purchasing 1–2 kg of fish per transaction. The results also showed that older, male, and higher-income respondents had a higher propensity to purchase major carp, while younger, less affluent consumers tended to opt for exotic carp. The findings suggest that continuity of buying behavior is significantly influenced by buying intention backed by perceived control, subjective norms and trust. In order to correctly understand consumer behavior and make contributions to the industry, stakeholders participating in the aquaculture supply chain may benefit from taking the study’s findings into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning has rapidly advanced the design and discovery of new materials with targeted applications in various systems. First-principles calculations and other computer experiments have been integrated into material design pipelines to address the lack of experimental data and the limitations of interpolative machine learning predictors. However, the enormous computational costs and technical challenges of automating computer experiments for polymeric materials have limited the availability of open-source automated polymer design systems that integrate molecular simulations and machine learning. We developed SPACIER, an open-source software program that incorporates RadonPy, a Python library for fully automated polymer physical property calculations based on all-atom classical molecular dynamics, into a Bayesian optimization-based polymer design system to overcome these challenges. As a proof-of-concept study, we synthesized optical polymers that surpass the Pareto boundary formed by the tradeoff between the refractive index and the Abbe number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the use of continuous pneumatic jigging as an efficient technique of solid waste separation, with a focus on the different materials of copper wire and rubber insulator. The research investigates the effect of several parameters on separation efficiency, such as air flow, pulse rate, vibrational force, and bed thickness. The 7-min experiment, which included the simultaneous use of jigging and vibration, gives light on the subtle relationships that govern particle movement. The results of the air flow and pulse rate investigation highlight the importance of concentration criteria and density discrepancies in obtaining appropriate separation. The usage of small particles refines the process for greater efficiency. A persuasive case is presented in the analysis of the vibrational impact for the efficacy of lower air flow rates coupled with higher vibrational force. This is consistent with the minimal fluidization velocity notion, emphasising the critical role of effective fluidization in particle separation performance. The analysis of bed thickness emphasises the significance of proportional modifications in air flow rate to maintain optimal separation efficiency. The research finishes with a synthesis of these findings, emphasising the attractive prospects of pneumatic jigging for solid waste separation, notably with copper wire and rubber insulator materials. The implications for waste processing scenarios, notably in the beneficiation or pre-treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment prior to recycling, are discussed. This research lays a foundation for further exploration and application of pneumatic jigging in sustainable waste management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis remains a complex clinical challenge, with experimental animal models being crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Current approaches often struggle to establish clinically relevant animal models that accurately represent human sepsis pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the optimal intraperitoneal Escherichia coli (E. coli) dose for inducing a reproducible sepsis state in male rats. A preliminary experimental study was conducted using male Rattus norvegicus rats divided into three groups: a control group and two sepsis groups induced with E. coli at doses of 1x106 and 1.5x106 CFU/kg. Biomarkers including neutrophils, procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at 24-, 48-, and 72-hours post-induction. Histopathological examinations of liver, kidney, spleen, and heart tissues were performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Both E. coli doses significantly increased inflammatory and infection biomarkers. Dose of 1.5x106 CFU/kg demonstrated higher biomarker levels and more severe organ damage compared to control group and 1x106 CFU/kg dose. In dose of 1.5x106 CFU/kg group, Neutrophil levels increased from baseline 1.4x10³ to 7.71x10³ mmol/dL, IL-6 from 20.72 to 77.49 pg/mL, MDA from 1.37 to 12.15 nmol/mL and PCT from a normal level of 3.1 to 5.79 ng/mL within 72 hours, meeting the criteria for sepsis. Histopathological examination revealed significant organ damage, with higher induction doses correlating with increased histopathological damage scores. Intraperitoneal E. coli induction at 1.5x106 CFU/kg effectively creates a reproducible sepsis model in rats, providing a valuable experimental approach for studying sepsis pathogenesis and potential interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aircraft cabins have high occupant densities and may introduce the risk of COVID-19 contamination. In this study, a segment of a Boeing 767 aircraft cabin with a mixing type of air distribution system was investigated for COVID-19 deposition. A section of a Boeing 737-300 cabin, featuring