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Origami, the art of paper folding, has emerged as a versatile technique for crafting intricate 3D structures from 2D sheets. Combined with the magnetic actuation, origami paper becomes the building blocks for cost‐effective, wirelessly controllable magnetic robots. Herein, a biodegradable magnetic paper with excellent formability and recyclability is developed, facilitating its convenient utilization and disposal. The programable magnetic paper, fabricated with specific magnetization and crease patterns, enables the transformation of 2D sheets into predetermined 3D structures. Leveraging the lightweight and pliable nature of paper‐based materials, exceptional control of origami robots with fast response is demonstrated, enabling a wide range of locomotion. Furthermore, the paper‐based approach enables the incorporation of electronic functionality into magnetic actuators. By introducing conductive nanoparticles into magnetic paper, an electrically conductive substance is created. Constructing electronic circuits and integrating electronic components onto the paper‐based printed circuit board platform enables the repairing of broken circuits inside complicated equipment and optical sensing of surrounding environments in conjunction with locomotive robots. The origami robots have a huge potential to be facilitated in diverse fields with various functions, demonstrating complex locomotion, and integrating chemical, optical, thermal, and mechanical sensors for monitoring environmental conditions in hard‐to‐reach locations. The array of possibilities holds significant promise for the widespread application of these origami magnetic robots across a diverse spectrum of research fields in soft robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant tissue culture is the best option in producing planting material for cultivation programmes of Gyrinops walla. Perfection of in vitro rooting protocol for this species is the most decisive step in micropropagation. In the present study the effect of physical state of substrate, different concentrations of sucrose, IBA and NAA in media containing activated charcoal on in vitro rooting was investigated. In experiment-1, 0.2% (w/v) activated charcoal was added in to the ½ MS medium fortified with 30 or 40 g/L sucrose and varying concentrations of IBA or NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L). In experiment-2, filter paper-bridged liquid medium was used with 40 g/L sugar and varying concentrations of IBA or NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L). The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. Percentage of rooted microshoots and number of roots per shoot were recorded. The ½ MS semi-solid medium with 0.2% activated charcoal, 40 g/L sucrose and 0.1 mg/L NAA resulted in the significantly highest rooting percentage (50%)while the significantly highest number of roots (6.0) were noted in ½ MS charcoal added (0.2%) basal medium with 40 g/L sucrose and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Shoots supported with filter paper bridge on ½ MS liquid medium, supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA, had the highest rooting percentage (66.7%) and the highest mean number of roots per shoot (3.0) (P<0.05). Results confirmed that in vitro rooting of G. walla could be perfected by optimizing the culture medium and its constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of calcium carbonate to cigarette paper can enhance its combustion performance and apparent properties. However, it does come at the cost of reduced paper strength. In this study, a flexible calcium carbonate (FCC) was developed through the in-situ formation of calcium carbonate on nanocellulose surfaces. The incorporation of FCC into cigarette paper offered the potential to improve filler retention and combustion performance while maintaining high paper strength. The results of the study demonstrated that when compared to the addition of 30% precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), the filler retention rate in cigarette paper increased by 31.5% when 30% FCC was used. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that only a minimal number of inorganic particles were observed between the fibers in the FCC-containing paper, indicating appropriate air permeability and fiber-fiber bond strength. Furthermore, when compared to PCC-containing paper, the FCC-containing paper exhibited an 8.8% increase in tensile strength and a 7.5% increase in folding resistance. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis of the cigarette paper revealed that the incorporation of flexible calcium carbonate effectively lowered the thermal decomposition temperature, leading to a 10.3% increase in the combustion rate of FCC-containing paper. The inclusion of FCC into paper fibers has the potential to enhance air permeability and regulate cigarette burning performance. Consequently, the FCC developed in this study holds promise as a substitute for traditional calcium carbonate fillers in cigarette paper applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mineralization of inorganic components in paper sludge offers potential for their re-use in various fields. This study synthesized carbonates based on the minerals present in paper sludge and aimed to investigate the control of particle size distribution and particle shape of the synthesized carbonates. First, the physicochemical and thermal properties of paper mill sludge and ash were evaluated using a spectrophotometer, XRF, and TGA. Paper sludge ash was obtained by incinerating the paper sludge, followed by a carbonation reaction using CO2 gas injection and pH neutralization to produce recycled fillers. The average particle size, crystal lattice structure, and morphology of the recycled fillers were analyzed using a particle size analyzer, XRD, and FE-SEM. The results indicate that the recycled filler produced from coating paper sludge exhibited similar brightness and morphology to conventional paper-based fillers, suggesting its potential to replace commercial PCC (Precipitated Calcium Carbonate). In contrast, the recycled filler manufactured using old corrugated container mill sludge was deemed unsuitable due to its low hydration activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text describes a study that investigates the mechanics, environmental benefits, and potential challenges of paper recycling machines. It highlights the importance of these machines in promoting a more sustainable future, and how they align with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs aim to address issues such as climate change, land use, responsible consumption and production, and poverty alleviation by promoting sustainable economies. This study explores the transformative potential of the recycling industry and its impact on the economy of Papua New Guinea (PNG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Grafica: Journal of Graphic Design / Documents de Disseny Gràfic is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Excessive paper dust during paper production may harm the workers' respiratory health. We wanted to assess the inhalable paper dust levels and its determinants among paper industry workers. Methods: A study was conducted in Ethiopia to assess the level of personal inhalable paper dust exposure among four paper mills. A total of 150 samples were collected using the IOM sampler attached to Side Kick Casella pumps at a flow rate of 2 L/min. The samples were analyzed in Nemko Norlab, Norway. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to identify determinants of inhalable paper dust. Results: The geometric mean of personal inhalable paper dust was 3.3 mg/m3 with 80% of the measurements exceeding the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 2 mg/m3. The linear mixed-effects model showed that the level of dust was 28% higher when using high-speed than when using low-speed rewinding machines, while paper mills with an average of more than four machines per job group had 22% higher exposure than paper mills with a lower number of machines. Furthermore, working in packing and preparation was associated with higher dust exposure than in other areas. Conclusions: The dust exposure levels were above the Swedish OEL for 80% of the samples. This indicates that preventive measures should be established in the industry. The exposure model identified high-speed rewinding machines, a high number of machines, and work in preparation and packing as associated with high levels of paper dust exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of laboratory beating on unbleached regular grade pine kraft pulp (UPKP), pre-treated with commercial cellulase/hemicellulase enzymatic preparation (C/HEP) were assessed using degrees of Schopper-Riegler (°SR) and fibre-quality numbers (FQN). The tests showed a significant increase in the °SR (used in papermaking laboratories and industry to assess the degree of beating) of the UPKP after its enzymatic pre-treatment in the amount of 0.25 to 5.0 mL/kg of pulp and beating. However, only a several percent reduction of beating time was observed when the effect of this pretreatment of pulp on the speed of its beating was determined using another method. The treatment of the pulp selected for research with C/HEP before beating negatively influenced its strength properties after this process. The results correlated well with the most important basic fiber properties from the standpoint of papermaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Synthetic Fiber Industry is the property of Sinopec Baling Petrochemical Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paper-based materials made from cellulose have been sought after as a sustainable and inexpensive packaging option. However, the porous structure and high hydrophilicity of paper-based materials result in inadequate water and oil repellency, as well as a limited water vapor barrier. In this work, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were prepared using a high-speed homogenizer, and subsequently coated on base paper along with cationic starch to enhance its multi-barrier performance to facilitate the packaging application. The LNPs obtained through such a facile process formed stable colloidal dispersion in water, which exhibited excellent interfacial compatibility with cationic starch. During the coating process, a highly adhesive emulsion consisting of cationic starch and LNPs were coated on the surface of base paper, imparting good hydrophobic properties to the paper. The resulting paper material exhibited good water resistance (Cobb value of 37.5 g m 2), high oil resistance (Kit rating 9) and tensile strength (48.93 MPa). The reduction in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) exceeds sixfold. This study provides a new avenue for the application of lignin in high-barrier, fluorine-free, water-and oil-resistant packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although paper packages are biodegradable, their applications in food packaging are limited due to high affinity for absorbing moisture and the high permeability of gases and liquids with surroundings. Therefore, exploring the use biodegradable coatings such as nanocellulose to improve barrier is a relevant strategy. This study assessed the efficacy of unbleached nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) as an additive to paper and coatings. Using NFC derived from unbleached eucalyptus pulp, a 5% mass addition to the paper pulp and a 2 mm wet nanocellulose coating to kraft paper handsheets made from pine pulp were investigated. In addition, nanocellulose films of similar thicknesses were appraised. The physical, morphological, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of the resulting papers were assessed. Incorporating NFC notably enhanced the morphology area of the paper by padding its pores, thus increasing its density by up to 48% and improving its water barrier properties by up to 50%. The mechanical strength showed significant enhancements, particularly in bursting and tensile strength with increases of up to 134% and 50%, respectively. Anyhow, the films exhibited lower bursting indices and no improvement in the tearing index. Nonetheless, the thermal stability of the handsheets with NFC coating meets the minimum requirements for food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature reviews are an essential feature of academic research because, fundamentally, the advancement of knowledge must be built on prior existing work, and to push the frontiers of knowledge, one must be clear as to where these frontiers presently are. By systematically analyzing, synthesizing, and summarizing bodies of related literature, hypotheses can be tested and/or new theories and insights developed. However, despite the recent increase in systematic review research in business and management, and particularly marketing literature, arguably, many reviews continue to be poorly undertaken and reported due to a lack of a rigorous modus operandi for their journal editors, reviewers, and readers. The purpose of this paper is twofold, first to offer marketing researchers and practitioners a modus operandi to better demonstrate the optimization of rigor when undertaking quantitative systematic review research, and second to represent a call-to-action for marketing scholarship to engage further with optimizing rigorous systematic review research in the future. The paper thereby contributes to marketing literature by offering researchers and practitioners a three-stage protocol to demonstrate the optimization of rigor when undertaking systematic review research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processing of paper sludge is currently an important environmental topic due to its high global production. The aim of this study is to monitor the biodegradation of paper sludge when the initial conditions change. Biodegradability tests 301F and OECD 311 were used to determine biodegradation. The data obtained from the tests were subsequently obtained for the simulation