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In mild cases, it is difficult to diagnose pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). There is no gold standard method for the diagnosis of PEI. A reliable method is needed for preliminary diagnosis of PEI. The PEI-TEST was applied to the patients with nonspecific gastrointestinal complaints. Serum amylase, lipase, serum trypsinogen, and fecal elastase 1 (FE-1) were analyzed from each patient. According to the PEI-TEST, PEI was present in 42 (47.7%) and PEI was not present in 46 (52.3%) patients. No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups with regard to age, gender and amylase, lipase, serum trypsinogen, and FE-1. When an FE-1 value of <200 µg/dL was considered as indicating PEI, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be 47.4% and 52.2%, respectively. Although it is promising that PEI-TEST is a validated test in our country and suitable for our society, it is not suitable for pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pamukkale Medical Journal is the property of Pamukkale Journal of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (AD, PD), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are thought to be deeply affected by changes in the pathophysiological processes of neurons. As new peptides, it was aimed to evaluate the level of adropin and MOTS‐c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA‐c) and its possible relationship with NSE (neuron‐specific enolase) and NF‐L (neurofilament light chain) in terms of neuronal interaction. Methods: This study was conducted with 32 patients from each subgroup and group‐appropriate controls. Disease identifiers and hemogram/biochemical parameters specific to the groups of participants were obtained. Additionally, plasma adropin, MOTS‐c, NSE, and NF‐L levels were evaluated by the ELISA method. Results: Plasma adropin levels were decreased in the AD group and decreased in MOTS‐c, AIS, and AD groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). Similar values were found in the MS group compared to its control (p > 0.05). In correlation analysis of these markers with laboratory parameters, while platelet and cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with adropin levels; platelet, lymphocyte, and triglyceride levels were positively correlated with MOTS‐c (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides new information about adropin may be potentially important markers in AD and MOTS‐C in AIS and AD. Future studies are needed to examine the relationship between changes in metabolic profiles and these peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative business process modeling is a collective activity where team members jointly discuss, design, and document business processes. During such activities, team members need to communicate with each other to coordinate the modeling activities, propose and justify changes, and negotiate common terms and definitions. Throughout this process, stakeholders should be aware of when and what kind of changes have been made by each team member on the shared space so that they can discuss design ideas and build on each other's work. Joint visual attention has a fundamental role in establishing and maintaining common ground among interlocutors in such cooperative work settings. In addition to this, the co-constructed model's quality is often considered a key evaluation outcome measure to assess the success of collaboration. However, process and outcome measures of collaboration have been prone to difficulties due to challenges in devising measures that can adequately capture the complex dynamics of collaborative work. This study explored the relationship between a popularly used outcome measure in the business process modeling literature and a process measure approximating the level of joint visual attention present among the participants based on the degree of gaze cross-recurrence among the team members over a shared task space. The results suggest that joint visual attention as operationalized in terms of gaze cross-recurrence was a strong predictor of the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic qualities of collaboratively produced business process models. Moreover, the collaboration process was subjected to qualitative analysis to probe further into the interactional organization of the modeling activity, which identified communication, coordination, awareness, group decision making, and motivation dimensions as key factors contributing to the quality of collaboration among group members. The results indicated strong relationships between the distribution of quality factors and the degree of gaze cross-recurrence and the final models' syntactic and semantic quality scores. Given the increasing availability of affordable eye trackers and the low resolution, practical nature of the employed analysis methodology, the proposed approach can be fruitfully employed to evaluate team performance and test the effectiveness of software interfaces designed to support collaborative work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objectives: We analyzed the nationwide pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) registry (1998-2016), to evaluate the nutritional status at the time of diagnosis.Subjects/methods: Nine types of nutritional status by the combination of weight-for-length (<2 years)/body mass index (>2 years) and length/height-for-age with three categories (<-2, -2 to 2, and >2 SD) were described. Malnutrition was defined by WHO criteria. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for malnutrition.Results: In total, 824 IBD patients (498 Ulcerative colitis (UC); 289 Crohn's Disease (CD); 37 Indeterminate Colitis (IC); 412 male; the median age 12.5 years) were eligible. The prevalence of eutrophy, wasting/thinness, stunting, overweight, tall stature, concurrent wasting/thinness and stunting, tall stature with overweight, tall stature with wasting/thinness, and short stature with overweight were 67.4%, 14.9%, 6.6%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 1.1%, 0.4%, and 0.1%, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was 32.7%, indicating a higher prevalence in CD (p < 0.001). Incidence of overweight was less common in the CD than UC and IC (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age of onset (>10 years), prepubertal stage, severe disease activity, perianal involvement, and high C reactive protein level were independently associated with malnutrition in pediatric IBD.Conclusion: We showed the frequency of nutritional impairment in PIBD. The percentage of overweight subjects was lower than the other studies. The age of onset, disease activity, CRP level, perianal involvement, and pubertal stage were associated with a higher risk for developing malnutrition. Our results also confirmed that CD patients are particularly vulnerable to nutritional impairment.Clinical Trial Number: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04457518. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: marine algae; marine flora; Mediterranean Sea; Turkey EN marine algae marine flora Mediterranean Sea Turkey 231 241 11 08/09/22 20220801 NES 220801 1 Introduction Turkey is washed by four seas of different oceanographic character (i.e., sea surface salinities in the Black Sea, the Marmara Sea, and on the coasts of the Aegean and the Levantine are 14-18, 20-24, and 35-38, respectively, and the corresponding temperatures are 8-11 °C, 10-12 °C, and 13-18 °C). Marine algae, marine flora, Mediterranean Sea, Turkey Taxonomy and distribution of Fucales (Phaeophyta) members on Aegean and Mediterranean coasts of Turkey. Graph: Figure 3: (a) Total taxa of marine macroalgae and (b) the relative contribution of different orders on the Aegean and the Levantine coasts of Turkey. The purpose of this paper is to present a current review of benthic marine algal species reported from the Aegean and Levantine coasts of Turkey, and also to report the occurrence of the marine red alga I Palisada maris-rubri i for the first time from the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. [Extracted from the article]

Aim: The differentiation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) from other gastrointestinal diseases in pediatric patients is highly important and the definitive diagnosis of IBD is established by endoscopic examination. The use of non-invasive methods (clinical symptoms and laboratory tests) allows for the early and accurate referral of patients from first step health centers to advanced health centers. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of fecal calprotectin (FC) in the differentiation of IBD from other gastrointestinal diseases in children. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had undergone FC testing and colonoscopy. The demographic characteristics, alarm symptoms (AS), and abnormal laboratory findings (ALF) were recorded for each patient. A negative calprotectin result was considered to be less than 50 µg/g, and a second cut-off value for FC was accepted as 150 µg/g. Definitive diagnosis was established by colonoscopy in each patient. Results: The study included 88 consecutive patients (mean age, 10.2±6.1 years; 51.1% female). Of these, 20 (22.7%) patients were diagnosed with IBD. No significant difference was found between IBD and non-IBD patients with regard to the presence of AS except for involuntary weight loss (p<0.001). The prevalence of increased C-reactive protein and hypoalbuminemia was significantly higher in the IBD patients (p=0.002 and p=0.026, respectively). FC>50 µg/g [80.0 vs 39.7%, p=0.044, odds ratio (OR): 6.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83 to 23.42] and >150 µg/g (60.0 vs 16.2%, p=0.002, OR: 7.78, 95% CI 1.83 to 20.14) was significantly higher in the IBD patients compared to the non-IBD patients. AS combined with ALF and FC>150 µg/g had the highest specificity (95.12%). Conclusion: Although primary care clinicians often use AS and laboratory parameters in the differentiation of IBD from non-IBD diseases, FC was found to have a relatively higher diagnostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study assesses the diagnostic significance of low ferritin levels in gastrointestinal diseases by evaluating the endoscopic findings of patients with low ferritin levels without anemia. Method: The study included patients aged 0–18 years who underwent an upper and lower gastrointestinal system endoscopy in the Pediatric Gastroenterology Department of our hospital. The patients were divided into three groups based on hemoglobin, and ferritin levels at the time of initial presentation and endoscopic and histopathological findings were recorded retrospectively. Results: In the present study, 2391 pediatric patients were reviewed, among which 29% (n = 699) had anemia, 23% (n = 549) had low ferritin levels without anemia, and 48% (n = 1143) did not have anemia. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and growth retardation. When the endoscopy findings were compared with those of patients with non-anemic group, Helicobacter pylori gastritis (24%/17.6%) and celiac disease (6%/2.2%) were more common in low ferritin levels without anemia, which indicated a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000/p = 0.04). Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori gastritis and celiac disease were more commonly observed in association with low ferritin levels. Low ferritin levels without anemia can be an early and silent sign of celiac disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Anemia is a common problem in outpatient clinics, and endoscopic interventions are one of the initial steps to rule out the gastrointestinal causes. In this study, we aimed to analyze the diagnostic yield of endoscopic interventions in children with severe anemia. Materials and Methods: The demographic features, laboratory findings, and endoscopic and histopathological findings of 65 children with severe anemia (hemoglobin <7 g/dL) (mean age of 12.1 ± 4.4 years, 73.8% female) who underwent endoscopic interventions were recorded from the files. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of positive endoscopic findings and/or histopathological examination. Factors that may predict the presence of positive endoscopic findings and/or histopathological examination were analyzed. Results: After a colonoscopy and/or upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the etiology of anemia was identified in 35 patients, and the major diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in 16.9% and gastrointestinal ulcer in 10.8% of the patients was made. No gastrointestinal pathology was detected in 30 patients. The diagnostic yield of endoscopic examination in patients with severe anemia was 53.8% (95% CI: 63.3-67.7). Presence of hypoalbuminemia (P = .021), high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = .006), and high C-reactive protein (P = .03) was significantly associated with positive findings in endoscopic interventions. Conclusion: We recommend performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and/or colonoscopy in patients with severe anemia associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and using laboratory findings of hypoalbuminemia, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein in order to rule out gastrointestinal pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some studies showed that the increase of tumor size has a negative effect on survival in colon cancers. Our study aims to assess the effects of tumor volume on lymph node positivity and prognosis in stage pT3 colon cancers. All patients who underwent surgery for colon cancer in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively. The study included 213 patients who were diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma and reported as pathologic. Preoperative abdomen computed tomography scans were used for measurements of tumor volume. Tumor volumes were compared according to the pathological lymph node involvement. Cut-off values were determined with ROC analysis. The cases were divided into groups according to the determined cut-off value and data compared. Mean tumor volume was found to be higher in the lymph node-positive group (p=0.01). The higher number of removed lymph nodes and lymph node positivity was detected more in cases that were above the cut-off value (p=0.003 and p=0.004, respectively). The mean survival time was 37.3±1.3 months. There was no correlation between tumor volume and the overall survival time (p=0.21). According to data comparison of the lymph node positivity, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the increase of the N stage reduces the 5-year survival rate (for the N0, N1, N2 stages, 60%, 52%, 35%, respectively). Tumor volume is correlated with lymph node involvement. It has been shown that increasing the N stage has a negative effect on prognosis. Our study showed that tumor volume has no significant impact on survival but may have an indirect effect on prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient receptor potential channels have responsibilities in many cellular processes such as cytokine production, cell differentiation, and cytotoxicity by affecting intracellular cation levels or intracellular signal pathways. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disease caused by environmental and genetic factors. In this study, we aim to investigate TRPV1-TRPV4, TRPM2, TRPM4, TRPM7, TRPC6, and TRPA1 mRNA expression levels, which are associated with the inflammatory process, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Thirty-five healthy controls and age–gender matched thirty patients with RRMS were involved in the study. TRPC6, TRPA1, TRPM2, TRPM4, TRPM7, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, and TRPV4 PBMCs mRNA expression levels were determined by qPCR. In the present study, the TRPC6, TRPM7, TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4 mRNA expressions of RRMS patients in PBMCs decreased at a significant level compared to the healthy control group (p =.000, p =.000, p =.044, p =.000, p =.004, respectively). The decreased expression of TRPC6, TRPM7, TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4 in PBMCs may be associated with the pathogenesis of MS. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of the relation between these TRP channels and MS and other autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim. Endoscopic stenting is a generally safe and effective palliative treatment for esophageal malignancies. In this study, we aimed to present endoscopic stent applications, adverse events, and relative advantages of covered versus uncovered stents in our center. Methods. We examined cases of endoscopic stenting for palliative treatment of advanced stage esophageal cancers between January 2014 and July 2019. Age, gender, location of mass, adverse events, survival time, and stent type were evaluated. Outcomes of fully covered and uncovered self-expanding stents were compared with regard to adverse events, including stent migration and occlusion. Results. The mean age of the patients was 66.4 ± 1 , 52 were male, and 8 were female. Patients were followed up for a mean of 133 days. The most common complication due to stenting was migration. 