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This study assesses the correlation of p53 immunoreactivity and DNA ploidy status with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. p53 protein expression and DNA ploidy were evaluated on 84 archival paraffin-embedded radical prostatectomy specimens. Patients were divided into two groups: those with low (38/84, 45%) and those with high (46/84, 55%) p53 immunoreactivity. The results were correlated with Gleason score, stage and serum PSA. Kaplan-Meier biochemical recurrence free survival and the Cox hazard-regression model were used for analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed p53, DNA ploidy, Gleason score, PSA and stage to be independent prognostic factors in this order. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference in biochemical recurrence when p53 high expression and DNA aneuploidy were combined. The results of this study suggest that stratification for p53 expression and DNA ploidy status can provide additional prognostic information for patients with prostate carcinoma after radical prostatectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: We report the early postoperative results of the first prospective, randomized comparison of two commercially available thulium lasers with different wavelengths for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). Materials and Methods: From January to June 2013, 80 consecutive patients were randomized for Thulium VapoEnucleation of the prostate (ThuVEP) with a 2013 nm (RevoLix®) (n = 39) or a 1940 nm (Vela® XL) ( n = 41) thulium laser. Preoperative status, surgical details and the immediate outcome were recorded for each patient. The perioperative complications were assessed and classified according to the modified Clavien classification system. Results: Median operation time, resected tissue, percentage of resected tissue, catheter time, overall operation efficiency and Hb loss differed nonsignificantly between both devices (P > 0.05). At discharge, the median maximum urinary flow rate and postvoiding residual (PVR) urine improved significantly in both groups (P < 0.001). The PVR was lower in the 1940 nm ThuVEP group (P ≤ 0.034). Perioperative complications occurred in 18 (22.5%) patients (Clavien 1: 12.5%; Clavien 2: 5%, Clavien 3b: 2.5%, Clavien 4a: 2.5%), with no differences between the groups (P = 0.5). Conclusions: The 1940 nm and the 2013 nm thulium lasers are both safe and effective for the treatment of BPO with ThuVEP. Both lasers give equivalent and satisfactory immediate micturition improvement with low perioperative morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vesico-urethral anastomosis (VUA) is a technically challenging step in robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) in obese individuals. We describe technical modifications to facilitate VUA encountered in obese individuals and in patients with a narrow pelvis. A Pubmed literature search was performed between 2000 and 2012 to review all articles related to RALP, obesity and VUA for evaluation of technique, complications and outcomes of VUA in obese individuals. In addition to the technical modifications described in the literature, we describe our own experience to encounter the technical challenges induced by obesity and narrow pelvis. In obese patients, technical modifications like use of air seal trocar technology, steep Trendlenburg positioning, bariatric trocars, alterations in trocar placement, barbed suture and use of modified posterior reconstruction facilitate VUA in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. The dexterity of the robot and the technical modifications help to perform the VUA in challenging patients with lesser difficulty. The experience of the surgeon is a critical factor in outcomes in these technically challenging patients, and obese individuals are best avoided during the initial phase of the learning curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urinary continence is an important outcome parameter after robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We evaluated the continence outcomes following RARP using a double-layered urethrovesical reconstruction. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty consecutive patients undergoing RARP and double-layered urethrovesical reconstruction were prospectively studied for preoperative, intraoperative and post operative parameters. Key points followed during surgery were: Minimal dissection of sphincteric complex, preservation of puboprostatic ligament, selective ligation of deep venous complex and both posterior and anterior reconstruction using the Von Velthoven stitch. Intraoperative bladder fill test was done at the end of anastomosis to rule out urine leak. Check cystogram was done prior to catheter removal in the outpatient department. Patients were subsequently followed at regular intervals regarding the status of urinary continence. All patients irrespective of adjuvant therapy were included in the analysis. Results: The mean age was 64 years (standard deviation ± 6.88), and mean serum PSA was 20.2 ng/ml. The mean BMI was 25.6 (SD: ±3.84). The mean prostate weight was 44.09 gm (range 18-103 gm, SD: ±15.59). Median days to catheter removal after surgery was 7 (range 4-14 days) days. Cystographically determined urinary leaks were seen in two patients. Urine leak was managed by delaying catheter removal for 1 week. Minimum 6 month follow up was available in 126 patients. 