four rows with 28 box-shaped mannequins, was used for simulation. Conditioned air entered through ceiling inlets and exited near the floor, simulating a mixed air distribution system. Cough droplets were modeled using the Discrete Phase Model from two locations: the centre seat in the second row and the window seat in the fourth row. These droplets had a mean diameter of 90 µm, an exhalation velocity of 11.5 m/s and a flow rate of 8.5 L/s. A high-quality polyhedral mesh of about 7.5 million elements was created, with a skewness of 0.65 and an orthogonality of 0.3. The SIMPLE algorithm and a second-order upwind finite volume method were used to model airflow and droplet dynamics. It was found that the ceiling accounted for the maximum concentration followed by the seats. The concentration of deposits was almost 50% more when the source was at window as compared to the centre seat. The Covid particles resided for longer duration when the source was at the centre of the cabin than when it was located near the widow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical model based on stimulus-organismresponse, social impact, and signaling theory to examine the factors influencing the successful application of the celebrity endorsement strategy in social commerce (SC). Three aspects involved in the model include social experience, content quality and endorser credibility, which have yet to be comprehensively compared in previous studies. The process, therefore, involved thoroughly examining the social and quality factors associated with endorser quality, leading to brand image. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 340 pieces of valid feedback from Indonesian respondents were used to validate the proposed model using structural equation modeling analysis. The model includes endorser expertise, attractiveness, brand credibility, content quality, parasocial interaction and herd behavior. Findings: The study showed how parasocial interaction, herd behavior and content quality in SC platforms affect the credibility of endorsers, affecting brand credibility and leading to customer purchase intention. Originality/value: This study explains how social experience and content quality affect endorsers' credibility, leading to the brand's credibility, which affects consumer purchase decisions in the SC context. It was discovered that most of the prior related studies focused on celebrity and brand credibility without adequate attention to other constructs existing in SC, such as social interaction and content quality. It also contributes to the practical aspect by proposing managerial action based on direct and indirect effect analysis, which is not comprehensively indicated in previous related studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface area and porosity are the main factors that affect hydrogen storage at room temperature. However, there are several external factors such as pressure of gas, reaction time and the amount of sample used during the process that might affect the performance of the hybrid nanocomposites towards hydrogen storage. In this study, central composite design (CCD) for response surface methodology (RSM) was used in determining the optimum conditions namely mass of sample (A), pressure of hydrogen gas (B) and reaction time (C) towards the hydrogen storage at room temperature. Rice husk derived graphene-like material (GRHC) was added into zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) to form a hybrid nanocomposite of ZIF-8/GRHC (ZGK) via in-situ synthesis. Due to synergistic effect, the surface area of ZGK (1065.51 m2/g) shows a great enhancement as 0.04 g GRHC was introduced as compared to pristine ZIF-8 (687.32 m2/g). On the other hand, the thermal stability of ZGK improved significantly as it can withstand up to 1000 ºC as compared to pristine GRHC and ZIF-8 respectively. Due to superior physicochemical properties of ZGK, it was chosen to undergo optimization of hydrogen storage at room temperature. From the confirmatory test which was run for three times, the optimum hydrogen storage at room temperature in ZGK was 1.95 wt.% when 0.50 g of ZGK was used; 15 bar of hydrogen gas was applied and the reaction time was 60 min as per suggested from the CCD.Highlights: The addition of GRHC enhanced the surface area of ZGK up to 55 %. ZGK exhibited a smaller pore size, 0.81 nm which is desired to store hydrogen. Thermal stability of ZGK improved (~1000 ºC) as GRHC is introduced in the nanocomposites. The optimum condition for hydrogen storage was; 0.50 g of ZGK, 15 bar of hydrogen gas and 60 mins reaction time. The optimum hydrogen storage of ZGK at room temperature was around 1.95 wt. %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In all countries, the burden of mental disorders (MDs) spans the entire life course. Smartphones are currently widely used by families with a history of MD looking for the required mental health information. The use of digital media is an alternative to improving the ability of families to care for person with MD at home. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the opportunity and the benefits of e-coaching as a method and media for empowering families of MD person. Methods: This study was a qualitative study that recruited 21 participants. The mean age was 45.7 years old, male 42.9%, and female 47.1%. They were divided into four groups: families who have a family member with MD, nurses who provide mental health services, mental health cadres, and government elements in Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. An in-depth interview was applied to collect data. Further, the data were analyzed using thematic content analysis using Colaizzi's frame. Results: There were four themes related to the possibility of using e-coaching to empower families with a family member with MD: menus, needs, supporting factors, and hindering factors. The use of information technology can be used to improve the ability to take care of families, especially in treating MDs at home with the e-coaching application. Conclusions: The findings show that developing e-coaching as a method and media is beneficial for person, families, and healthcare providers. In an effort to increase families' capacity to treat MD at home, the findings of this study might be used to create an easy-to-use smartphone e-coaching application. Recommendation: It is essential to establish e-coaching through a smartphone-based application in the Indonesian context. Additionally, to better treat MD person, nurses who provide mental health care should consider utilizing the mobile application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, sequential feeding method was conducted due to some coal-fired power plants not being equipped by coal blending facility. Its effect on ash-related problem was investigated using drop tube furnace combustion test and ash particle observation method. AUS coal (low-slagging risk sample) and KT coal (high-slagging risk sample) were used to obtain AK-1 coal and AK-2 coal. AK-1 coal was a coal sample of out-furnace blending method, while AK-2 coal was coal sample of sequential feeding method. AK-1 probe tended to be more similar to AUS coal with only a small spot of ash attached on the probe surface. Meanwhile, AK-2 probe had more ash attached on the probe surface, indicating more severe slagging than AK-1 probe. According to ash morphology, the result indicated that the upper layer of slag tended to be more similar to AUS coal ash, while initial layer of slag of AK-2 coal contained more KT coal ash. Based on ash mineralogy, sodium in AK-2 coal was distributed evenly which was different with AK-1 coal. This result shows that sequential feeding method is not applicable to reduce slagging and fouling risk of KT coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major problem in cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is the failure of the patient's immune response to eliminate the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Epigenetic regulation involving the HBV core protein (HBc) and HBV X protein (HBx) influences the transcription and stability of the cccDNA minichromosome. The HBc and/or HBx-based therapeutic vaccines that have been developed cannot accommodate differences between HBV genotypes. This research aims to design a therapeutic vaccine candidate based on the multi-epitope of HBc and HBx using reverse vaccinology (RV) and immunoinformatics approach. HBc and HBx sequences from 10 HBV genotypes were obtained from the NCBI Entrez Protein database. Epitopes were predicted from consensus sequences, which consisted of 13,610 HBc sequences and 12,333 HBx sequences. The study identified four cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes, two helper T lymphocyte epitopes, and five linear B lymphocyte that met the inclusion criteria. The vaccine candidate designed using cholera toxin subunit B and pan HLA DR-binding epitope adjuvants was predicted to be safe, antigenic, stable, and has a global population coverage of 99.43%. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the vaccine candidate could stably bind to B cell receptor, cytotoxic T cell receptor, and TLR4 for 100 ns. Immune response simulation indicated that it can induce antibody production and the proliferation of B and T cells. It can be concluded that RV and immunoinformatics successfully facilitated the design of a multi-epitope therapeutic vaccine candidate for CHB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical forests face increasing pressure from logging activities, necessitating sustainable management practices to balance economic demands with ecological preservation. This study investigates the effectiveness of buffer zones in maintaining soil quality in logged tropical forests of Sarawak, Malaysia. We compared soil properties and calculated Tropical Soil Quality Index (TSQI) scores across three forest management conditions: natural forest, logged forest with buffer zones, and logged forest without buffer zones. Topsoil samples (0-20 cm depth) were collected from multiple plots within each condition and analyzed for pH, total carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations. TSQI scores were calculated following established methods. Results showed that natural forests and logged forests with buffer zones achieved similar TSQI percentages of 50%, while logged forests without buffer zones scored significantly lower at 30%. Buffer zones effectively maintained soil pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations at levels closer to those of natural forests. These findings highlight the importance of buffer zones in mitigating the negative impacts of logging on soil quality. The study provides valuable insights for forest managers and policymakers, supporting the implementation of buffer zones as a key component of sustainable tropical forest management practices. Further research is recommended to assess long-term effects and optimize buffer zone design for maximum soil conservation benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normatively, debates in election is aimed to provide a platform for communicating the idas of candidtaes to the voters. However, in practice what is shown in the floor and screen of debates is often more than this. Based on the comunication theory of dialectic reality, this research aims to understand the social drama and the consturction of reality in the dialectical reality in the 5th presidential debate of the 2024 election in Indonesia, which was shown live in the social media of Indonesian election commitee (KPU), particularly itsYouTube channel. This research is imp[ortant to reveal how the performance displayed causes message distortion, which may shift the focus of the away fromcontent does not reach the public. Using mix method, this research analyzes the process of conveying messages from the costume structure, the content of the debate substance, and the role of new media that displays it. The data present the display of the costumes of the three presidential candidates in the 5th debate, the cirrus of the substance of the debate theme and public comments on the KPU RI YouTube, and the trends of the role of new media. This research conducted the data analysis map ussing Voyant.tools and ytcomment.kmcat.uk/. The results of this study show that First, the costumes of the presidential candidates in the drama of the debate show have elements of representation of cultural and political values. Second, the 5th presidential debate of the 2024 candidates showed a dialectical reality in the form of a stage drama related to the substance of the debate theme (social welfare, culture, education, information technology, health, and employment) with public comments on the YouTube platform. Third, new media has a role in transforming the dialectical reality of the debate event into a social drama in YouTube comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is valued for its anti-diabetic properties due to terpenoid compounds like charantin, but production struggles to meet market demands. This study aimed to analyze the response of plant growth characteristics, fruit production, and terpenoid compound production in bitter melon fruit by improving phosphorus availability through guano fertilizer application as additional organic fertilizer in organic cultivation. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2024 at the IPB experimental station in Cikarawang, Bogor, Indonesia. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with varying guano fertilizer doses (0, 152, 304, and 456 g per plant). Observations were conducted on 10 sample plants per experimental unit. The observed characteristics included vegetative and reproductive growth, fruit production, and total terpenoid production. Terpenoid analysis was performed using a colorimetric method with an ELISA reader. The results showed that guano fertilizer significantly affected several plant growth and production variables. Higher doses increased several values of vegetative growth parameters, flower numbers, and fruit production. The 304 g guano per plant yielded the highest concentration and production of terpenoids. This study demonstrates the potential of guano fertilizer to enhance bitter melon growth, yield, and terpenoid content, contributing to improved production to meet market demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the role of teachers and schools in actualizing the value of local wisdom into PPKn (Civic Education) learning so that it becomes a strengthening of national character with religious values, independence, nationalism, mutual cooperation, and has integrity values. This study employed a descriptive approach with qualitative case studies conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Banguntapan Bantul. The subjects were selected purposively, and data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation. The actualization of these values was analyzed as strengthening the national character of students. The research highlights the importance of cultural context in education and its role in fostering a sense of national identity. By identifying the supporting and inhibiting factors in this process, the study provides insights that can inform educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers about effective strategies and potential challenges in promoting local wisdom within civic education. This contribution is crucial for enhancing educational practices that align with Indonesia's cultural heritage while promoting national character development among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore how the Indonesian legal system can adapt to contemporary issues through comparative analysis with legal systems in other countries. The study first uses secondary data collection methods and case studies to identify the differences and similarities between Indonesia's legal system and the common law and civil law legal systems. The results of this analysis are expected to not only provide insight into the best practices that can be adopted by Indonesia to be able to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement in the face of modern challenges, but also offer a solid foundation for reforming legal policies to be more responsive and adaptive to the challenges of digitalization and globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) is a marine mammal that lives in relatively small populations. The geographic ranges of this species are susceptible to the effects of human activities, thereby necessitating