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This study presents the results of a detailed paleoclimate investigation on stalagmite YL-1 (Yelini Cave, Türkiye). YL-1 grew between 117.13 (+0.57/−0.44) ka and 114.87 (+1.63/−2.89) ka within Greenland Stadial 26, indicating a positive moisture balance during the stadial conditions in this semi-arid region. Rainfall is significantly affected by sub-cloud and surface evaporation and decreasing net effective winter precipitation is recorded by high isotope values. Enriched δ18O and δ13C at 116.65 (+0.51/−0.39) ka are interpreted as a drought event that took place ca. 400 years before the end of the MIS 5e. This event, which was reported simultaneously in marine and terrestrial archives in the Northern Hemisphere, is a result of decreased cyclone activity linked to weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. 87Sr/86Sr values of YL-1 are close to the host-rock values. Decreased 87Sr/86Sr ratio at 116.67 (+0.54/−0.38) ka reflects the intensified water–rock interaction due to lower precipitation. Along with prior calcite precipitation effect, this is also observed by increased Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca, while low P, Cu, Be, Y, and Zr concentrations indicate a lowered amount of soil-derived colloidal material. The MIS 5e/5d transition is marked by reduced insolation and enriched δ18O at 116.24 (+0.53/−0.86) ka. The Greenland Interstadial 25 phase at 115.87 (+0.83/−1.71) ka is represented by more negative δ18O and δ13C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The socle stones of the Great Temple in the Lower City of the Hittite capital city, Hattusha (Çorum Province) have been studied for the first time by petrographic and geochemical analysis (Sr isotope, stable isotope, and trace element geochemistry). Study objectives were to determine the carbonate facies of the stone samples used in the Great Temple and investigate their possible sources. Petrographic analysis of 10 limestone samples presents five clusters of different microfacies. Stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) analysis displayed the presence of 5 groups in parallel with petrographic analysis. Trace element analysis of the same groups displayed considerable difference among the stone samples and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios change between 0.70697 and 0.706867. Based on the results, it can be stated that the building using stones are from probably five different sources. This is of great importance to better understand the construction process and the acquisition of the building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated two stalagmites from the Saripa Cave and Bumi Cave in southern Sulawesi, Indonesia, using high-precision U-series dating and high-resolution trace element and C-O-Sr isotope analysis. The growth record (from 10.4 ± 0.1 ka to 77.4 ± 0.9 ka) of the Saripa Cave stalagmite (SR04-ST3) is fragmented with two major (at the top: 10.4-11.6 ka and middle: 43.8-44.7 ka sections of the stalagmite) and some short (middle and bottom sections) growth phases, interrupted by long-lasting growth hiatuses. Both the timing of the growth phases and the δ18O values for different growth phases are correlated with those of cold/dry (~22 ka and 43.8-44.7 ka) and wet/warm periods (e.g., Greenland Interstadials 12, 14, and 21) in the northern hemisphere speleothem records, displaying both anti-phase and in-phase relationships with the northern hemisphere records. This observation is unique in the Western Pacific tropical region, mostly likely because the Saripa Cave is located within the region of the latitudinally migrating Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), whereby the rainfall seasons may have changed through time depending on the mean latitude of the ITCZ. The Saripa Cave stalagmite contains textural laminae, which are here interpreted as a record of rapid environmental changes, possibly caused by volcanic eruptions at around 22.55 ka and 44.73 ka BP. The Bumi Cave record (stalagmite BC-09-3-C), on the other hand, presents very little variation in stable isotope and trace element compositions between 26.8 ka and 18.5 ka and does not seem to be influenced by any possible volcanic activity. More detailed future studies investigating millimeter- to submillimeter-scale geochemical time-series constrained by accurate ages in speleothems can be useful in unfolding the effects of eruptions and provide parallel records of climate and sudden environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following acknowledgment was omitted from the article (Gürbüz et al., 2023):"This study is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under grant No: 118C275 (awarded to Dr. İ. Tonguç Uysal) and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No: 842403 (awarded to the corresponding author Dr. Ezgi Ünal İmer)."The original article has been updated.By Kaan Gürbüz; Halim Mutlu; Ezgi Ünal-İmer; İ. Tonguç Uysal and Jian-Xin ZhaoReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