in MATLAB R2023b. The highest aerobic decomposition was approximately 80% after 28 days at an initial concentration of paper sludge leachate of 76 g/L. By simulating 3D modelling, we can predict that with a retention time of 1 day with degradation under aerobic conditions at the level of 70%, the ideal initial concentration of organic substances will be 157.55 g/L. Based on this model, it is possible to estimate that with a biogas production of 554 m3/tVS and a decomposition time of 20 days, it is necessary to set a concentration of approximately 128 g/L. Based on biodegradability tests, paper sludge was evaluated as suitable for aerobic or anaerobic biological decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Home Literacy model predicts different outcomes depending on formal and informal literacy practices carried out at home. However, this model does not explicitly consider the potential differences that the media (paper vs. tablets) in which these practices are carried out can have on performance. The present study explored this issue. Participants were 136 children aged 6–7 years old and their parents. The different activities performed at home were analysed through reports of the parents, and children were assessed at school for their reading performance (decoding and comprehension). Results showed how formal practices using traditional materials predicted reading comprehension, but informal practices did not predict any performance measure. The digital home literacy environment showed no impact on reading performance, suggesting that two different environments (paper and digital) might exist, each one of them having differential impacts on performance. Implications for research and education are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the modification of fiber morphology and the strength property development of paper from Enset fiber as a function of soda pulping conditions and refining energy. Soda pulping was conducted at pulping temperatures between 160 and 180 °C. The NaOH charge was 16, 20, and 24% based on the initial raw material. The beating of pulp was conducted using a Jokro mill. The refining of pulp was conducted in a laboratory refiner at different refining intensities. The mild Jokro mill beating was not effective on Enset fiber pulp. On the other hand, the laboratory refiner effectively refined the pulp. The fiber morphology was altered in the way of improving the paper formation and strength. The beating degree of the pulp was increased to about 49 °SR. The tensile index was enhanced to around 80 Nm/g using a refining energy input of 250 kwh/t. From the results, it can be concluded that Enset fiber pulp is suitable for packaging papers due to its high strength level. On the other hand, Enset fiber can be a potential raw material for specialty papers like filter paper and tea bags because of its high porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For a hygiene paper such as tissue and towel, strength, softness, and absorbency are known as attributes that a user is looking for. It is proposed here that purchasing decisions are likely to be influenced by in-use experiences, which may be quite different from the physical properties measured with current standardized tests. There have been continuous efforts on developing physical test methods to replace subjective in-use tests because the benefits of the former are too significant to be overlooked. This paper considered some in-use test methods for paper towel products that can be carried out by panel members quickly in the course of sensory panel testing. In addition, laboratory tests were developed in an attempt to quantify such input. The sensory panel testing showed that (wet) strength and absorbency were the key contributions to the performance of paper towels. Softness did not show any significant contribution to it. Wet strength showed a high correlation with absorbency. The (wet) ball burst strength had the highest correlation with the in-use strength. Although both the tensile strength and the ball burst strength had a high correlation with preference, the ball burst tester is preferred because more reproducible and simpler to operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper industry has significant sustainability implications and necessarily requires a careful consideration of direct and lower-tier suppliers for effective sustainable supply chain management. This paper utilized an extensive literature review and semi-structured interviews of experts in the Chinese pulp and paper industry to unearth the factors that highly influence multi-tier supply chain sustainability. A Technological-Organizational-Environmental (TOE) and Human-Organizational-Technological (HOT-fit) based theoretical framework was employed to classify the identified factors. Then, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based methodology was applied to determine the relative importance of the factors. A comparison analysis of the relative importance of the factors as determined by the experts in the focal companies, Tier-1 suppliers and Tier-2 suppliers of the Chinese pulp and paper industry is presented. The results show that institutional and technological factors are most critical to actualizing multi-tier supply chain sustainability. Thus, the study outcomes present relevant theoretical and practical implications for the managers and practitioners in the pulp and paper industry on how to facilitate multi-tier supply chain sustainability for increased competitiveness. Furthermore, this study provides guidelines for other industries as well and sets the stage for subsequent theorization and exploration of multi-tier supply chain sustainability for expected performance gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to determine the ink removal efficiency of papers with different recycling numbers and to examine some electrophotographic printing properties. Design/methodology/approach: The base papers prepared according to the INGEDE 11p standard are subjected to six recycling stages (RS) under equal conditions. The physical-optical properties of the papers obtained at the end of each RS are measured and CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, key) color measurement scales are printed on each paper with electrophotographic printing. Color measurements of the printed papers are measured using the X-Rite eXact spectrophotometer, adhering to the ISO 13655:2017 standard. According to the measurement results of the optical properties, the ink removal efficiency of each recycling step is determined as a percentage (%) using some formulas. Findings: As general, according to DEMLab and IERIC data, it is determined that the ink removal efficiency increased as the recycling repetition increased. In DEMf factor values, the highest deinking efficiency is obtained after the fourth RS. There is no significant difference between the printing properties of the samples. Originality/value: It has been a matter of curiosity that papers lose their properties after how many RS. Many studies have