13 patients developed adverse events. Migration was the most common adverse event, occurring in 8 (13%) patients. Although the migration rate of fully covered stents was higher than uncovered stents, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.47). Stent occlusion was observed in 4 patients. In three cases, it was due to the tumor; an uncovered stent was placed again in these cases. Food-related occlusion developed in one patient. There was no statistical difference in terms of overall adverse event rate when comparing fully covered stents to uncovered stents (p = 0.68). Conclusion. Endoscopic stenting is a viable palliative method with low morbidity and mortality in experienced centers. Though there are relative advantages with covered versus uncovered stents in individual cases, the overall adverse event rate is low and relatively similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a game-design workshop built around a digital art installation featuring video games displayed over a real-world skyscraper to stimulate students' interest in computer science and a study testing its short-term effects on improving middle school students' computational thinking (CT) skills and attitudes towards computing. Following a STEAM approach, the workshop aimed to engage participants in age-appropriate activities that focus on CT skills through the lens of creating their own game. A web-based game design interface that allows students to code and play games as simulated on a skyscraper was developed to support the workshop's core activities. The web environment also featured step-by-step tutorials and fully functional games to promote the accessibility of the learning materials for a diverse body of students and educators around the globe. The results of the study indicated that the workshop helped students improve their CT skills and differentially influence their attitudes towards computing. In particular, the workshop experience led students from underserved community districts to lower their attitude ratings, whereas the reverse pattern was observed for students from more affluent districts. The workshop reportedly informed students' perception of computing as a profession and their appreciation of the analytical effort required for developing functional games. Qualitative analysis of artifact-based interviews indicated that students could begin to make abstractions and devise algorithms by associating variables through conditional statements while solving problems related to game development. Interview analysis also revealed that students took pride in the effort that they made during the workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Ovarian torsion is a gynecopathology that requires emergency surgery in women. However, ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs after treatment with detorsion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 on ovarian IRI and ovarian reserve. Methods: Forty‐eight female Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1: Sham, Group 2: Ischemia, Group 3: ischemia/reperfusion (IR), Group 4: IR + JZL184 4 mg/kg, Group 5: IR + JZL184 16 mg/kg, Group 6: IR + vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide). Three hours of ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Two different doses of JZL184 (4 and 16 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally in Group 4 and 5, 30 min before reperfusion. Ovarian IRI and ovarian reserve were evaluated in serum and tissue by using histopathological and biochemical parameters. Results: Treatment with JZL184 was associated with a significant increase in ovarian 2‐arachidonoylglycerol and improved serum anti‐Mullerian hormone, İnhibin B, primordial follicle count, and ovarian histopathological damage score (p < 0.05). JZL184 treatment significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde, and increased superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and glutathione (GSH) levels (p < 0.05). The increased phosphorile nuclear factor‐κB (Phospho‐NF‐κB‐p65), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1), and TUNEL assay immunopositivity scores in ovarian I/R injury were decreased after treatment with JZL184 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: JZL184 showed significant ameliorative effects on ovarian IRI and ovarian reserve caused by IR through acting as an antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agent. Thus, JZL184 may be a novel therapeutic agent for ovarian IRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition / Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi is the property of Soil Science Society of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most appearing mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal system. In this study, we are aiming to share the most up to date knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of these tumors by transferring our clinical experience about GISTs. Methods: The 151 patients who were operated between 2006-2020 and whose pathological examination was reported as GIST were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic, clinical, and pathological features and treatment methods of patients were evaluated. Results: Seeventy-six of the patients were women and 75 of them were men whose age averages were 66.1 (31–86). The most common location was the stomach (55.6%), followed by the small intestine, retroperitoneal, large intestine, rectum, esophagus, and another organ. With surgical intervention, 139 of them had been cured. Twelve of cases were accepted as inoperable. The diameter of tumors in our cases were between 0.4 cm and 35 cm. Determined mitotic activity was ≤ 5 in 71 patients and 5 < in 80 patients. In 8 of 12 unresectable cases, it has been seen that partial remission after the treatment of 12-month tyrosine kinase inhibitors, C-KIT, was positive in 96.7% of our cases. CD34 and Ki-67 was analyzed in patients. CD34 was found positive in 98 (64.9%) of them, Ki-67 was positive in 82 (54.3%) patients. Patients had been observed for 40 months. Conclusion: Despite GISTs are not appearing frequently, nowadays they have started to be seen more frequently than before with the growing present-day diagnostic methods. The ideal treatment is performing radical resection without leaving any tumor cells behind. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have an important place in unresectable cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In spite of advances in surgical techniques, the significance of anastomosis leak continues in colorectal surgery. There is no ideal method in spite of all studies and technical advances in this field. Our aim of this study was to use fibroblast growth factor collagen (FGF-C) and antibiotic collagen (AB-C) to increase the rate of anastomosis healing in experimental animals with peritonitis. Methods: This animal experimental study received ethics committee approval. The animals were divided into three groups of seven animals each; the first group was control, the second group was the fibroblast growth factor collagen group, and the third group was the antibiotic collagen group. Under anesthesia, more than 50% of the colonic lumen was opened 4–5 cm distal to the ileocecal junction to create a defect. Twenty-four hours later, primary anastomosis was performed. The second group had the anastomosis line covered with a cover containing FGF-C. The third group had the anastomosis line covered by material containing AB-C. The experiment was concluded on the postoperative 7th day, and the anastomosis burst pressure, tissue hydroxyproline level, and histopathological assessment were performed. Results: Though the burst pressure was higher in the experimental groups, it was not statistically significant. In the second and third groups, vascular proliferation and fibroblastic activity appeared to be better than in the control group. Hydroxyproline values were statistically significant in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: FGF-C and AB-C may have potential utility in anastomosis healing, especially in those susceptible to infection due to anastomosis leak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mitigate dictionary attacks or similar undesirable automated attacks to information systems, developers mostly prefer using CAPTCHA challenges as Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) to distinguish between human users and scripts. Appropriate use of CAPTCHA requires a setup that balances between robustness and usability during the design of a challenge. The previous research reveals that most usability studies have used accuracy and response time as measurement criteria for quantitative analysis. The present study aims at applying optical neuroimaging techniques for the analysis of CAPTCHA design. The functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy technique was used to explore the hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex elicited by CAPTCHA stimulus of varying types. The findings suggest that regions in the left and right dorsolateral and right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex respond to the degrees of line occlusion, rotation, and wave distortions present in a CAPTCHA. The systematic addition of the visual effects introduced nonlinear effects on the behavioral and prefrontal oxygenation measures, indicative of the emergence of Gestalt effects that might have influenced the perception of the overall CAPTCHA figure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Research in Medicine is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medical Bulletin of Haseki / Haseki Tip Bulteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare multisystemic disease occurring in individuals with no history of liver disease, characterized by coagulopathy and / or hepatic encephalopathy secondary to acute liver injury. It is mostly caused by viral infections, drug intoxication, and metabolic diseases (MD), and can also have an indeterminate etiology. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes of the patients that presented to our clinic with MD‐associated ALF. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed age, gender, parental consanguinity, family history, presence of encephalopathy, laboratory parameters, and clinical outcomes of the patients that presented to our clinic between January 2009 and January 2019. Patients with MD‐associated ALF were compared with patients in whom ALF was associated with other etiologies. Results: The study included 39 patients (53.8% boys; mean age + SD 6.13 ± 1.43 years). The total and direct bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and ammoniac levels were significantly higher in patients with MD than in the others (P < 0.05). Moreover, the incidences of hypoglycemia, death of a sibling and / or a family history of liver disease were also higher in patients with MD than in the others (P < 0.05). On the other hand, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly higher in patients with other etiologies. Conclusions: Metabolic diseases should be kept in mind in patients with a history of parental consanguinity and a positive family history of liver disease along with less increased alanine aminotransferase than expected, and increased bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and ammoniac levels and hypoglycemia. As the number of these parameters increases, the chance of diagnosis increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is a phenomenon triggered by specifically designed videos and sounds, inducing a feeling of relaxation in individuals. Previous studies have demonstrated that ASMR stimuli lead to tempo rary improvements in pain symptoms and enhanced performance in cognitive tests for ASMR-sensitive individuals. Most studies on ASMR have primarily relied on surveys or recording brain activity in a limited area (e.g., fMRI). Allowing