'No pad' status at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year was 15.1%, 54.9%, 78%, 90.5% and 94.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Excellent continence outcomes are observed in patients undergoing double-layered urethrovesical reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? According to the EAU Guidelines 2012, large size benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH) cases (>80 mL) continue to have open prostatectomy as the first line treatment alternative, despite the substantial peri-operative morbidity and extended catheterization and convalescence periods related to this undoubtedly invasive approach. During the past two decades, holmium laser enucleation of the prostate was constantly described as a successful choice for this category of patients. According to rather numerous studies, the technique displayed superior results in terms of surgical safety and postoperative recovery compared with the open procedure. On the other hand, the concept of electrosurgical enucleation of the prostate, using either a monopolar or bipolar cutting current, materialized into several technical applications that eventually failed to gain general acknowledgement as reliable alternatives to the BPH transurethral approach., While keeping in mind the already proved advantage of enucleating substantial quantities of BPH tissue, bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate was introduced as a novel endoscopic approach in cases of large prostates. The present trial represents the first prospective, medium-term, randomized comparison to be published of this innovative technique with standard open prostatectomy. Basically, the premises for a viable alternative relied on the practical advantages provided by the 'button' electrode, mainly the large surface creating the conditions for a fast enucleation process, continuous vaporization and concomitant haemostasis. Eventually, it was concluded that the plasma enucleation procedure distinguished itself as a successful treatment option in large BPH patients, characterized by good surgical efficiency, significantly reduced complications, faster postoperative recovery, similar prostatic tissue ablation capabilities and satisfactory follow-up results compared with the open technique. Most importantly, plasma-button enucleation patients benefited from a similar 12 months' outcome from the perspectives of symptom scores and voiding parameters when drawing a parallel with open surgery results, thus underlining the reliable viability of this type of endoscopic approach., Objectives To evaluate the viability of bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate ( BPEP) by comparison with open transvesical prostatectomy ( OP) in cases of large prostates with regard to surgical efficacy and peri-operative morbidity., To compare the medium-term follow-up parameters specific for the two methods., Patients and Methods A total of 140 benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH) patients with prostate volume >80 mL, maximum flow rate ( Qmax) <10 mL/s and International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS) >19 were randomized in the two study arms., All cases were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery by IPSS, Qmax, quality of life score ( QoL) and post-voiding residual urinary volume ( PVR)., The prostate volume and prostate specific antigen ( PSA) level were measured at 6 and 12 months., Results The BPEP and OP techniques emphasized similar mean operating durations (91.4 vs 87.5 min) and resected tissue weights (108.3 vs 115.4 g)., The postoperative haematuria rate (2.9% vs 12.9%) as well as the mean haemoglobin drop (1.7 vs 3.1 g/ dL), catheterization period (1.5 vs 5.8 days) and hospital stay (2.1 vs 6.9 days) were significantly improved for BPEP., Recatheterization for acute urinary retention was more frequent in the OP group (8.6% vs 1.4%), while the rates of early irritative symptoms were similar for BPEP and OP (11.4% vs 7.1%)., During the follow-up period, no statistically significant difference was determined in terms of IPSS, Qmax, QoL, PVR, PSA level and postoperative prostate volume between the two series., Conclusions BPEP represents a promising endoscopic approach in large BPH cases, characterized by good surgical efficiency and similar BPH tissue removal capabilities compared with standard transvesical prostatectomy., BPEP patients benefited from significantly reduced complications, shorter convalescence and satisfactory follow-up symptom scores and voiding parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy with Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy (URSL) as a primary treatment for impacted stone in the proximal