been carried out on this subject and it has been presented by experimental methods that the printability properties of papers increase or decrease after which RS. This study can be a pioneer for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Predicting highly cited papers can enable an evaluation of the potential of papers and the early detection and determination of academic achievement value. However, most highly cited paper prediction studies consider early citation information, so predicting highly cited papers by publication is challenging. Therefore, the authors propose a method for predicting early highly cited papers based on their own features. Design/methodology/approach: This research analyzed academic papers published in the Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) from 2000 to 2013. Five types of features were extracted: paper features, journal features, author features, reference features and semantic features. Subsequently, the authors applied a deep neural network (DNN), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT) and logistic regression (LGR), and they predicted highly cited papers 1–3 years after publication. Findings: Experimental results showed that early highly cited academic papers are predictable when they are first published. The authors' prediction models showed considerable performance. This study further confirmed that the features of references and authors play an important role in predicting early highly cited papers. In addition, the proportion of high-quality journal references has a more significant impact on prediction. Originality/value: Based on the available information at the time of publication, this study proposed an effective early highly cited paper prediction model. This study facilitates the early discovery and realization of the value of scientific and technological achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Community is striving for a sustainable society as suggested by the UN's 2015 sustainability goals. The circular economy in the paper and packaging industry is of particular importance here because it consumes many resources. The paper industry in Germany with a fiber recycling rate of 85% in 2022 is already a pioneer and role model for other industries. All materials should be recyclable. Fiber-based composites/laminates are currently becoming increasingly important. Essential questions are: which collection systems and recycling paths should be used for fiber-based composites/laminates, and where are there currently challenges with recycling? To answer these questions, 58 questionnaires answered by German experts and practitioners in the German paper industry were evaluated. Wet-strength papers, adhesives, plastic coatings and wax dispersions were perceived as a problem by 70% of all respondents, and packaging residues by almost 40%. Additionally, 90% stated that the composition of paper for recycling changes regularly due to legislation, trends and innovations, while 60% attributed this to recent changes in legislation. For at least 80%, virgin fibers from packaging are valuable for paper recycling, but only 15% of respondents stated that virgin fibers compensate for the disadvantages of rejects. Almost 90% expected challenges with fiber-based composites/laminates in the existing paper for recycling processes. Overall, the collection and recycling of fiber-based composites/laminates in conventional paper for recycling collection and the recycling system is not desirable. An integrated collection, sorting and recycling system should be considered, especially because a further increase in fiber-based composites is to be expected. In the end, the design for recycling and following recycling guidelines are the key to the recycling industry in the future. Good recyclability of fiber-based composites/laminates would improve their acceptance by paper recyclers. Their virgin fibers are particularly valuable. The results of our study are relevant to the recycling and fiber industry, standard-setting bodies, regulatory authorities and research. The limitation of this study is that experts from the paper industry were interviewed, but the recyclability of the fiber materials was not analyzed by measurement, and the machine technology of the interviewees could not be examined and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of plastic packaging wastes in the natural environment highlights the significance of sustainable alternatives. Paper is widely used as a biodegradable packaging material, but poor mechanical strength, barrier properties, and water resistance limit its utility. Typical paper coating materials applied to overcome such drawbacks, such as polyethylene (PE) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), are not desirable for sustainability due to environmental persistence. Here, we report a biodegradable, biocompatible, robust, and high-barrier paper coating strategy using boric acid-crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Various crosslinked-PVA solutions were prepared using boric acid (BA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a crosslinker and an acid catalyst, respectively. The solutions were coated onto the Kraft paper (KP) through facile bar coating with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a binder (henceforth referred to as coated papers). The coated papers (KP-P, KP-PB, KP-PBH) show remarkably improved oxygen (∼0.89 cc m−2 d−1) and water vapor (∼5.17 g m−2 d−1) barrier properties as well as tensile strength (∼53.0 MPa) that is retained in moist conditions. The coated papers were significantly mineralized into CO2 (59.2–81.6% over 111 d) in the simulated marine environment biodegradation test. Depolymerization of polymer chains and surface degradation of coated papers are evidenced via FT-IR and SEM, respectively. The microcosm test revealed that the intensive disintegration of the coated papers is synergistically driven by both biotic and abiotic factors (i.e., mechanical stress). Moreover, the in vitro biocompatibility tests employing human embryonic kidney and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, and in vivo biocompatibility test with mice suggest that the coated papers are highly biocompatible. This work provides a promising strategy for paper packaging that enhances packaging performance without compromising environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a novel paper-based sensor for the simultaneous analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and hydroquinone (HQ). The sensor utilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PVA) as the reagent probe and PVA media acted as the filter for separation of the analytes. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and ethanol serve as the stationary phase and eluent, respectively, exploiting the differences in analyte reactions and solubility to achieve their separation on the filter paper. The circular sensor's central zone was AA's detection area, while HQ was detected in the outer ring region. AA induced an immediate color change in the test kit, whereas HQ required a 20-minute elution with ethanol followed by colorimetric analysis. All analytes exhibited relative standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility below 2.7% and 9.5%, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the linear detection range for HQ was 0.2-2.0 mg⋅L− 1, while AA was 0.1-2.0 mg⋅L− 1. The detection limit was determined to be 0.05 mg⋅L− 1 for AA and 0.1 mg⋅L− 1 for HQ. The recoveries of AA and HQ in cosmetic cream samples ranged from 80 to 110%. The accuracy of the sensor's measurements was further validated by comparison with the HPLC-DAD method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible sensors capable of continuously monitoring surface moisture and respiratory status play a crucial role in human health monitoring. However, manufacturing flexible humidity sensors at low cost remains challenging in traditional manufacturing industries. This study introduces a humidity sensor prepared by impregnating paper with LiCl solution and using carbon nanotube-carboxymethyl cellulose composite paper-based fibers to fabricate interdigital electrodes. This sensor exhibits high sensitivity to gas humidity due to its flexible and porous electrode structure and moisture-sensitive substrate. The prepared porous fiber paper-based humidity sensor (PLFC) is used for detecting small amounts of gas humidity ranging from 33% RH to 98% RH, with a response time of only 500 ms and a linearity of R2 = 0.960. In terms of human health monitoring, it can continuously monitor respiratory rate and amplitude and non-contactly perceive the humidity status of body parts. By reflecting the tester's physiological condition based on surface humidity, it is highly beneficial for patient recovery care and health preservation. Therefore, the design and ideas proposed in this work are of significant importance for the future development and application of wearable respiratory sensors and moisture sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paper- and paperboard-based materials are alternatives to petroleum-based plastics in food packaging but unsuitable for their poor moisture and oil resistance. In this sense, fluorinated compounds improve water and grease repellency, though their use is controversial. This Perspective discusses main techniques to combine fluorinated compounds with paper and paperboard, including water and oil contact angles and grease resistance values, and summarizes main legal aspects in Europe and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era of agricultural digitalization, documenting on-farm operations is critical. These records contextualize other layers of data and underpin economic analysis and informed decision-making. On-farm recordkeeping is rooted in an ancient tradition and has evolved from pen and paper to digital means integrating diverse tools and methods. These tools vary widely in mode of data recording and this presents challenges in achieving complete, accurate and interoperable data. Assessing this diversity of existing recordkeeping systems is a key step toward the improvement in recordkeeping systems that enhance data quality and interoperability. Despite the importance, as of present, comprehensive studies addressing this challenge are lacking. A systematic review of existing on-farm recordkeeping systems was carried out to address their advantages and weaknesses and to analyze their features and traits, focusing on interoperability and adherence to efficient and comprehensive on-farm recordkeeping. Paper-based recordkeeping, a longstanding and reliable method, is gradually being replaced by digital platforms. Many universities and agencies have released farm management spreadsheets and interactive database forms representing the initial step toward intuitive recordkeeping. Furthermore, farm management software, web apps, and user-friendly smartphone apps are increasingly crucial for handling agricultural big data. Notably, among the surveyed software packages and apps, most of them are not free and only a few support data interoperability. The survey also indicates a scope for further development in open-source tools with automation in recordkeeping. Adopting digital on-farm recordkeeping tools can positively impact both on and off the farm, fostering data interoperability, controlled yet flexible data access, completeness, and appropriate accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polyethylene-, polyvinylidene chloride-, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance-coated paper generate microplastics or fluorochemicals in the environment. Here, we report an approach for the development of oil-resistant papers using an environmentally friendly, fluorine-free, water-dispersible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating on kraft paper. Carboxylic-functionalized PDMS (PDMS-COOH) was synthesized and subsequently neutralized with ammonium bicarbonate to obtain a waterborne emulsion, which was then coated onto kraft paper. The water resistance of the coated paper was determined via Cobb60 measurements. The Cobb60 value was reduced to 2.70 ± 0.14 g/m2 as compared to 87.6 ± 5.1 g/m2 for uncoated paper, suggesting a remarkable improvement in water resistance. Similarly, oil resistance was found to be 12/12 on the kit test scale versus 0/12 for uncoated paper. In addition, the coated paper retained 70–90% of its inherent mechanical properties, and more importantly, the coated paper was recycled via pulp recovery using a standard protocol with a 91.1% yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Our country has been importing various kinds of wallpaper from different countries for many years. With the increase of foreign exchange problems, the local production of wallpaper and its self-sufficiency has been proposed as a suitable solution. On the other hand, currently, domestic companies are producing paper from white waste paper, which is not justified for use as printing and writing grades due to many problems. However, many companies in the country are producing white grades from white waste paper, the use of which as a base paper in the production of decorative paper or wall paper has not been scientifically investigated. The purpose of this research is to study and investigate the possibility of producing wall paper from recycled white paper produced in the country. Methodology: The stages of this project were carried out in 6 separate and consecutive phases, which include: 1) determining the quality characteristics of the papers; 2) preparation of coating material formulation with starch as binder; 3) preparation of coating material formulation with latex and starch as binder; 4) coating of papers with the prepared coating formulations ; 5) Coating papers and non-woven fabric (Non-Woven) with polyvinyl chloride (PVC); 6) Application of four-color printing on the selected samples of coated papers. For this purpose, first, samples of papers produced by several Iranian companies were acquired and they were transferred to the laboratory of Biosystems