The understanding of the relationship between the geochemistry of fluids circulating during travertine deposition and the presence of active faults is crucial for evaluating the seismogenetic potential of an area. Here we investigate travertines from Pamukkale and Reşadiye (Turkey), sited in seismic regions and next to thermal springs. These travertines formed ~24,500–50,000 (Pamukkale) and ~240–14,600 years (Reşadiye) BP. We characterize fluid inclusions (FIs) and studied concentration of H2O, CO2, O2 + N2, and 3He, 4He, 20Ne, and 40Ar, and bulk composition (trace elements and δ13C‐δ18O). FIs from both localities are mainly primary with low salinity and homogenization temperature around 136–140 °C. H2O is the major component followed by CO2, with the highest gas content measured in Pamukkale travertines. Concentrations of Ne‐Ar together with O2 + N2 indicate that travertines from both areas precipitated from atmosphere‐derived fluids. The 3He/4He is 0.5–1.3 Ra in Pamukkale and 0.9–4.4 Ra in Reşadiye. Samples with R/Ra > 1 are modified by cosmogenic 3He addition during exposure to cosmic rays. Excluding these data, FIs of Reşadiye are mostly atmosphere‐derived. This implies a shallow formation where the circulation was dominated by meteoric waters, which is consistent with their young age. Instead, FIs of Pamukkale show mixing of mantle‐, crustal‐, and atmosphere‐derived He, indicating that these travertines formed in lithospheric fractures. Based on the δ13CCO2 and δ18O of bulk rocks, we infer that travertines formed involving crustal‐ (mechanochemical rather than organic) and mantle‐derived CO2. Trace elements of Pamukkale and Reşadiye show comparable rare earth element patterns. We conclude that travertines formed in response of seismogenetic activity. Key Points: We studied the geochemistry of fluid inclusions in travertine deposits from Pamukkale and Reşadiye areas (Turkey).Concentrations of Ne‐Ar and O2+N2 indicate that travertines from both areas precipitated from atmosphere‐derived fluids.The 3He/4He values indicate that Reşadiye travertines formed at shallow depth, while Pamukkale in an active system of lithospheric fractures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U‐Th dating of carbonate veins in connection with active tectonics has recently been used as an attractive tool for constraining the absolute timing of late Quaternary crustal deformations. In this study, for the first time we correlate U‐Th ages of travertine deposits in coseismic fissures along the North Anatolian Fault Zone with records of paleoseismological studies supported by historical earthquake catalogued data. U‐Th ages are assessed in relation to the recurrence interval and the size and epicenter distance of major Holocene earthquakes. Our statistical evaluations on age correlations indicate that the carbonate vein precipitation is concentrated in eight different periods along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The periods are well correlated with historical earthquake records and with previous dating results of the nearby trench studies. At least six of the periods correspond to the earthquakes reported in the historical catalogues. The age correlations of carbonate precipitation intervals for the last millennium show a recurrence along the eastern North Anatolian Fault Zone with a mode at 130–330 years that is consistent with a previously proposed paleoseismic recurrence interval of the fault. Recorded events in carbonate veins indicate a close‐epicenter (d < 200 km) and high‐intensity (I > VI) paleoearthquakes. Our results suggest that coseismic carbonate veins could be used to determine paleoseismic records as a supplementary tool to augment paleoseismological techniques. This tool has advantages over traditional paleoseismological methods for the understanding of long‐term earthquake behavior, particularly for prehistoric late Pleistocene events which cannot be dated easily by traditional paleoseismological methods. Key Points: Age distributions of coseismic carbonate veins are comparable with historical earthquakesCoseismic carbonates are precipitated with the close‐epicenter (d < 200 km) and high‐intensity (I > VI) earthquakesCoseismic carbonates are a good candidate to determine the long‐term seismic release records [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "An 80 kyr-long continuous speleothem record from Dim Cave, SW Turkey with paleoclimatic implications for the Eastern Mediterranean" that was published online in the September 4, 2015 issue is presented.

Speleothem-based stable isotope records are valuable in sub-humid and semi-arid settings where many other terrestrial climate proxies are fragmentary. The Eastern Mediterranean is one such region. Here we present an 80-kyr-long precisely-dated (by U-series) and high-resolution oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) records from Dim Cave (~36°N) in SW Turkey. The glacial-interglacial δ18O variations in the Dim Cave speleothem are best explained in terms of changes in the trajectories of winter westerly air masses. These are along a northerly (European) track (isotopically less depleted) during the early last glaciation but are gradually depressed southward closer to the modern westerly track along the North African coast (more depleted) after c.50 kyr and remain in the southern track through the Last Glacial Maximum. The southward displacement of the westerly track reflects growth of the Fennoscandian ice sheet and its impact on westerly wind fields. Changes in δ13C are interpreted as reflecting soil organic matter composition and/or thickness. δ13C values are significantly more negative in interglacials reflecting active carbonic acid production in the soil and less negative in glacial times reflecting carbonate rock values. Several Heinrich events are recorded in the Dim record indicating intensification of westerly flow across this part of the EM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]