conservation efforts to prevent extinction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the daily quality of dolphin sperm after several days of refrigeration. The sperm of two male dolphins were stored at 4oC for 4 days, and the quality was observed daily to determine the motility, viability, membrane integrity, and sperm abnormalities. Sperm samples were divided into four groups, consisting of two centrifuged followed by the removal of seminal plasma, and two groups without centrifugation, containing 100x106 and 200x106 sperm/ml each. After liquid storage, the motility of sperm was 63-75% with no significant reduction in the first 3 days. Sperm viability following storage was 65-75% and the percentage with abnormal morphology ranged from 2-6%. Furthermore, there was no significant increase in abnormal morphology of sperm on any day of storage for 3 days. Sperm membrane integrity was 36-49%, with no significant reduction in the membrane integrity in the first 2 days. There was no significant difference in sperm quality, although centrifugation and removal of seminal plasm had a slight effect. The results of this study showed that Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin sperm could be stored for a short period as liquid storage while maintaining a quality that allows for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT XYZ is a biomass production company established in 2021, dedicated to sustainable biomass solutions, positioning itself at the forefront of an industry with significant growth potential given the global urgency for clean energy solutions. Despite operating in a high-growth potential sector, PT XYZ experienced stagnation and even a decline in product sales in 2023. To understand the root causes and formulate effective solutions, this study employs various analytical methods, including the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix and the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix to assess the internal and external factors affecting the company's performance. The Internal-External (IE) Matrix and SWOT Matrix were then used to match these factors and develop various strategic alternatives. Finally, the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was used to objectively evaluate the strategic alternatives and generate optimal marketing strategy recommendations for PT XYZ. Based on the analysis using the IFE and EFE matrices, PT XYZ is positioned in the grow and build quadrant with an IFE score of 3.29 and an EFE score of 3.20. Through SWOT analysis, seven alternative marketing strategies were identified. Subsequently, QSPM analysis prioritized these strategies, with obtaining SVLK certification as the top priority, followed by increasing awareness and branding, developing innovation and product diversification, expanding into new markets, enhancing human resources in sales and marketing, increasing production capacity, and improving education and awareness about renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring data security in today's digital landscape is of paramount importance, driving the exploration of advanced techniques for safeguarding confidential information. This study introduces a robust approach that combines advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption with key expansion, genetic algorithms (GA), and least significant bit (LSB) embedding to achieve secure data concealment within digital images. Motivated by the pressing need for enhanced data protection, our work addresses the critical challenge of securing sensitive information from unauthorized access. Specifically, we present a systematic methodology that integrates AES encryption for robust data security, GA for optimization, and LSB embedding for subtle information concealment. Through comprehensive experimentation, involving images such as 'Lena.jpg,' 'Peppers.jpg,' and 'Baboon.jpg,' we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. The imperceptible modification rates mean squared error (MSE) of 0.199, 0.101, and 0.105, coupled with high peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNR) of 10.04 dB, 9.95 dB, and 9.79 dB respectively, underscore the fidelity and subtlety of the embedded information. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on data security by offering a comprehensive and innovative approach that addresses the evolving challenges in safeguarding digital information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is a country rich in cultural values passed down from generation to generation, such as folklore. This challenge is because folklore in Indonesia is told orally and mostly only documented in the form of story books. So that folklore can be re-interested by children and to achieve the objectives of the learning process, visualizations are made using Virtual Reality technology. The folklore that will be raised is a folk tale from the province of Southeast Sulawesi entitled About the Knights and the Garuda Bird in the Legend of the Formation of Mount Mekongga. The purpose of this research is to be able to maintain folklore as a national culture in the midst of the development of fictional stories by utilizing Virtual Reality technology. By using 2D moving image visualization and using Virtual Reality technology with the Sprint Model, it is hoped that students will be more interested in knowing folklore. There is an effect of learning models using Virtual on students on folklore material in class VII at SMPN 2 Kendari based on the gain test results that get