and Bioproducts of Shahid Beheshti University for coating and performing the necessary treatments. In order to perform the mentioned treatment on the paper samples, various chemical substances were used, including calcium carbonate powder, kaolin, titanium oxide, corn starch, latex and PVC powder. With this aim, coating solutions with different percentage of solids were prepared steadily and with trial and error using various combinations of these materials (with a total of 110 and 124 parts). Then, these coated solutions were added on various domestic base papers (mostly recycled). Finally, the image of a flower was printed in four colors on the most desirable coated papers. Results: In determining the quality characteristics of base papers, including measurements of water absorption, ash content, thickness, permeability to air, tensile strength, tear resistance index and burst resistance index, two paper samples produced by two companies of Pardis Paper and Tabriz paper were selected as the best and considering the amount of ash, Tabriz paper was introduced as the base paper more suitable than other local papers. Further, after applying the coating material, coated papers with a relatively favorable appearance and whiteness percentages of about 60 to 85 were obtained, and finally, based on the results, a significant relationship was found between the increase in the solids percentage of the coated solutions and the whiteness percentage of the coated paper. Also, after the printing operation on the selected samples, Rasha Superkraft and Tabriz Kraft papers were introduced as the best samples. Also, the highest quality of printing was reached with PVC on Pars white paper with 16% PVC, on whitetop Rasha with 28% PVC and on non-woven fabric (non-woven fabric) with 28% PVC compared to the weight of the paper. Conclusion: The conclusion of the results of this research are listed below: A) The best solid percentage of coating solution (concentration of the mixture) was 41-46%. b) The best combination of binder and pigment, equal to 100 + 12 + 12 = 124 parts and the ratio of the dry weight of the coating mixture added to the dry weight of the base paper is equal to 12%. c) The highest whiteness obtained by adding calcium carbonate + titanium oxide + starch. t) The most suitable concentration of starch that can be used in the coating solution is 15%. c) The best coating and uniform and good coating appearance was obtained on Rasha Superkraft paper with the formula: kaolin + titanium oxide + latex with a whiteness of 77.7% and on Tabriz kraft paper with the formula: kaolin + titanium oxide + latex, with a whiteness of 71.8%. If higher whiteness is desired, using calcium carbonate instead of kaolin would give a better result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A virus is a sub-microscopic infectious organism that causes diseases in humans, animals, and plants resulting in morbidity and may cause mortality. Proper diagnosis is necessary to initiate the treatment and pave the way to eradicate the viral infection. The current diagnostic kits for nucleic acid amplification assay, blood filtration, single-cell analysis are highly accurate, even though the procedure necessitates large sample volumes, complicated fabrication steps, time-consuming processes, and high costs. The filtration of viral samples from the blood is a tedious process. In this research, we have presented a home-based fabricated paper microfluidic chip to effectively filtrate viral particles from the sample to facilitate the nucleic acid amplification assay. The filtration analysis was exhibited for lateral and vertical flow paper chips fabricated via laser printing and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) encapsulation that circumvents the necessity of a traditional wax printer and hot plate. The results convey that the vertical flow paper chip with grade 4 inlet and outlet filters 98.57% of unnecessary particles from the sample. The paper-based microfluidic chip developed in this research is simple, easy to fabricate, and inexpensive to access in underdeveloped countries. The paper chip can pave the way for applications like lab-on-chip devices, POC assays, rapid nucleic acid amplification tests, cell cultures, and biomolecular research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phonological processing of written characters has been recognized as a crucial element in acquiring literacy in any language, both native and foreign. This study aimed to assess Japanese primary school students' phoneme-grapheme recognition skills using both paper-based and touch-interface tests. Differences between the two test formats and the relationship between phoneme-grapheme recognition skills and interaction with digital tests were investigated. We hypothesized a relationship between paper test performance and digital item performance. Participants were sixth-grade students from two public schools. The results of comparison tests indicated that the touch-interface test had lower success rates compared to the paper-based test for most items, suggesting a difference in performance patterns. A consistent relationship between phoneme-grapheme knowledge tested on paper and successful digital interaction was found. Findings highlight the potential of touch-interface assessments for assessing phoneme-grapheme recognition skills in primary school classrooms and suggest incorporating more digital tasks to enhance student adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Curl propensity is a critical-to-quality (CTQ) property of paper, as it causes severe problems during printing and other final conversion operations. The main papermaking factor causing the curl phenomenon is the existence of a fiber orientation (FO) gradient across the thickness direction (or ZD), also known as two-sidedness. Therefore, a methodology that characterizes the FO across the ZD is fundamental for papermakers. In this work, we propose and validate an efficient and cost-effective protocol based on sheet splitting and image analysis. Besides assessing the level of FO two-sidedness, the methodology also provides insights into the flow dynamics in the draining zone of the forming section of the paper machine and the drying stresses built into the paper. This information is relevant for monitoring, optimizing, and troubleshooting activities in the paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removing ink stains from the pages of ancient and valuable books is a very challenging and sometimes impossible task. Only in some circumstances, restorers are able to improve the appearance of an ink-stained page by lightening the spots using an ink eradicator. This paper reports on an approach for the removal of ink stains from a 17th century book using a combination of two commercial houseware products, the rust remover for textile and bleach. The products were chosen on the basis of their active ingredients such as hydrofluoric acid (HF), which facilitates the removal of metal ions contained in the inks (such as iron and