individuals to experience ASMR in a more comfortable setting and concurrently examining its influence on the prefrontal cortex will contribute to a better understanding of this phenomenon at the physiological level. Methods: 26 healthy volunteers (9 men) were included in this study. While participants comfortably watched ASMR and control videos, prefrontal cortex activity was recorded using an fNIRS device (fNIR Devices, Maryland, USA) with 16 channels. The oxy-([HbO]), deoxy- ([HbR]), and total hemoglobin ([HbT]) concentrations were obtained using the modified Beer-Lambert law. After the experiment, participants completed an information form and were divided into two groups based on their ASMR sensitivity: sensitive (n=13) and non-sensitive (n=13). Responses to ASMR videos between the groups were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test, while the responses of ASMR-sensitive individuals to ASMR and control videos were compared using the Wilcoxon test. Results: ASMR-sensitive individuals had significantly lower [HbR] values (median=-0.33 µM) compared to non-sensitive individuals (0.34 µM) in channel 7 (p=0.01). When comparing ASMR and control video responses in ASMR-sensitive individuals, [HbR] responses to ASMR videos were lower than those to control videos in channels 1, 4, and 10 (-0.48, 0.11, and - 0.44 µM, respectively, vs. 0.20, 0.81, and 0.24 µM; p<0.04 for all). Conclusion: Our study contributes to understanding the influence of ASMR videos on prefrontal activation in sensitive individuals and provides valuable physiological insights into this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidney ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is an important health problem resulting in acute renal failure. After IR, the inflammatory and apoptotic process is triggered. The relation of Cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor with inflammatory and apoptotic process has been determined. The CB2 receptor has been shown to be localized in glomeruli and tubules in human and rat kidney. Activation of CB2 receptor with JWH-133 has been shown to reduce apoptosis and inflammation. In this study, it was investigated whether CB2 activation with selective CB2 receptor agonist JWH-133 was protective against renal IR injury. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 45). Bilateral ischemia was treated to the IR group rat's kidneys for 45 min and then reperfusion was performed for 24 h. Three different doses of JWH-133 (0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg) were administered to the treatment groups at the onset of ischemia. The JWH-133 application at three different doses decreased the glomerular and tubular damage. Additionally, in the renal tissue, nuclear factor-κB, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and caspase-3 levels decreased immunohistochemically. Similarly, JWH-133 application decreased the serum tumour necrosis factor alpha, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Cystatin C, interleukin-18, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 levels. We found that JWH-133 and CB2 receptor activation had a curative effect against kidney IR damage. JWH-133 may be a new therapeutic agent in preventing kidney IR damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aim to determine significant changes and trends in neuroscience literature concerning Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) from 2000 to 2017. This article encourage researchers to help identify perhaps the most influential studies and combine detailed evidence into study-considered higher education. To our knowledge and understanding, almost no study found alterations in neuroscientific literature during the last decade in Turkey. In this study, the main aim is to present a science map of "Neuroscience literature", is a growing field of research in Turkey. This study explores maps of scientific publications related to research in Neuroscience that accuracy of clustering and classification of scientific fields is enhanced by incorporation of algorithms and main bibliometric analysis. Data were extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database and matched with PubMed database via PubMed ID. Only articles published in journals classified under the Web of science category (WC) "Neurosciences" over the period of interest were included. MeSH term, abstract fields and references of each included publication were extracted and analyzed via Bibliotools software to identify recurring terms with high relative citation scores. MeSH term maps were produced for publications over the study period to illustrate the extent of co-occurrence, and the impact of terms was evaluated based on their relative citation scores. To further describe the recent research priority or "hot spots," MeSH terms, Journals, authors with the highest relative citation scores were identified annually. We focused on two successive periods: in 2000–2007 there are 1807 publications in WoS and 1510 publications in the bibliographic coupling (BC). 1291 publications gathered in 16 top clusters and 1103 publications gathered in 47 subtop clusters. In 2008–2017: there are 3668 publications in WoS, 3312 publications in the BC network. 2924 publications gathered in 20 top clusters and 2500 publications gathered in 87 subtop clusters. In the corpus description interface, interactive tools are used to explore the nature of the two studied corpora by listing MeSH terms, references, categories, authors, journals, institutions, countries, etc. by frequency of use. In the BC interface, interactive tools are used to explore the multiple dimensions of the topics (or clusters) unveiled by our analysis. The two periods were studied independently, and although we use matching colors for topics that obviously correspond to one another from one-time period to another. We focused on two successive periods: in 2000–2007 there are 1807 publications in WoS and 1510 publications in the bibliographic coupling (BC). 