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The European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), is an environmentally and economically important species in Europe, mainly for fruit production. The chestnut fruit is well-known for its nutritional properties, namely its high concentration of carbohydrates (starch) and its low-fat content, as well as being one of the few fruits that do not contain gluten. Due to its chemical and nutritional characteristics beneficial to health, the sweet chestnut is a food recommended at different levels. The biochemistry of the mouth and nose of a human being is very complex. However, understanding the different interactions between the biochemistry of our sensory organs and food helps us to comprehend certain concepts, such as flavor and how it is involved in the sensory evaluation of the chestnuts. For the selection of high-quality products, it is necessary to develop reliable methods both from a qualitative and sensory point of view, and chestnut is a fruit with unique sensory characteristics that can be used in various gastronomic dishes, from main courses to desserts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a survey of on the religious life in different European countries. It says that publications during 2003-2008 in Roman Near East included studies on particular themes related to cults and religions, whereas larger and detailed studies on regions and cults were done during the period 2009-2011. It says that no major new studies of the religious life appeared during the period of the survey in Gaul or Great Britain.