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5 results on '"Buckling"'

1. Temporal and spatial earthquake clustering revealed through comparison of millennial strain-rates from 36Cl cosmogenic exposure dating and decadal GPS strain-rate.

Author

Iezzi, Francesco, Roberts, Gerald, Faure Walker, Joanna, Papanikolaou, Ioannis, Ganas, Athanassios, Deligiannakis, Georgios, Beck, Joakim, Wolfers, Soeren, and Gheorghiu, Delia

Subjects
PALEOSEISMOLOGY, EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis, BAYESIAN field theory, GEODETIC observations, EARTHQUAKES
Abstract

To assess whether continental extension and seismic hazard are spatially-localized on single faults or spread over wide regions containing multiple active faults, we investigated temporal and spatial slip-rate variability over many millennia using in-situ 36Cl cosmogenic exposure dating for active normal faults near Athens, Greece. We study a ~ NNE-SSW transect, sub-parallel to the extensional strain direction, constrained by two permanent GPS stations located at each end of the transect and arranged normal to the fault strikes. We sampled 3 of the 7 seven normal faults that exist between the GPS sites for 36Cl analyses. Results from Bayesian inference of the measured 36Cl data implies that some faults slip relatively-rapidly for a few millennia accompanied by relative quiescence on faults across strike, defining out-of-phase fault activity. Assuming that the decadal strain-rate derived from GPS applies over many millennia, slip on a single fault can accommodate ~ 30–75% of the regional strain-rate for a few millennia. Our results imply that only a fraction of the total number of Holocene active faults slip over timescales of a few millennia, so continental deformation and seismic hazard are localized on specific faults and over a length-scale shorter than the spacing of the present GPS network over this time-scale. Thus, (1) the identification of clustered fault activity is vital for probabilistic seismic hazard assessments, and (2) a combination of dense geodetic observations and palaeoseismology is needed to identify the precise location and width of actively deforming zones over specific time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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2. Going back to school can be an Olympian hurdle.

Author

Intini, John

Subjects
ADULT college students, OLYMPIC Games, OLYMPIC Games (28th : 2004 : Athens, Greece), OLYMPIC Winter Games, WOMEN speed skaters, WOMEN cyclists
Abstract

Clara Hughes laughs sheepishly when she thinks of her first days as a university freshman last fall at the University of Calgary. Hughes isn't used to buckling under pressure. Her three Olympic bronze medals--two in cycling from the 1996 Atlanta Games and one in speed skating from Salt Lake City last year--are proof of that. Now, in addition to homework assignments and her ongoing efforts to learn French, Hughes is gearing up for what will likely be her Olympic swan song next year in Athens (after the fall semester in Calgary, she moved to Quebec's Eastern Townships to train). The Winnipeg native is one of only four athletes in Olympic history to win medals at both the Winter and Summer Games. In the meantime, while her art studies didn't get off to an explosive start, she is excited by her progress. One idea came out of a recent 1,500-km biking adventure in northern Canada with her husband which she says opened her eyes to the plight of Native children. "I'd like to establish an art or sports camp for the kids," says Hughes. "I won't try and turn them into Olympic athletes, but it would be great to give back a little of what I had."

Published
2003

3. Olympic Stadium Athens, Greece.

Author

Lubell, Sam and Gonchar, Joann

Subjects
STADIUM design & construction, ARCHITECTURAL design
Abstract

This article provides information on the architectural design made by Santiago Calatrava for the Olympic Stadium in Athens, Greece. It discusses the selection of Calatrava by the Greek Ministry of Culture, the construction of the facility and the description of the structure. The materials used for the construction, the value of the project, and the firms involved in the project are cited.

Published
2006

4. How Athens' Olympic stadium was finally pulled together.

Author

Siriani, Federico and di Silverio, Massimo

Subjects
OLYMPIC Games, STADIUMS, ROOFS, SPORTS facility management
Abstract

Completing the dramatic 18 500 t main stadium roof for the 2004 Athens Olympics was tension engineering in every sense. The 304 m long, 80 m high cable-stayed steel and polycarbonate roof designed by Santiago Calatrava was literally pulled together at the last minute, just as it was on the verge of being abandoned. This paper describes how the two sinuous halves of the roof were built 70 m away from each side of the existing 20-year-old stadium, using a series of strand-jack towers, and then how they were drawn together using a strand-free pulling system devised at the eleventh hour. The final pull was completed on 6 June, just four days before the first test events. It is a timely reminder of the huge challenges that engineers invariably have to overcome in delivering monumental sporting arenas on time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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5. Builders of Athens Olympics Struggle to the Finish Line.

Author

Reina, Peter

Subjects
OLYMPIC Games, SPORTS tournaments, STADIUMS
Abstract

Preparations for the summer Olympic Games in Greece, set to begin August 13, 2004 are so late that the Prime Minister Costas Karamanlis took personal responsibility for their timely completion just after winning this month's elections, as of March 22, 2004. Last-minute construction is most critical at the crowning main stadium in Athens. Even with nonstop work, its 304-meter-span arching roof will be ready only weeks before the globally televised opening ceremony is set to take place under its cover. The main stadium complex and a soccer field in Piraeus, both less than 80% ready, are the least advanced.

Published
2004

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