1291 publications gathered in 16 top clusters and 1103 publications gathered in 47 subtop clusters. In 2008–2017: there are 3668 publications in WoS, 3312 publications in the BC network. 2924 publications gathered in 20 top clusters and 2500 publications gathered in 87 subtop clusters. In the corpus description interface, interactive tools are used to explore the nature of the two studied corpora by listing MeSH terms, references, categories, authors, journals, institutions, countries, etc. by frequency of use. In the BC interface, interactive tools are used to explore the multiple dimensions of the topics (or clusters) unveiled by our analysis. The two periods were studied independently, and although we use matching colors for topics that obviously correspond to one another from one-time period to another. In recent years, because of an increase in the size of the aging population, the trend of neuroscience research has been increased. Neuroscience is currently the fastest growing area in basic scientific research. This paper gives a contemporary summary to scientists and medical professionals interested in research and innovation in this field. Furthermore, Neuroscience research plays a vital role in the development of instruments categories of emerging medical technology. It is clear that this paper helps researchers who study the neuroscience to recognize significant changes and trends in the literature of neurosciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in neuroimaging technologies have rendered multimodal analysis of operators' cognitive processes in complex task settings and environments increasingly more practical. In this exploratory study, we utilized optical brain imaging and mobile eye tracking technologies to investigate the behavioral and neurophysiological differences among expert and novice operators while they operated a human-machine interface in normal and adverse conditions. In congruence with related work, we observed that experts tended to have lower prefrontal oxygenation and exhibit gaze patterns that are better aligned with the optimal task sequence with shorter fixation durations as compared to novices. These trends reached statistical significance only in the adverse condition where the operators were prompted with an unexpected error message. Comparisons between hemodynamic and gaze measures before and after the error message indicated that experts' neurophysiological response to the error involved a systematic increase in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity accompanied with an increase in fixation durations, which suggests a shift in their attentional state, possibly from routine process execution to problem detection and resolution. The novices' response was not as strong as that of experts, including a slight increase only in the left dlPFC with a decreasing trend in fixation durations, which is indicative of visual search behavior for possible cues to make sense of the unanticipated situation. A linear discriminant analysis model capitalizing on the covariance structure among hemodynamic and eye movement measures could distinguish experts from novices with 91% accuracy. Despite the small sample size, the performance of the linear discriminant analysis combining eye fixation and dorsolateral oxygenation measures before and after an unexpected event suggests that multimodal approaches may be fruitful for distinguishing novice and expert performance in similar neuroergonomic applications in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Surgery / Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi is the property of Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk University Medical Journal is the property of Selcuk University Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Small bowel diverticula is a rare condition and is rarely seen in the jejunum compared to the ileum. It is usually incidentally detected. It is mostly asymptomatic. Herein, we aimed to discuss a case of multiple jejunal diverticula that have caused pseudoobstruction in the light of the literature. Case report: A 55-year-old male patient had complaints of abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, nausea and vomiting. Mechanic intestinal obstruction was considered. Multiple giant diverticula were found in entire jejunum. Conclusion: Jejunal diverticula may produce a different clinical picture. It should be kept in mind that jejunal diverticula that is a rare condition may cause pseudoobstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Medical Journal is the property of Selcuk University Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an auto inflammatory disease characterized by periodic fever, synovitis and serositis. Patients may be admitted to gastroenterology units due to gastrointestinal symptoms. In this study; we aimed to analyze endoscopic findings and diagnostic utility of endoscopic procedure in children with FMF. Methods: Patient with FMF that was performed endoscopy for the gastrointestinal symptoms were included to the study (39 of 164 patients, 53 procedure). A control group was randomly designed as age and gender matched four endoscopic procedures per one endoscopic procedure of patients with FMF (n=212). Results: No different was found between the patients and control group in esophagogastroscopy findings. However, the diagnosis of gastrointestinal pathology was made by esophagogastroscopy in 46.2% patients. Colonoscopic examination revealed that the frequency of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was higher in undiagnosed patients compared to both the control group (50.0% vs. 6.9%, p<0.05, odds ratio [OR]:13.4 and 95% confidence inteval [95% CI]: 