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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to improve understanding of the role of the family as NEET determinants in a country with free education in a Mediterranean or Southern European welfare state, so that the authors can contribute to policy recommendations and offer suggestions for future studies. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used TurkStat (2021) household workforce statistics microdata (TurkStat permit number 10484) for multinomial logistic regression. These microdata are the most detailed data representation of all households in Turkey in 2021, representing all household members (n = 635.159) and young people aged 15–24 years (n = 88.974) in Turkey. Of the data on youth, those not in education or employment constituted the NEET sample (n = 21,729). The authors also used the 2014–2020 household workforce statistics microdata (TurkStat permit number 3188) to explain the proportional changes between the status of NEETs in past years and today. Findings: The age factor (20–24) and long-term unemployment in men and marital status (for married and divorced) in women are of critical importance for the risk of being NEET. Compulsory education is the most influential factor in reducing the risk of NEET for both genders. The estimations of logistic regression models showed significantly that the increase in the education level of parents decreased the probability of NEET in the household. In particular, the gains of mothers after compulsory education (university, postgraduate education) increased the probability of young people in the household being NEET compared to the education levels of fathers. Originality/value: The authors make two contributions with this study. First, the authors discuss current microdata and NEET determinants in Turkey, which is the subject of limited research and has one of the highest rates of NEET in the 15–29-years age category (28.7%) in the OECD (2021). Second, the authors are the first to examine parental education or employment for NEETs in Turkey. Findings from the study allow comparison of Turkey and southern European welfare regime countries and fill the gap in the literature on NEET and parent relationship in Turkey with a strong and up-to-date dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum algorithms are known for providing more efficient solutions to certain computational tasks than any corresponding classical algorithm. Here we show that a single qudit is sufficient to implement an oracle based quantum algorithm, which can solve a black-box problem faster than any classical algorithm. For 2d permutation functions defined on a set of d elements, deciding whether a given permutation is even or odd, requires evaluation of the function for at least two elements. We demonstrate that a quantum circuit with a single qudit can determine the parity of the permutation with only one evaluation of the function. Our algorithm provides an example for quantum computation without entanglement since it makes use of the pure state of a qudit. We also present an experimental realization of the proposed quantum algorithm with a quadrupolar nuclear magnetic resonance using a single four-level quantum system, i.e., a ququart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have analytically calculated the quantum discord for a system composed of spin- j and spin-1/2 subsystems possessing SU(2) symmetry. We have compared our results with the quantum discord of states having similar symmetries and seen that in our case the amount of quantum discord is much higher. Moreover, using the well-known entanglement properties of these states, we have also compared their quantum discord with entanglement. Although the system under consideration is almost separable throughout its parameter space as j increases, we have seen that the discord content remains significantly large. Investigating the quantum discord in SU(2) invariant states may find application in quantum computation protocols that utilize quantum discord as a resource since they arise in many real physical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting quantum states from the decohering effects of the environment is of great importance for the development of quantum computation devices and quantum simulators. Here, we introduce a continuous dynamical decoupling protocol that enables us to protect the entangling gate operation between two qubits from the environmental noise. We present a simple model that involves two qubits which interact with each other with a strength that depends on their mutual distance and generates the entanglement among them, as well as in contact with an environment. The nature of the environment, that is, whether it acts as an individual or common bath to the qubits, is also controlled by the effective distance of qubits. Our results indicate that the introduced continuous dynamical decoupling scheme works well in protecting the entangling operation. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, the dynamics of the qubits naturally led them into a decoherence-free subspace which can be used complimentary to the continuous dynamical decoupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Kidney stone formation is a relatively common condition. In the treatment of the stone, protective measures should be taken primarily, if stone is composed, firstly crushing is done with sound waves from outside the body, when it does not crush the stone, surgery is performed. Previously, open surgery and minimally invasive methods were in use, now stones achieved by entering into the body in a natural way, and the stones are cleaned as a result of technological developments. Stone localization is also important in the treatment of kidney stones. The most difficult ones to treat are stones located to the lower calyx of the kidney. In this study, retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), which is being implemented in our clinic, success was evaluated in the treatment of the lower calyx stones. Methods: Ten patients were evaluated retrospectively who underwent RIRS due to kidney stone in lower calyx in last 1 year. Results: There is not any pediatric patient in the study group. The mean age of the patients was 51.6 (28-81) years. There are three male and seven patients female. The average size of stone was calculated 1.45 (1-2) cm. In one patient, there was a stone too in the upper calyx as well as in the lower calyx Stones and had cleaned in the same operation. The avaradge hospitalitation time was calculated as 1.1 days (1-2). One patient had residual stone and then the process was repeated. None of the patients had any complications. Conclusion: Urinary stone disease prevalence is 2-3%. Some of the factors affecting the formation of urinary stone disease are; genetics, gender, age, geography, climate, age, occupation, obesity, fluid intake etc.There is still not any drug prevents the formation of stones in the urinary tract. RIRS is safe to treat kidney stones in the lower calyx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]