ureter. Patients and Methods: A total of 82 patients with a single impacted stone in the proximal ureter were included in the study. Patients were allocated into two groups according to patient preference for either procedure. The first group included 37 patients who were treated by SWL and the second group included 45 patients treated by URSL. The preoperative data and treatment outcomes of both procedures were compared and analyzed. Results: There was no difference as regards to patient and stone characters between the two groups. There was significantly higher mean session number and re-treatment rate in the SWL group in comparison to URSL group (1.5 ± 0.8 vs. 1.02 ± 0.15 session, and 43.2% vs. 2.2%, respectively). At one month, the stone-free rate of the URSL group was statistically significantly higher than that of the SWL group (80% vs. 67.6%, respectively). The stone-free rate at three months was still higher in the URSL group, but without statistically significant difference (80.2% vs. 78.4%, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of complications between the SWL and URSL (24.3% vs. 15.6%, respectively). Conclusion: Both procedures can be used effectively and safely as a primary treatment for impacted stone in the proximal ureter; however, the URSL has a significantly higher initial stone-free rate and lower re-treatment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To analyse the effect of prostate size on the outcome of holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP, an established procedure for treating symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy, BPH), in the initial 354 patients at 1 year of follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 354 patients who had HoLEP at our institution from April 2003 to March 2007. In 235 patients the prostate weighed <60 g (group 1), in 77 it weighed 60–100 g (group 2) and in 42 >100 g (group 3). Demographic data and perioperative variables were recorded and compared among the three groups. RESULTS The mean prostate size was 38.1, 76.4 and 133.5 g for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively ( P < 0.001), and the respective mean weight of resected prostate was 18.47, 40.8 and 82.76 g, respectively ( P < 0.001). The mean procedure efficiency increased from 0.36 g/min in group 1 to 0.49 g/min in group 2 and 0.58 g/min in group 3 ( P < 0.001). The decrease in haemoglobin level after HoLEP was greater in group 3 than in the other groups. Overall, HoLEP resulted in a 75% reduction in American Urologic Association symptom score, a 225% increase in peak urinary flow rate and an 86% decrease in postvoid residual urine volume at 1 year of follow-up. Perioperative complications were evenly distributed among the three groups, except for a higher incidence of superficial bladder mucosal injury and stenotic complications in group 3. CONCLUSIONS HoLEP is a safe and effective procedure for treating symptomatic BPH, independent of prostate size, and is associated with low morbidity. The efficiency of HoLEP increases with increasing prostate size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Open prostatectomy (OP) is a valid option for the surgical treatment of large prostates in the absence of holmium laser enucleation. The most frequent complication of OP is intra- and perioperative bleeding. Preoperative use of dutasteride has been shown to reduce vascularity and perioperative bleeding in transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). However, there has been no study addresing this effect in OP. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether pretreatment with dutasteride for 6 weeks before OP can reduce surgical blood loss. Material and methods: Data of 218 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent OP was investigated retrospectively. Of the 218 patients, 46 were treated with dutasteride for at least 6 weeks and the rest were dutasteride naive. Age, prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, coagulation tests, platelet counts, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and transfusion history were recorded. Blood loss was estimated as follows: preoperative Hb (-) postoperative Hb (+) amount of transfusion. The 2 groups were compared by independent samples t-test and a p value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The groups were similar in terms of age, prostate volume, platelet counts, coagulation tests, and postoperative Hb levels. Preoperative Hb levels were lower in the dutasteride group (13.4 vs. 14.3, p=0.002) and amount of bleeding (-2.72 g/dL vs. -1.93 g/dL, p=0.01) was shown to be significantly lower in dutasteride group. Conclusion: Our results showed that pretreatment with dutasteride for 6 weeks before OP considerably reduces perioperative surgical bleeding. Further prospective randomized trials should be conducted to confirm the effectiveness of such treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a list of articles and case reports which focus on urology and medicine published in the 2004 issue of the journal "Urologia Internationalis" Volume 72.