a value of 0.6093, meaning that the learning outcomes before getting treatment with already getting treatment have increased by 0.6093. Student responses to questionnaires from student answers obtained a percentage of 85.5%, student responses after the learning process can be included in the "Very Strong" category. So, it can be concluded that the learning process by applying Virtual Reality gets a good response from all students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of religious moderation values at the primary, secondary and tertiary education levels is essential to maintain harmony in a plural society. Radicalization and intolerance are challenges that must be faced in the education process. This study aims to analyze the implementation of religious moderation values in Islamic education at various levels, as well as to identify challenges and effective strategies in its implementation. The research methodology used is qualitative with a literature research approach. Data were collected from various relevant literature sources to answer the research questions. The results show that the implementation of religious moderation values is carried out through an approach that is in accordance with the development of students at each level of education. However, there are still challenges in the form of gaps in understanding among students and lack of community involvement. The implementation of religious moderation values in schools has a strategic role in shaping an inclusive and tolerant generation. Collaboration between educational institutions, government and communities is essential to ensure the internalization of these values at all levels of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judges play a vital role in upholding justice and public trust within the judicial system. This study examines the importance of the Judges' Code of Ethics in Indonesia, emphasizing its influence on the accountability and integrity of judicial decisions. The primary objectives are to analyze how the code serves as a guideline for judges and to assess its impact on public confidence in the legal system. Utilizing a normative juridical research method, the study relies on both primary and secondary legal materials, including legislative documents and case studies. The research involves a comprehensive literature review and a legislative approach to understand the ethical standards expected of judges in their professional conduct. The findings reveal that adherence to the Judges' Code of Ethics is crucial for maintaining impartiality, avoiding conflicts of interest, and ensuring fair trial processes. Ethical violations can significantly undermine public trust, leading to skepticism regarding judicial impartiality and the effectiveness of the legal system. The study highlights that judges must conduct themselves with integrity, uphold the principles of justice, and avoid any actions that could compromise their role. In conclusion, the Judges' Code of Ethics not only serves as a regulatory framework for judicial behaviour but also acts as a foundation for public confidence in the judiciary. For the legal system to function effectively, it is imperative that judges adhere to these ethical standards, ensuring that their decisions are perceived as fair and just. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrections play a vital role within the integrated justice system, providing a recovery process for law violators. Correctional institutions aim not only to punish but also to rehabilitate and guide offenders toward social reintegration. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of assimilation programs in restoring the lives and livelihoods of prisoners and to explore how correctional institutions implement community-based corrections through these programs. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing data from relevant journals and regulations. An empirical legal analysis was conducted to examine the impact of assimilation programs on the rehabilitation of prisoners. The findings indicate that assimilation programs significantly enhance the self-improvement and social reintegration of prisoners. These programs provide essential skills training and community engagement opportunities, which are crucial for reducing recidivism. The study concludes that assimilation programs are effective in facilitating the recovery of prisoners and promoting their reintegration into society. This underscores the need for on-going support and enhancement of such programs within correctional institutions to ensure their success and the safety of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study empirically examines the relationship between risk-taking behavior, green finance, and corporate sustainability performance. Using quantitative methods with Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis, it analyzes 99 observations from 25 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that published Sustainability Reports during 2013-2022. The results reveal a negative, significant relationship between risk-taking and green finance, but no significant impact on sustainability performance. This suggests that risk-taking hinders green finance effectiveness but does not directly affect sustainability outcomes. The study highlights the need for robust risk management within sustainability frameworks, emphasizing the model's strong predictive power. It provides insights into the interplay between risk-taking and green finance effectiveness, advocating