chromium) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), known for its whitening abilities. The products were first tested by direct application to one of the several stained pages as a control experiment. The ink stain was successfully removed from the book, but by SEM analysis the page results in a clear detachment of the cellulose fibers from the paper pulp, which reflect a significant change in the paper fine structure. Moreover, the mixing of chemicals occurring during this procedure generated toxic vapors and the entire protocol could only be performed under a chemical fume hood. A new procedure was developed to mitigate these negative effects. Each of the two commercial products was dispersed in a 2% agarose solution shortly before its gelification and the two gels thus obtained were applied consecutively on the surface of the paper to be cleaned. The results showed an effective removal of the ink stain from treated page, avoiding irreparable damage to the paper structure and improving the working conditions of the restorers. Hence, the proposed gel cleaning procedure offers three main advantages: i) a simple and practical tool for effective removal of metallic ink stains from the paper surface; ii) reduction of damage caused by aggressive reagents (HF and NaClO) contained in cleaning products for a better conservation of paper fibers; iii) a great decrease of the risk of accidentally exposing the operators to harmful toxic vapor (produced by accidental mixing of aforementioned chemical reagents). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, massive exudation of heavy metals into natural water bodies has become prevalent world wide, posing threat to the environment, individuals and their well-being. Owing to its prolonged half-life and non-biodegradability, potential accumulation of heavy metals can cause serious health problems. Several cutting-edge diagnostic methods are being utilized for the assay of heavy/toxic metals. Certainly, these methods hold some limitations, such as requirement for extortionate devices and strenuous operations that can only be carried out in laboratories. This led to the emergence of detection methods based on sensors. Among various breakthroughs, paper-based analytical devices as well as paper-based microfluidic devices have turned up as one of the economical, convenient, easily disposable and portable substitutes for on-site detection. This study discusses the current analytical methods and paper-based devices used for heavy metal detection in the first phase followed by the discussion on comparative analysis of various analytical methods. In addition, there are techniques for heavy metal detection, which use substrates like paper, polydimethylsiloxane, etc. using colorimetric, fluorescence or electrochemical sensing, have also been discussed. The development of programmable paper-based microfluidic devices has been emphasized in the second phase of the discussion. Finally, the future progressions and developments in this field have also been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes as new biomarkers for cancer diagnosis have attracted attention because they are highly released by tumor cells in various biological fluids. In this study, an electrochemical paper-based immunosensor device (Exo-sensing paper) is introduced for the detection of exosome in the serum. The Exo-sensing paper is a three-electrode system that is prepared using pattern paper and carbon and silver inks. The sensor part of this immunosensor contains a three-dimensional porous nanocomposite of nickel nanofoam coupled with graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles. The high specific surface area of this nanocomposite increases the antibody loading on the sensor surface significantly and consequently leads to obtaining a wide linear range of 500–1 × 107 Exospore µL−1 with a detection limit of 110 Exosome µL−1. Due to some advantages of this constructed Exo-sensing paper such as easy storage, simple application, low cost and good selectivity in the real samples, this system has a good potential to be used as a point of care testing for in situ detection of the exosomes and is a promising strategy for minimally invasive liquid biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based microfluidic devices offer an ideal platform for biological and environmental detection because they are low-cost, small, disposable, and fill by natural capillary action. In this tutorial review, we discuss the surface modification of paper-based microfluidic devices with functional polymers using the initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process. The iCVD process is solventless and therefore ideal for coating cellulose paper because there are no surface tension effects or solvent compatibility issues. The process can also be scaled up for roll-to-roll manufacturing. The chemical functionality of the iCVD coating can be tuned by varying the monomer and the structure of the coating can be tuned by varying the processing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to growing environmental concerns, the scientific community is increasingly incorporating green chemistry principles into modern analytical techniques. Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) have emerged as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional analytical devices, offering robust applications in point-of-care testing, personalized healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. ePADs align with green chemistry by minimizing reagent use, reducing energy consumption, and being disposable, making them ideal for eco-friendly and cost-effective analyses. Their user-friendly interface, alongside sensitive and selective detection capabilities, has driven their popularity in recent years. This review traces the evolution of ePADs from simple designs to complex multilayered structures that optimize analyte flow and improve detection. It also delves into innovative electrode fabrication methods, assessing key advantages, limitations, and modification strategies for enhanced sensitivity. Application-focused sections explore recent advancements in using ePADs for detecting diseases, monitoring environmental hazards like heavy metals and bacterial contamination, and screening contaminants in food. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as wearable wireless devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), further positions ePADs at the forefront of point-of-care testing (POCT). Finally, the review identifies key research gaps and proposes future directions for the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible pressure sensors based on paper have attracted considerable attention owing to their good performance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, effectively expanding the detection range of paper-based sensors with high sensitivities is still a challenge. Herein, we present a paper-based resistive pressure sensor with a sandwich structure consisting of two electrodes and three sensing layers. The silver nanowires were dispersed deposited on a filter paper substrate using the vacuum filtration coating method to prepare the electrode. And the sensing layer was fabricated by coating carbon nanotubes onto a mulberry paper substrate. Waterborne polyurethane was introduced in the process of preparing the sensing layers to enhance the strength of the interface between the carbon nanotubes and the mulberry paper substrate. Therefore, the designed sensor exhibits a good sensing performance by virtue of the rational structure design and proper material selection. Specifically, the rough surfaces of the sensing layers, porous conductive network of silver nanowires on the electrodes, and the multilayer stacked structure of the sensor collaboratively increase the change in the surface contact area under a pressure load, which improves the sensitivity and extends the sensing range simultaneously. Consequently, the designed sensor exhibits a high sensitivity (up to 6.26 kPa−1), wide measurement range (1000 kPa), low detection limit (~1 Pa), and excellent stability (1000 cycles). All these advantages guarantee that the sensor has potential for applications in smart wearable devices and the Internet of Things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The examination of the lead–lag effect between different publication types, incorporating a temporal dimension, is very significant for assessing research. In this article, we introduce a novel framework to quantify the lead–lag effect between the research topics of conference papers and journal papers. We first identify research topics via the text‐embedding‐based topic modeling technique BERTopic, then extract the research topics of each time slice, construct and visualize the similarity matrix of topics to reveal the time‐lag direction and finally quantify the lead–lag effect by four proposed indicators, as well as by average influence topic similarity comparison maps. We conduct a detailed analysis of 19,166 bibliographic data for top conference papers and journal papers from 2015 to 2019 in the data mining field, calculate the similarity of topics obtained by BERTopic between each time slice divided by quarters. The results show that journal paper topics lag behind conference paper topics in the data mining field. The most significant lead–lag effect is 2.5 years, with approximately 33.45% of topics affected by this lag. The methodology presented here holds potential for broader application in the analysis of lead–lag effects across diverse research areas, offering valuable insights into the state of research development and informing policy decisions. This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Science and Technology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have created a modern infrared (IR) sensor that is both super-sensitive and highly flexible. This remarkable device possesses impressive properties of exceptional sensitivity (24,000%), high responsiveness (1.25 A/W), and fast response time (3 ms). This innovation stands out for its unique construction: an ultrathin layer of lead sulfide (PbS) deposited on a standard Whatman filter paper. This design achieves a photo-current 32 times greater than previous record-holding PbS thin films. The key advantage is its unmatched flexibility. This sensor can bend and flex without breaking, maintaining its IR detection capabilities even after enduring extreme bending cycles. This breakthrough paves the way for a new era of wearable IR photo sensors, flexible electronics, and medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of zirconium-based KZC series crosslinkers with varying zirconium contents and the polyamine-based crosslinker (PBC) on the properties of coated paper, focusing on key performance metrics such as viscosity, wet rub and pick resistance, dry pick resistance, gloss, brightness, ink set-off, and print mottle. The findings reveal that crosslinkers' type and concentration significantly influence the coating colors' viscosity, with PBC demonstrating lower low shear viscosity at lower concentrations. The KZC series showed stable viscosity across a zirconium content range of 7% to 20%, and both crosslinker types enhanced wet rub resistance at higher concentrations. Notably, the KZC series, particularly KZC7, exhibited superior wet pick resistance at increased concentrations, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing the durability of the coating layer. All crosslinkers maintained excellent dry pick resistance, ensuring robust coating performance. While gloss and brightness were generally unaffected, KZC20, which had the highest zirconium content, slightly reduced these optical properties. Ink set-off tests indicated that the KZC series performed better at lower concentrations, whereas higher concentrations led to increased ink set-off, potentially due to over-crosslinking. Print mottle remained consistent across all crosslinkers, indicating uniform coating quality. Overall, the zirconium-based KZC series significantly enhances wet resistance and maintains high performance across various properties, though it may slightly reduce gloss and brightness and increase ink set-off at higher concentrations. PBC offers a balanced performance profile, emphasizing the need for careful crosslinker type and concentration optimization to achieve the desired coating properties for specific applications. This comprehensive evaluation provides valuable insights for developing and optimizing high-performance coated papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide recycling rate for paper is about 60% and there are ongoing efforts to enhance the recycling rates to 80%. The low strength of recycled paper primarily due to the contaminants in it fetches lower value to the recycled paper in the market and also limits its recyclability. The ways to circumvent the problem of contamination of paper have been addressed by adding additives. However, the use of additives increases the cost of the final recycled paper. Oxidation has been explored as an alternative to enhance the tensile strength of paper in this work as it can be used in existing paper recycling facilities without any modifications. Pulp fibres were collected from an active paper recycling mill and subjected to oxidation at various oxidation levels from 0.25 up to 1.5 mmol/g. It was found that the tensile strength of the paper increased by up to 89% with an increase in oxidation level up to 1 mmol/g and later decreased with a further increase in the oxidation level up to 1.5 mmol/g. The brightness of the paper increased by up to 3% with an increase in oxidation level up to 0.85 mmol/g and then a decrease with further enhancement in the oxidation level. The oxidized samples were also studied with infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and optical properties to study the behaviour of the resulting material. A ring crush test and corrugating medium test were also performed on the oxidized pulp samples to establish the feasibility of the material for packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]