2.1-84.3) and the patients under colchicine treatment (50.0% vs. 8.3%, p<0.05, OR: 11 and 95% CI: 0.8-147.8). Colonoscopic procedure that was made after the diagnosis was found to provide contribution by 16.7% in determining the etiology of the additional symptoms. Conclusion: Patients with FMF may be admitted to pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic prior to diagnosis or during the follow-up period. The frequency of IBD is high in undiagnosed patients with FMF. Endoscopic procedures may be helpful in these patients for the diagnosis accompanying mucosal lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessory hepatic lobe is noted as and considered a rare disease in children. It can manifest with various symptoms and complications depending on the location, volume, type and position of the disease as presented on a child. The patient presented as a 14-month-old girl who was seen with a notable hepatosplenomegaly and portal hypertension. A diagnosis was made after taking an extensive medical history, observation and radiological examinations. The formal diagnosis was a prehepatic portal hypertension associated with accessory hepatic lobe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of hyperscanning studies that focus on simultaneous monitoring of the brain dynamics of multiple participants while they are engaged in social activities. The fNIRS method is popularly employed in current hyperscanning studies due to its robustness to movement artifacts and increasing portability/wearability thanks to advances in fNIRS sensor design. Studies conducted in the fields of linguistics, cognitive science, social psychology, and developmental psychology have shown that during social interactions, as the interlocutors establish a sense of common ground, there is also an increase in the degree of coordination and synchronization among their speech and actions across multiple levels. Current findings encompass various levels including the organization of turn-taking in conversation, formation of shared concepts, increased syntactic compatibility between speakers' sentences, a higher level of coordination in gaze distribution towards people and objects in the vicinity, and overlaps in body oscillations of speakers. Hyperscanning studies aim to reveal the neural correlates of these processes. Pioneering studies in this field have shown that in conditions of cooperation and competition, where two individuals either try to press a button simultaneously or before the other, there is an increase in inter-brain connectivity measurements in the right superior frontal cortex in the cooperation condition in contrast to the competition condition. Over 100 studies conducted to date have examined systematic brain-tobrain coordination patterns across multiple participants during tasks involving various levels of social interaction, such as pressing buttons, singing together, storytelling, playing rockpaper-scissors, game-theory based decision-making, collaborative problem-solving, and playing Jenga. Recent meta-analyses and review articles focusing on the common patterns reported in these studies draw attention to brain-to-brain coordination in the right prefrontal, superior-frontal, and temporo-parietal junction regions, which may be related to the formation and maintenance of joint attention, and in the frontopolar and inferior/middle frontalgyrus regions, which may be associated with the formation of shared value judgments and theory of mind. The diversity of social interaction scenarios in current studies and the presence of control conditions used for comparison purposes indicate that these effects cannot be explained solely by factors such as pulse synchronization, neural responses to the rhythm of the experimental flow and stimuli, or mechanical coordination between physical movements. Future studies testing these findings in more free-form social interaction situations are expected to yield more detailed findings about the formation of joint attention and shared understanding, and the observed inter-brain effects will also provide useful information for understanding individual brain dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Tissue damage and endotoxemia in obstructive jaundice are attributed to the increase in oxygen freeradicals. We aimed at evaluating the possible protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), which is a potent exogenous free-radical scavenger and antioxidant. Material and Methods: The study was performed at the Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine Research and Application Center for Experimental Medicine Laboratory with ethical approval. 30 Wistar-Albino rats were used and were divided into 3 groups. The common bile duct was identified and only dissected in the first group (sham). Following dissection of the common bile duct it was ligated with 4/0 silk just above the pancreas in the second group (control). After ligation of the common bile duct, 100mg/kg/day GSPE was administered via orogastric lavage for 10 days in the third group. Results: Biochemical values revealed a statistically significant difference between Group I and the others. There was no difference between Group II and III regarding biochemical values. There was a statistically significant difference, however, between Group II and III with regards to nitric oxide levels. There was a statistically significant difference between Group I and the other groups concerning hepatic and pulmonary tissue damage on histopathologic evaluation. There was no difference among the groups with regards to renal tubular damage. Conclusion: Proanthocyanidin is an effective natural antioxidant in decreasing the level of tissue damage caused by oxygen free-radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Journal of Bakirkoy is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)