for aligning financial goals with environmental responsibilities. Practically, managers should integrate sustainability into strategic planning, adopt transparent decision-making, and incentivize eco-friendly initiatives. Collaboration with regulators and financial institutions, such as issuing guaranteed green bonds, can mitigate risks and promote green finance adoption. Balancing risk-taking with sustainability is essential to creating long-term corporate and environmental value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public engagement is important in sustaining public health through an effective risk communication process with e-government applications. By integrating seeking health risk information, social media competence, and trust in government information into the protective theory model, this study examines public engagement in adopting e-government applications for health risk communication in order to achieve sustainable public health practices with self-protective discipline. By applying the convenience sampling method, this study has collected 230 sample data and analysed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling Technique. The results indicated that perceived severity and response efficacy have a significant influence on risk information-seeking behaviour. Social media competence and trust in government information were found to significantly determine the intention to adopt e-government applications to interact with the government for risk communication. The findings suggest that it is crucial for the government to establish trust and enhance the publics' digital competence so as to increase the effectiveness of risk communication through the application of e-government services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White chocolate, which does not contain cocoa mass, is less healthy than dark and milk chocolate. Due to its milk content, white chocolate can also cause issues for those with lactose intolerance or dairy allergies. To overcome these problems, a study was conducted by adding highly antioxidant encapsulated cinnamon extract (ECE) to vegan white chocolate formulated with different levels of soy protein isolate (SPI) and coconut flour (CF). This study aimed to examine the chocolate's total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (IC₅₀), protein and fat content, particle size distribution, texture, color, melting point, and sensory characteristics. The results showed that the addition of SPI and CF had a significant impact on the properties of the white chocolate, except for hardness. Incorporating 2% (w/w), ECE significantly increased the total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Total phenolics and flavonoids were positively correlated with antioxidant activity. Vegan white chocolate formulated with 27% SPI, 10% CF, and 2% ECE was acceptable to panelists, and thus, this product can be potentially consumed by lactose-intolerant and vegan consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effect of preheating on the toughness of dissimilar welded joints between AISI 1037 and AISI 304 steels, using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and E309-16 electrodes. The innovation of this approach lies in assessing how preheating temperatures influence the mechanical properties of such welds. Preheating temperatures ranged from 150 °C to 300 °C, with impact testing revealing a notable increase in toughness, from 6.01 Joules at 150 °C to 19.57 Joules at 300 °C. Hardness tests indicated a maximum hardness of 313 VHN in the fusion zone and a minimum of 185 VHN in the AISI 304 area. Compared to non-preheated joints, preheating significantly enhanced impact strength and altered the fracture mode from brittle to ductile. Macrostructural and microstructural analyses with optical microscopy and SEM showcased changes in fracture surfaces and microstructural evolution, highlighting the improvement in mechanical properties due to preheating. These findings demonstrate that preheating critically enhances the toughness and overall performance of dissimilar metal welds, making it a valuable technique in industrial applications where enhanced joint toughness is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kenikir leaves are one of the traditional medicines used in Indonesia, yet only some studies investigate the compounds tested against them. This study aimed to evaluate Kenikir leaves as mouthwash with organoleptic tests and determine the differences in preferences. This type of research is quasi-experimental. The sample size is 32 people as organoleptic test panelists. The parameters were the color, smell, and taste of Kenikir leaf extract mouthwash material with original, mint, and mixed fruit flavors with a hedonic scale with ethnic groups of Jawa, Flores, Lombok, Bali, and Timor. The study results showed that regarding the color, the panelists preferred the mixed fruit color, with a p = 0.032 (p <0.05). Regarding the smell, the panelists preferred the mixed fruit with p = 0.019 (p <0.05). The panelists preferred the taste of mouthwash ingredients with mint flavor, but the assessment difference was insignificant at p = 0.276 (p> 0.05). Timor people like the product most. Meanwhile, the Flores ethnic group hardly likes all mouthwash products with Kenikir leaf extract. In conclusion, most preferred organoleptic test panelists of mouthwash ingredients are mouthwash ingredients with mixed fruit aroma/smell, color, and mint flavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]